直接引语转换成间接引语的规则

1、直接引语转换成间接引语的规则引述或转述别人的话称为 “引语” 。 直接引用别人的原话， 叫做直接引语， 用自己的语言转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语用引号标出，而间接引语不需要引号。直接引语为陈述句。一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，和祈使句，转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间状语和地点状语都有变化。1. 人称的转变直接引语转化成间接引语时，人称要根据情况作必要的变化。she said, “i am very sorry.”- she said that she was very sorry. “you should be more careful next time, ” my fat

2、her told me. - my father told me that i should be more careful the next time. he said to his son, “i ll check your homework tonight.”- he said to his son that he would check his homework that night. 2. 时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分） 的谓语动词在时态方面要做出相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 （实际也是宾语从句的时态要求） 。时态的变化例

3、句直 接 引 语中的时态转换 成间接引语后的时态直接引语间接引语一 般 现 在时一般 过去时he said, “i am afraid i cant go.” he said that he was afraid he couldn t go. 现 在 进 行时过去 进行时he said, “i am reading now. ”he aid that he was reading then. 现 在 完 成时过去 完成时he said, “i have not heard from her since july ”he said that he had not heard from her

4、since july. 一 般 过 去过去 完成“ why did he refuse to go there? ” the teacher asked why 时时the teacher asked. she had refused to go there. 一 般 将 来时过去 将来时he asked the conductor, where shall i get off to change a no.3 bus? ”he asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a no.3 bus. 过 去 完 成时不变mothe

5、r asked me, “ had you finished your homework before you watched tv?”mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv. 过 去 进 行时不变tom said, “ we were having a football match this time yesterday. tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. 3.时间状语，地点状语

6、及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化。时间状语电、 地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化例句直接引语中转换成间接引语直接引语间 接 引 语 直 接 引语this that he said, “i llcome this evening.”he said that he would go that evening. these those she said, “ these books belong too me.”she said that those books belonged to me. now then he said, “ it s time to go now.”he sai

7、d that it was time to go than. today that day he said. “i have he said that he had had two meetings today.”had two meetings today. yesterday the day before he said, “iwent there yesterday. ”he said that he had gone there the day before. last thebefore he said, “i saw her last week.”he said that he h

8、ad seen her the week before. tomorrow the next day he said, “i will go there tomorrow.”he said that he would go there the next day. here there he said, “i was here three days ago.”he said that he had been there three days before. bring take he said, “i will bring my son here next time.”he said that

9、he would take his son there the next time. come go he said, “i will come this afternoon.”he said that he would go that afternoon. 4. 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况。1）直接引语表述的是客观事实。科学真理和格言时，例如：the teacher said “the earth moves round the sun. ”- the teacher said that the earth moves round the sun. he said, “p

10、ractice makes perfect. ”- he said that practice makes perfect. 2) 主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。例如：he often says, “i will never forget you.”- he often says he will never forget me. he will say, “i have done my best .”- he will say that he has done his best. 3) 在同一时间范围内转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。例如：li p

11、ing said to me,“ i was late for school yesterday. ”- li ping told me that she was late for school yesterday.( 转述时间仍在当天 ) tom: i have been there before. lily: what did tom say? jin: tom said that he has been there before. 4) 直接引语中含有when, since, while 等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，变间接引语时，从句的时态不便，例如“she said , “i we

12、nt there when i was six years old.”- she said she had gone there when she was six years old. 5) 直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，例如：he said, “i went to college in 1994. ”- he told us that he went to college in 1994. 6) 直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时。例如：he said, “when i was a child, i usually played football af

13、ter school . ”- he said when he was a child; he usually played football after school. 7) 直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must. used to, ought to, had better 等动词时，例如：she said, “we should help each other. ”- she said we should help each other. 5. 间接引语的命令，请求，劝告直接命令，he said, “ sit down, tom.”间接命令。he tol

14、d tom to sit down. 间接命令，请求及劝告的常用句式为：“ 表示命令，请求，劝告的动词+宾语+不定式” 。根据语境，可选用下列动词：advise, ask, invite, beg, implore, command, encourage, treat, forbid, order, recommend, remind, request, tell. urge, warm ,etc. he said, “get your coat, tom!”he told tom to get his coat. “you had better hurry, bill!” she said.

15、 she advised bill to hurry. 2) 否定意义的命令，请求等通常用 not+ 不定式转述。“ don t play in the street, boys. ” i said. i warned /told the boys not to play in the street. “dont play in the street, boys, ” i said. - i warned /told the boys not to play in the street. 3) 表示间接命令、请求及劝告：表示要求和忠告可用于多种方法来表示。如：“if i were you, i d stop talking that medicine. ” i said. - i advised him to stop taking that medicine. “why dont you take off your coat?” he said. - he advised me to take