人教版英语八年级下册U8

1、会计学1人教版英语八年级下册人教版英语八年级下册U8一一. . 用法用法1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到 现在的动作或状态。现在的动作或状态。They have lived here since 1996.二二. 现在完成时的构成及句式转换现在完成时的构成及句式转换现在完成时由现在完成时由“助动词助动词 have /

2、 has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成。构成。1. 肯定句肯定句: 主语主语 + have / has + 过去分词过去分词 + 其他其他2. 否定句否定句: 主语主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词过去分词 + 其他其他3. 一疑句一疑句: have / has + 主语主语 + 过去分词过去分词+ 其他其他haventhasnt动词动词过去分词过去分词的变化和的变化和过去式过去式的变化的变化类似，分类似，分规则规则变化和变化和不规则不规则变化两种。变化两种。三三. 动词过去分词的变化规则动词过去分词的变化规则1. 不规则变化不规则变化 （课本（课本137、13

3、8页）页）begin-began-begun let-let-letknow-knew-known eat-ate-eatenstand-stood-stood come-came-come 2. 规则变化规则变化 1). 一般在动词词尾直接加一般在动词词尾直接加ed。 pick picked picked wish wished wished stay stayed stayed 2). 以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加结尾的动词后面加d。 like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3). 以以“辅音字母辅音字母 +

4、y”结尾的动词，结尾的动词， 变变y为为i，再加，再加-ed。 study studied studied hurry hurried hurried reply replied replied4). 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 动词，要双写辅音字母，再加动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。 stop stopped stopped clap clapped clapped四四. 现在完成时的标志词现在完成时的标志词1. 常与常与 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用等连用,强调动作的完成，强

5、调动作的完成， 不强调动作的持续。不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.He has already taught me some English.四四. 现在完成时的标志词现在完成时的标志词2. for + 时间段时间段, since + 时间点时间点 , since + 时间段时间段 ago, since + 一般过去时的句子一般过去时的句子。They have stayed there since 1997.I have learned English for six years.He

6、has lived here since he was a child.She has worked here since two years ago.1._ two years since和和for填空填空 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday6._ 5 oclock7._ 4 hours8._ 2 minutes ago9._ we were children10._ she left here五五. already和和yet用法用法 already “已经已经”,一般用于一般用于肯定句中肯定句中, 放放have/has后

7、后，过去分词过去分词前前或或句尾句尾。 I have already read the book. Some visitors have come already. already用于用于疑问句疑问句中时通常中时通常表示惊奇表示惊奇。 Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it. yet 用于用于疑问句疑问句中意为中意为“已经已经”，用来询问，用来询问 说话人期望发生的说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生事情是否已经发生； 用于用于否定句否定句中，意为中，意为“还还”，表示说话人，表示说话人 期望发生的期望发生的事情尚未发生

8、事情尚未发生。yet 通常放在通常放在句尾句尾。 Have you seen her yet? I havent found my pen yet. already与与yet的转换的转换 含含already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句 时时, 要把要把 already 变变为为 yet, 并放于并放于句尾句尾。 I have already read the book. I havent read the book yet. Have you read the book yet?1.He has already gone home.2. I have read this

9、 book before.3. They have cooked dinner already.4. I have just finished my homework.5. Mary has closed the window already.1. Have you ever _(take) a train? 2. I _(have) my lunch and Im not hungry now.3. We _(be) good friends since we met at school.4. We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he_ (go) home.

10、5. He _(read) the book before.6. Mr. Green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.takenhave hadhave beenhas gonehas readhas taughtLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Alice in WonderlandLittle WomenLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Treasure IslandTom Sawyer

11、Look at the pictures. Have you read these books? Oliver TwistRobinson CrusoeHave you heard of these books? Check () the ones you know. 1a _ Alice in Wonderland _ Little Women _ Treasure Island _ Olive Twist _ Robinson Crusoe _ Tom Sawyer Book Title NameHave they read it?What do they think of it? Nic

12、k Judy Sandy Alan Kate HarryNoYesYesNoYesNoIts exciting.Its wonderful.Its fantastic.Listen and complete the chart.Treasure IslandRobinson CrusoeLittle women1b A: Have you read Little Women yet? B: No, I havent. Have you? A: Yes, I have already read it. B: Whats it like? A: Its fantastic.Practice the

13、 conversation. Then talk about the other books in 1a.1c2aListen again and write T for true and F for false.2bFFTT be full of sth 装满了装满了The bottle is full of water. Use the information in 2a and 2b to talk about the books.2cRole-play conversation.2d A: Steve, have you decided yet which book to write

14、about for English class? S: Yes, Little Women. Ive already finished reading it! A: Wow, youre fast! Whats it about？ S: Its about four sisters growing up. It was really good, so I couldnt put it down. Which book did you choose? A: I chose Treasure Island, but I havent finished reading it yet. Im only

15、 on page 25. S: Have you at least read the back of the book to see what its about? A: Yes, I have. It looks interesting. S: You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks. A: Yes, I know. Ill read quickly. 1. (be) due to do 预计做预计做 The guests are due to arrive very soon. 2. due to + 代词代词/名词

16、名词, “因为因为,由于由于” He didnt come here due to his illness. 1. in a hurry 介词短语，介词短语， 匆匆忙忙地匆匆忙忙地 She always has breakfast in a hurry. 2. no hurry, “不忙，不必着急不忙，不必着急” There is no hurry, so do it slowly. 鲁滨逊漂流记鲁滨逊漂流记由由英国英国作家作家丹尼尔丹尼尔笛福笛福所所著。它是一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险著。它是一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险小说。作者受一个苏格兰水手海上遇险的经历启小说。作者受一个苏

17、格兰水手海上遇险的经历启发写成的。发写成的。 小说分三部分：第一部分写鲁滨逊初出茅庐小说分三部分：第一部分写鲁滨逊初出茅庐，最初三次航海的经过及其在巴西经营种植园的，最初三次航海的经过及其在巴西经营种植园的情况；第二部分详细描述了主人公流落荒岛，独情况；第二部分详细描述了主人公流落荒岛，独居居28年的种种情景；第三部分简要交代了鲁滨逊年的种种情景；第三部分简要交代了鲁滨逊回国后的命运及这个海岛未来的发展趋向。回国后的命运及这个海岛未来的发展趋向。3aWhen I first arrived on this island, I had nothing. But Ive found the shi

18、p and made a small boat. Ive brought back many things I can use food and drink, tools, knives and guns. Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship. I have already cut down trees and built a house. I go out with my gun almost every

19、 day to kill animals and birds for food. Im even learning to grow fruit and vegetables.A few weeks ago, I found the marks of another mans feet on the sand. Who else is on my island? How long have they been here? Not long after that, I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship. One

20、 of them died but the other ran towards my house. I helped him kill the cannibals. This man now lives with me and helps me. I named him Friday because that was the day I met him. He is smart and I have already taught him some English.He waits for another ship.Because he meets him on a Friday.gunsshi

21、pislandknivesmarks3bCorrect the sentences.1. Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food and drink.2. Friday made a small boat.3. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island. nothing.Robinson made a small boat.Robinson had nothing when he first arrived on the isla

22、nd. 3c4. Robinson used the ship to build a house.5. Friday saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.6. Robinson tried to kill the two men.cut down trees to build a house.Robinson saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.Some cannibals tried to kill the two men.Grammar Focus Have you

23、read Little Women yet? Yes, I have. /No, I havent. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet？ Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet? Yes, I have. I have already finished reading it. It was really good.1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _.

24、 ( just / drink some tea )2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? ( find ) B: No, not yet.Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.Ive just drunk some teaHave you found it yet4aHe has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the filmhavent told them yetloveshasread4bFill in the blanks

25、 with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.finishedwill writehasnt readwill beComplete the chart with information about you and your friend. A: What books have you already read? B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter. A: What do you think of them? B: Well, I think Harry Potter

26、was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.4cYouYour friendComments Books I have already read Movies I have already seen Songs I have already heardComplete the chart with information about you and your friend.4cWho is your favorite singer or musician?Why do you like him or her? 1aclassical 通常是指通常

27、是指古典音乐，古典音古典音乐，古典音乐是起源于二战以乐是起源于二战以前欧洲所流行的音前欧洲所流行的音乐，流行于德国，乐，流行于德国，法国，包括小夜曲法国，包括小夜曲，交响乐，钢琴曲，交响乐，钢琴曲，协奏曲，小提琴，协奏曲，小提琴曲，四重奏等。曲，四重奏等。Classical musicpop music 是指流是指流行音乐。二战过后行音乐。二战过后大部分的音乐是流大部分的音乐是流行歌曲，包括爵士行歌曲，包括爵士乐，嘻哈音乐，摇乐，嘻哈音乐，摇滚乐，蓝调音乐，滚乐，蓝调音乐，自然派音乐，绕舌自然派音乐，绕舌音乐，轻音乐，民音乐，轻音乐，民谣等。谣等。 Pop musicrock bandrock

28、 band乡村音乐，一种具有美国乡村音乐，一种具有美国民族特色的流行音乐，于民族特色的流行音乐，于20世纪世纪20年代兴起于美国年代兴起于美国南部。乡村音乐的特点是南部。乡村音乐的特点是曲调简单，节奏平稳，带曲调简单，节奏平稳，带有叙事性，具有较浓的乡有叙事性，具有较浓的乡土气息。美国歌坛天后土气息。美国歌坛天后Taylor Swift是现代乡是现代乡村音乐的代表人物。她曾获得村音乐的代表人物。她曾获得7座格莱美奖座格莱美奖，乡村音乐巅峰奖（乡村音乐史上只有，乡村音乐巅峰奖（乡村音乐史上只有Taylor Swift 与与 Garth Brooks 获得此奖）获得此奖）加斯加斯布鲁克斯布鲁克斯(

29、1962.2.7)是二十世纪九十年代以来最是二十世纪九十年代以来最重要的乡村歌手，重要的乡村歌手，RIAA认认证为美国最畅销的艺人之一证为美国最畅销的艺人之一，仅次于披头士和猫王，位，仅次于披头士和猫王，位列第三位。截止列第三位。截止2013年底共年底共发行发行19张专辑，其中张专辑，其中9张为张为冠军专辑，冠军专辑，6张获钻石唱片张获钻石唱片认证（认证（RIAA），全美唱片），全美唱片销量近销量近7000万张，全球销量万张，全球销量达过达过2亿张，亿张，2012年选入乡年选入乡村音乐名人堂。村音乐名人堂。 Garth Brooks DDDAListen to a conversation b

30、etween Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion.1b Band name Country Number of people in the bandThe TomsThe United StatesFiveListen again and take notes.1c kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Dave:Pop, but sounds more like rock The music is lo

31、ud and full of energy. He feels excited when he listens to their music. He thinks that listening to their music every morning will wake him up and make him happy for the rest of the day.Ask your friends and parents what kind of music they listen to and why. How does the music make them feel?1dWhat k

32、ind of music?Why do they listen to it?How does it make them feel?Friend 1Friend 2Parents 1. Do you have a favorite singer or band? 2. Do you have a favorite song? 3. What facts do you know about your favorite singer, band or song?2a While reading, make notes or underline the main ideas in the text.

33、After reading, write a short summary in your own words. This can help you better understand the text.2bFirst paragraphWho is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US.She likes country music.2cSe

34、cond paragraphWhat is country music?It is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America.What is country music about?Its about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.Third paragraphWhat is Sarahs dream?Her dream is t

35、o go Nashville one day.Who is Garth Brooks?Garth is a famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. A Country Music Song Changed Her Life Forever When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. But five years ago, while she was studying abroad

36、 in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio. It made Sarah think about her family and friends back in the US. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music.Country is a traditional kind

37、 of music from the southern states of America. Nashville, Tennessee is the home of country music. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. However, country music brings us back to the “good old days”

38、when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. It reminds us that the best things in life are free laughter, friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside.Sarah hasnt been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day. She has already read a lot about the pl

39、ace and done some research on it. She knows that there is a Country Music Hall of Fame Museum in Nashville. There are also always a lot of great country music concerts with famous musicians and singers, like Garth Brooks. Sarah has already listened to most of his songs. “Garth is one of the most suc

40、cessful musicians in American history. Hes sold more than 120 million records. I hope to see him sing live one day.”southern states of America a traditional kind of musicA famous country music place in Nashville: _A famous country music singer: _The number of records he has sold: _Country Music Hall

41、 of Fame MuseumGarth Brooks more than 120 millionFirst paragraphWho is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US.She likes country music.2cSecond paragraphWhat is country music?It is a traditiona

42、l kind of music from the southern states of America.What is country music about?Its about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.Third paragraphWhat is Sarahs dream?Her dream is to go Nashville one day.Who is Garth Brooks?Garth is a

43、famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. Use the notes you made in 2c to write a short summary of the passage. Write no more than 100 words.2dSarahs dream is to go to Nashville because Garth Brooks is there. She likes to listen to his songs. Garth is one of the most successf

44、ul musicians in American history. Close your book. What facts can you remember about country music? Tell a partner. What other facts would you like to know about country music? Make a list of questions.2e3aThink of a singer or writer you know well. Make a list of facts of him / her. Think of the fol

45、lowing:Write an article about the singer or writer. Here are some words and phrases you can use.3b 1. What do you think _ this dress? Do you think it looks good on me? 2. The little boy was so hungry that he didnt put his spoon _ at all. He just kept on eating. down of about back upofdown1. Fill in

46、the blanks with the correct words in the box.aboutbackup down of about back up 1. I _ ( join ) the book club last month and I _ ( read ) five books already. 2. I only _ ( start ) taking French classes last week and I _ ( learn ) 50 French words already.joinedhave readstartedhave learned2. Fill in th

47、e blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. 3. Tony _ ( buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he _ ( listen ) to it yet. 4. They _ ( listen ) to many songs by The Beatles, but they cannot _ ( sing ) any of them. 5. She _ ( see ) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she _ ( have ) a

48、nytime to read it yet. have listenedsingsawhasnt hadboughthasnt listened3. Make a list of the things you have done and the ones you havent done yet this week. Then ask two other students. you(students name)(students name) Things I have done science homework, Things I havent done动词动词过去分词过去分词的变化和的变化和过

49、去式过去式的变化的变化类似，分类似，分规则规则变化和变化和不规则不规则变化两种。变化两种。三三. 动词过去分词的变化规则动词过去分词的变化规则1. 不规则变化不规则变化 （课本（课本137、138页）页）begin-began-begun let-let-letknow-knew-known eat-ate-eatenstand-stood-stood come-came-comeLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Alice in WonderlandLittle Womenpop music 是指流是指流行音乐。二战过后行音乐。二战过后大部分的音乐是流大部分的音乐是流行歌曲，包括爵士行歌曲，包括爵士乐，嘻哈音乐，摇乐，嘻哈音乐，摇滚乐，蓝调音乐，滚乐，蓝调音乐，自然派音乐，绕舌自然派音乐，绕舌音乐，轻音乐，民音乐，轻音乐，民谣等。谣等。 Pop music kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Da