英语听力短对话策略

1、短对话万能步骤：1、迅速预览，知己知彼;2、想入非非，有效预测;3、取其精华，去其糟粕;4、手不离笔，眼不离题;5、细心分析，大胆推理。选项设置四大特点：特点1：介词+时间状语，问题一定与时间有关。例如：a. in two hours.b. in fifteen minutes.c. in half an houi*.d. in an hour.问题：when does the man plan to take off?注意：听时只关注数字表达，留心数字计算。特点2：介词+地点状语，问题一般是地点推测题。例如：a. in a bank.b. in a school.c. in a clothi

2、ng store.d. in a barbershop.问题： where does the conversation most probably take place? 注意：听时只关注地点表达。特点3：含动词的祈使句,它们的问题一般是问"what.do （做什么）”，“how.do （怎么做）”。 例如：a. move to a big city.b. go back to school.c. become a teacher.d. work in new york.问题： what is the woman going to do next? 注意：听时特别注意动词。特点4：完

3、整句子，问题是一般问主旨，做推理。例如:a. she can find the right person to help the man.b she can help the man out.c. she's also in need of a textbook.d. she picked up the book from the bus floor.问题： what does the woman mean?注意：听时重点听选项中提到的说话人的内容，比如上文的“she”。联想：通读选项、划关键词、充分联想、连词成句（预测主旨）。如: a. she has learned a lot f

4、rom the novel.b. she also found the plot difficult to follow.c. she usually has difficulty remembering names.d. she can recall the names of most characters in the novel.四个选项屮“novel” “difficult” “name”这三个词分别出现两次，我们认定在对话原文中 它们也屈于高频词。现在展开联想：她、小说、困难、名字。连词成句：她在阅读小说时遇到 了困难，困难和名字有关。预选：不听就能选对。有两个并列近义表达的，必排除

5、其一! 有总括的也有细节的，细节的都排除! 女u ： a. they are having dinne匚b. they want more fruit.c. they are preparing cold drinks-d. they are drinking something cold.这四个选项，b说他们想再来些水果，c说他们在准备冷饮，d说他们正在喝冷饮。这 三个都提到了具体的食物，只有a表达在吃晚餐，与其他各项形成概括和具体的关系。所以尽 管原文没有现场的中心句，但我们也可以从选项或分信息中总结出来。五大题型：i、言外之意题：即所谓的话中有话。此类题目说话人通常点到为止，要求我们或展

6、开曲线思维，或展开反 向思维。针对此类题型，要注意不要被题面所迷惑，弄清虚实，听出题中的“弦外z咅”。通常这类 题型体现为两种：表肯实否/表否实肯。前者通常体现在一些特殊的词汇与短语之中，此类题型 中未见“not”岀现，但是意思却是否定的；而后者经常体现在反问句、比较级等句法结构中， 虽然出现了 “not”，但意思却往往是肯定的。另以“wish” “ifonly”或“if”引导的虚拟条件从 句也常属此类。type i：肯定意思反着看。表肯实否：不用否定词却表达否定含义。典型句型：why do.?who can.?what's the use of.?典型词汇：动词“fail”、代词“f

7、ew”、副词“barely”等在不含“not”的陈述句屮通常表 示否定含义。典型短语:对经常与 “out” 搭配的短语(run out of, sold out.),以及“should have done, fm afraid that.1 wish i could.等短语结构，也要重点把握其隐含否定概念的特点。例1：m: i am going to new york next week, but the hotel i booked is really expensive. w: why book a hotel? my brother has 2 spare rooms in his ap

8、artment.q: what does the woman mean?解析：女士的问句“why book a hotel?”其实并非问句，表达的是“没有必要这样做”的意臥 例2：w: having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages. m: i wish i could. but japanese and of course english are the only languages i can speak. q: what do we learn from the

9、 conversation?解析：男士的一句“i wish i could”己经明确告诉我们他表达的意思与女士的相反，即“我不能”, 他不能说几种不同的语言；又根据这位男士后面提供的信息内容，一个“ of course"告诉我们, “english”是他的母语，那么我们可以推断出“japanese”是他会说的一种外语。例3：w: mi*. jones, your student, bill, shows great enthusiasm for musical instruments. m: i only wish he showed half as much for his eng

10、lish lessons.q: what do we learn from the conversation about bill?解析：通过原文屮“wish”后引导的虚拟从句，我们可知bill现在对英语课的热情与他对乐器 的热情是截然相反的，因此我们能够判断出bill对英语课不感兴趣。例4：m: i had a hard time getting through this novel.w: i share your feeling. who can remember the names of thirty five characters?q: what does the woman impl

11、y?解析：原文屮的“who can remember”是在感叹太难记，没人能记住。而并非问句“有谁能够 记住”。type ii：反问句式止着读。 表否实肯：a.使用反问句式，实质表达与字面含义相反。对这种表面否定的句子，要把它们当成表达观点的陈述句。b.比较级结构not asxas. =x的反义词+than 例:not as big as yours = smaller than yours 或者诸如此类的表达方式：i can5t agree with/thank you more. i have never felt betlei;典型句型：why don9!.?例：w: i just re

12、ad in the newspaper that lord of the ring is this year's greatest hit. why don% we go and see it at the grand cinema?m: don't you think that cinema is a little out of the way?q: what does the man mean?解析：男士的表达方式为典型的反问，即“我觉得很远，难道你不这样觉得？ ”type iii：虚拟从句在含有虚拟从句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1、与现在事实相反：从句：

13、过去式(were, did)；主句：would/should/could/might+do2、与过去事实相反：从句：had+过去分词(done)；主句：would/should/could/might+have+done3、与将来事实相反：从句：动词过去式(should do/were to do)；主句：would/should/could/might+do 例：1. if i were you, i would go to the party.2. if i hadift bought that skirt, i would have lent you money.ii、观点态度题：指说话

14、人对其中一方或第三方的行为、品德、立场、决定等的评价。说话人想表明自己的观点态度，无外乎有直接和间接两种方式。为准确定位说话人的立场, 当务之急是找到可表达其皋本立场的基调词。如果原文没有直接给岀某调词，要善于通过联想 模糊判断其态度是肯定还是否定。在多数情况下，说话者的表达方式会比较含蓄，应该多做综 合判断，多注意说话人的语气。type i：直接表态，抓基调词。直接表态时，通常会给出一个基调词，只要抓住这一基调词，说话人的态度是积极肯定的 还是消极否定的也就一目了然了。在表达观点时，通常会通过下列表达引出观点：i think.; i don5t think.; as far as i kno

15、w等。抓住它们后面的信息，将会事半功倍。例如:m: what would be like working with those young stars?w: it was a great group.女士回答屮的“great”就是她的态度的基调词。例1：m: do you want to go to the lecture this weekend? i heard that the guy who is going to deliver thelecture spent a year living in the rainforest.w: great. i am doing a report

16、 on the rain forest. maybe i can get some new information to add it.q: what does the woman mean?解析：女士对报告的反应“great”，即为她的态度的基调词。后面只是她喜欢的原因。所以对于 这类直接给出态度的题目，我们只需抓住几个表示态度、情绪的词即可。例2：w: is that optional course as hard as everybody says?m: it's actually even worse, believe it or not.q: what did the man

17、 say about the course?解析：男士的回答“even worse"为此题的基调词。据此可以确定他给出的评价是认同的。type ii：间接表态，从理由中总结态度。即给出支持自己态度的众多理由。例：w: i hear that the edwards are thinking of buying another house.m: should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house

18、is not too bad.q: what does the man imply?解析：此题即间接表态，用多个理由来支持自己的观点。对于爱德华家买房子这件事，男士给 出三个理由：一是他家其他方面的开销很大，再者他们已经70多岁，并且现在的居住条件也不 差。把这三个理由放在一起，我们不难总结出男士的观点一一不赞成。type iii：间接表态，从对立中找态度。例如：m: i missed such a great chances.w: come on, dorf t be so upset.女士在安慰男士时，我们可以清楚地看到男士情绪沮丧，但女士的态度通过“come on” “dont.”等表达

19、可以看出与之相反，所以也就轻而易举地猜出了女士的态度。此类题型要求考生多把握用于更达说话人语气、态度的一些词汇和短语结构，如表示转巧 的 “however, well, although",表示惊讶的"really, can you believe，how she could.”,表示 赞成同意的 wonderful, good idea, so do i”。例1：m: this article is nothing but advertising for housing developers. i dont think the houses for sale are ha

20、lf that good.w: come on, david. why so negative? we are thinking of buying a home, arent we? just a trip to look at the place won't cost us much.q: what can be inferred from the conversation?解析：间接表态。对于“房子是好是坏，有没有必要去看”这件事，通过女士劝男士 “comeon”uwhy so negative”等，可以看出双方的观点时对立的。即男士消极，女士积极。例2：m: we?ve got

21、 three women researchers in our group; mary, betty and helen. do you know them?w: sure. mary is active and sociable. betty is the most talkative woman fve ever met. but guess what? helen's just the opposite.q: what do we learn from the woman，s remark about helen?a. helen is talkative.b. helen is

22、 active.c. helen is sociable.d. helen is quiet.解析：预览选项后我们了解到最应关注的是helen的信息。原文的众多形容词在选项中岀现，然而一个"opposite"让我们清醒了，原来与那些形容词都是相反的。例3：m: congratulations, li ming, you are the talk of the town and the pride of our class now.w: if you are fine to my winning of the english speech contest, i don，t t

23、hink it's such a big deal. you know fve spent 2 summer vacations learning english in canada.q: what do we learn about li ming from the conversation?a. she doesn't want to talk about the contest.b. she，s modest about her success in the contest.c. she，s spent two years studying english in cana

24、da.d. she，s very proud of her success in the speech contest.解析：通过女士的"idont think."就可以知道，她对男士所说的话持有某种否定态度。既然 这位女士认为这没什么了不起的，我们就可以知道她在这件事上的态度很谦虚，所以选择b选 项。iii、请求、建议题此类题型经常涉及说话一方向另一方提出请求或建议，而说话另一方的反应一般为同意接 受或犹豫拒绝两大类。type i：请求句式要留意。表达请求的主要句式有：i wonder if you could.would you mind ?could you.?例：w

25、: i wonder if you could sell me the psychology textbooks. you took the course last semester, didrtt you?m: as a matter of fact, i already sold them back to the school bookstore.q: what do we learn from the conversation?解析：通过“i wonder if you could.”这一句式，我们就能够把握住女士所说的话都是与请求 内容有关的，那么请求只可能有两种结果：一种是被接受了，

26、一种是被拒绝了。通过男士的回 答，我们知道女士的请求已无法实现，因为书已经被男士卖给学校书店了，所以女士的请求无 形中被拒绝了。type ii：直接建议直接选。直接给引出建议的表达方式：关键动词：advise （名词 advice） ; suggest （名词 suggestion） ; propose （名词 proposal） 要注意以这些词引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气"（should） do”。关键短语：tell/ask/persuade somebody to do.type iii：间接建议要考虑。间接给出建议时的表达方式：if i were you, i would why

27、 don't you.?how about.?you might as well do.youm better例1:w: i found an expensive diamond ring in the restroom this morning.m: if i were you, i would turn it in to the security office. it is behind the administration building.q: what does the man suggest the woman do?解析：tfl were you, i would.”是要

28、提出建议的醒目标志。抓住这个开场白，把注意力完全放 在它后面的含以上。例2：m: washing dishes at a restaurant everyday is really boring.w: why don't you quit and deliver flowers for me?q: what does the woman advise the man to do?解析：用“whydorttyou.” “whynot.”等表达提出自己的建议和想法，这是我们应留意的 又一醒目标志。type iv：接受建议会直说。接受别人建议的表达：that is a good idea.i

29、'll take your advice.that is great/wonderful.typev：拒绝建议都委婉。考虑或委婉拒绝的表达方式：i donl thinkfd rather.not really.i need to think of it.thanks anyway for your suggestion.that，s not my style.例：m: it9s already 11 now. do you mean i ought to wait until professor bloom comes back from the class?w: not really

30、. you can just leave a note. fll give it to him later.q: what does the woman mean?a. she isn't sure when professor bloom will be back.b. the man shouldn't be later for his class.c. the man can come back sometime later.d. she can pass on the message for the man.解析：答案d。本对话出现了两个建议：建议a：等professo

31、r bloom回来；建议b：留下字条, 由女士转交。在a、b之fn, "notreally"起了非常关键的作用，它把建议a完全否定了。我们 听到这样的表达后，就可以放心大胆地去关注后面的建议b了。在部分建议题中，会出现说话 双方分别提出不同的做法，但第二说话人会用unot really athere is no hurry to do.等表达， 将前者的做法完全否定。所以"not really"等表达后而的建议才是重点。type vi：多个建议a、b,答案不是a+b,就是b。特别要注意的是，有时说话人在别人的建议a的基础上，再加上建议b,那么选择答案时

32、需要我们动动脑筋。判断出是要否定建议a只选建议b呢，还是选a+b的建议形式（单纯的 建议a或b的选项都不完整）。比如：在前文给出建议a后，出现"it would be better if you.n , 即给出建议b,那我们就要选择综合了两者的答案。例：w: in my opinion, watching the news on tv is a good way to learn english what do you think?m: it would be better if you could check the same information in english news

33、papers afterwards q: what does the man say about learning english?解析：女士的建议a是看新闻学英语，男士对此进行肯定后，又进一步提岀建议b是读英文报 纸核对。所以当我们总结男士的建议时，必须综合a+bo正确答案为“ifs more effective to combine listening with reading.iv、推理预测题此类题是四级考试屮所占比例比较大而又相对比较容易拿分的题型，通常涉及细节推断题, 如：数字计算、地点、人物身份、人物关系、排序等相关的内容。1、数字计算题（提炼数据，加减乘除）1）、数字题中常出现多

34、个数字点，或出现表示时间上更快或更慢、价格上更高或更低等比较性 语言。涉及此类题的常见提问题型有：when.?what time.?how much/many.?比如，给出商晶原价$100后，附加“but i bought it at ten percent discount”，即表明此商品 是九折买的。再如，给出当前的时间是 6:30,附加"the film will begin in fifteen minutes”。那么我们而对这类题冃时，头脑清醒地记下时间是第一步，更重要的是要理清数字间的逻 辑关系，准确进行加减乘除的计算。2）、数字题常遇陷阱：对“15 fifteen”和“

35、50 fifty”，“19 nineteen”和“90ninety”这类发音相近的数字，选项上 的迷惑性比较大。比如录咅屮读作“nineteen thirteen/1913年”，干扰选项为"nineteen thirty/1930 年”。3）、数字题考点提醒：常考的比较性语言：打七折：30% off 或 at 30 percent discount提前 10 分钟：ten minutes early/before 或 ten minutes ahead of time推后 10 分钟：ten minutes lateten minutes behind scheduleto be p

36、ostponed/delayed for ten minutes翻倍:twice/double （双倍）；triple （3 倍）每隔几天：every other three days （每隔 3 天）每几天：every three days （每三天）常考的数字的读法：日期的读法:读日期的顺序为月、日、年。如：1987.07.05读作july the fifth, nineteen eighty-one. 年份的读法：2000年以前以两个数字为一组来读:1995读作nineteen ninety-fiveo 2000年 以后读作 two thousand and.。年代的读法：1970

37、9;s 读作 nineteen seventies o货币单位及符号：美元dollar；英镑pound；欧元euro；美分cent （25美分quarter）o其他数字表达：一对couple； 一打dozen；十年decade；二十score；两周fortnight；每年 annual o 例：m: so when are the other guys going to get here? the train is leaving in ten minutes. we can't wait here foreve匚w: it's ten thirty already. they

38、 are supposed to be here by now. i told everybody to meet here by now. q: when is the train leaving?解析：文中首先给出“十分钟后开车”，那么我们如果想知道十分钟后是几点，就必须要知道当 前的时间，紧接着文中给出一醒日的时间10:30,我们理清逻辑关系后，用简单的加法运算就可 以了。2、地点场合题此类题对考生来说最大的好处是可以轻而易举地邂则出问题。因为选项多为"at the restaurantn “on the streetn "at a theatre" &qu

39、ot;on campus” 等表示地点的短语。type i：工作特色，专用语言。纵观近年考过的地点场合题，可以看出，地点场合题中常考在服务性场所中与服务人员之 间的对话。那么他们工作中使用的特殊工作语言，就是我们的突破口之一。比如：can i help you?（服务员的工作语言）what can i do for you?（服务员的工作语言）how do you feel?/what's the matter with you?（医生的工作语言）type ii：生活积累，场景重现。还有其他非服务性场合，如在校园内、在办公室里、在家中等，这需要我们对相关环境及 其用语都熟悉才行，了解相

40、关背景，注意观察牛活是非常关键的。涉及此类题的常见提问句型 有：where are the two people?where did this conversation probably take place?where is this conversation most probably taking place?地点场合考点提醒：on campus; in the library; in the bank; in the post office; in the hotel; in the hospital/clinic; in the railway station; in the mus

41、eum; in the store/supermarket 例：w: can i help you, sir?m: can you show me the way to gate 9 for flight 901 to hong kong? i am quite confused here.q: where does the conversation most probably take place?解析：答案为“at the airport”。根据女士的“can i help you, sir?” 口j以模糊判断出她的身份为 服务性人员。文中的关键词为“flight”和“gate”。了解乘坐

42、飞机的程序会对理解这一场合有很 大的帮助。3、身份关系题首先我们同样可以根据并列关系的选项预测出题目。此类题目的选项形式通常为：a. teacher and student; b. doctor and patient; c. boss and officer; d. husband and wife 等。我们可以将各种人物关系分成平行关系和上下级关系两大类。 type 1:平行关系听内容。平行关系：夫妻之间；同学之间；同事之间；朋友之间等。特定场景与关系决定了说话人之间谈话的内容必然暴露其身份。type 2：上下级关系听语气。上下级关系：父子之间；师生之间；主客之间；雇主雇员之间；医生患者之

43、间；房东房客 之间；顾客服务员之间等。不同的关系和地位决定了说话人的态度、语调、措辞、习惯用语等都是有所 不同的，这些也是我们推断人物关系的基础。如上级对下属的命令语气、老 师对学生的说教语气等。身份关系题考点提醒：teacher/professor 一 studenthusband 一 wifeniother/father 一 sonclassmates/schoolmatescolleaguesfriendsemployer 一 employeedoctor 一 patientcustomer 一 waiter/waitress/salesgirlhost/hostess 一 guestl

44、andlord 一 tenant例：w: m匚 watson, i wonder whether it5s possible for me to take a vacation early next morning?m: did you fill out a request form?q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?解析：答案为umanager and office worker是上下级关系中的雇主与雇员的关系。从女士询问 的口吻来看，措辞客气，语调柔缓，分别用了 t wonder.; whether

45、it，s possible”等委婉询问的 用语。势士的回答中没有多余的缓和语气的用词，比较直截了当、就事论事。涉及此类题的常见提问句型有：what9s the probable relationship between the (two) speakers?what9s the probable relationship between jim and bob?what's sb's job?4、排序事件题排序事件题主要分为两大类：一类是事实细节排序题；另一类是时态事件排序题。type 1:细节排序，不考末位。事实细节排序题是将多个细节进行简单排序，比如原文可能会依次给出某人一

46、星期的行程 表，周一做了什么，周二有什么活动，周三又有何安排。此类题一般有三个以上的并列事件， 而r通常不会就最后一个陈述事件提问。例：w: here is this week's schedule, tony. on monday, there is the board meeting. your speech to the lion's club is on tuesday afternoon. then on wednesday you have an appointment with your lawyer and .m: wait, you mean the busi

47、ness conference on tuesday is cancelled?q: what will the man do this tuesday?解析：通过对开篇“week's schedule”信息点的把握，我们就应当能够预测到接下来的信息将很 有可能是跟具体每一天的行程有关的。因此在听时要把握好信息点的记录，同时在做这类题时 也切记对话过程中是否有行程改动的信息点。本题就是一个典型例题，原定在周二应当开会， 但是行程改为了做演讲。type 2：吋态排序，选项入手。另一大类是时态事件排序题。我们可以根据选项预测出所问时态。同一对话中出现多种时 态，根据动词的时态形式和时间状语

48、等，推断出哪些为过去的事实或动作，哪些为现在的和将 来的。再根据问题所体现出的时态，筛选相应信息，对号入座。比如选项为：a. signed his nameb. wrote the paperc. checked the paper d. longed for signing四个动词都为过去式，很明显本题是要我们推测过去时间内发生的事情，那我们就要重点 关注原文中使用过去时态的地方。例1：w: frank, i thought you were working in new york.m: i was, but fve moved back. i just couldn't get u

49、sed to living in a big city. so here i am back at school, taking courses for a teacher certificate.q: what is frank planning to do?a. move to a big city.b. become a teache匚c. go back to school.d. work in new york.解析：答案bo对话中出现了过去吋、完成吋、现在吋多种吋态。根据选项，可排除过去吋和 完成时为所问时态，只需关注“目前在学校上课”，“将来会成为老师”，再根据问题“fnink计

50、 划做什么”对号入座即可。例2：m: how do you like the new physician who replaced dr. andrews?w: he may not seem as agreeable or as thorough as de andrews, but at least he doesn't keep patients waiting for hours.q: what can we infer from the woman's answer?a. dr. andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.b. she disagrees with dr. andrews on many occasions.c. dr. andrews used to keep his patients waiting.d. she dislikes d匚 andrews as m