美语发音视频教程完整版-笔记汇总（精编版）

1、. . . . 1 / 21 pronunciation workshop instructor：paul gruber introduction：（01：17-02 ：27）when you learned english as a second language, you kept many of the sounds and speech rules from your first language and you were continuing to use them when you speak english. this is what gives you an accent. y

2、ou were using the sounds and speech rules from your native language instead of the sounds and speech rules of english. this program will show you and train you on how to use these sounds and speech rules correctly and showing you how to correctly form new sounds by changing the position of your tong

3、ue or changing the shape of your lips. these small changes are going to make very big changes in your speech. how to practice（02：35-03 ：15）speak slowly use a loud voice exaggerate your mouth movements what would you be doing is retraining the muscles of your mouth in your tongue to move in new ways,

4、 which will produce a new pronunciation patterns. these new speech patterns will slowly and eventually involve into your own spontaneous fast speech, but it is important that you start out going very slow. the key to success（03：15-05 ：15）being aware of your errors recognizing mistakes when you hear

5、them when most americans speak you will notice that we seem to open our mouth a lot and there is a great amount of mouth movements. arrangement of this program（05：15-05 ：45）during the course of this program, i will begin by addressing consonant sounds and then later on well work with vowel sounds. n

6、ow vowel sounds, as you know, are a e i o and u, like ahh, ohh, eee, ehh, ihh and ooo. and consonant sounds are basically all the other letters sounds, like b, ch, s, t, f, g, sh, w and of course, there are many many more sounds. session one （05：55-22:34 ）. . . . 2 / 21 1. consonant r 2. consonant w

7、 r tips （07：07-09 ：00）mouth and lips come tightly forward as if you would be saying the oo sound. tongue moves back. now one way of checking if youre doing this correctly with your tongue is by actually putting your finger around an inch into your mouth while saying an r sound. you should be able to

8、 take the tip of your finger and feel the tip of your tongue. practice (09:00-12:34) r at the beginning of words (like rock rain) bringing your mouth forward and pulling your tongue back. r at the end of words or after a vowel (like car far air poor) your tongue hasta pull back and also your lips cl

9、ose a little bit in the front. the r needs to be very strong and you need to close the word. r in the middle of words(like very arrange everyone) your tongue is back and your lips are coming all the way forward. r blends (12:34-14:10) the r is always the strongest sound of the blend.your lips come f

10、orward before you even say the word. when the blend is at the beginning of a word, your mouth prepares for the r, by coming forward before you even say the word. r blends at the beginning of words(training trust)r blends in the middle of words（subtract waitress）w tips （similar to r）(15:34-17:42) pra

11、ctice first with oo. then go into ooooowawawa. remember, a w is always makes a w sound. it never makes a v sound. remember, the w sound is also at the beginning of the words one and once. practice(17:43-19:24) . . . . 3 / 21 w at the beginning of words（like why which ）w in the middle of words（like a

12、lways away）don t forget to bring your mouth forward at the beginning of each word. q sounds (q=kw) (19:24-20:18) for example, the word quick is pronounced with the k and the strong w sound. kwick, like that. session two (22:50-44:25) 1. voicing 2. consonant pairs 3. consonant s 4. consonant z voicin

13、g voicingis when your vocal cords are vibrating in your throat, producing a sound. all vowels are voiced. some consonants are voiced, some are not. (24:35-26:23) paired consonants: (26:23-29:11) p&b t&d f&v sh&zsh k&g s&z consonant s & consonant z :(29:11-30:00) the s con

14、sonant, made with the air going through your front teeth. /s/ the s sound is unvoiced.you just add voicing. what would the s sound become /s/-/z/. it will become a z sound/z/. so s has no voicing /s/, z has voicing/z/. so we say the s sound and z sound are also pair consonants. and this brings us to

15、 what i would like to cover today-s sounds/s/, z sounds /z/and how they work in terms of word endings. three rules for s&z endings (30:11-38:27) rule 1if the last sound in a word is unvoiced, and youre adding an s, well, then the s remains unvoiced, too.examples: 1 cup, 2 cups (the p in cup is u

16、nvoiced, so you just add an unvoiced s) i break, he breaks rule 2. . . . 4 / 21 if a word ends in any of these sounds: s, z, sh, ch, or dg (j), when adding an s ending, add izzzzzzexamples: 1 page 2 pages i raise, he raises rule 3if a word ends in a vowel sound (like the word tree) or a voiced conso

17、nant (like the word game), then when you add an s, continue the voicing throughout the entire word, and it should become a voiced zzzz.examples: 1 tree, 2 treezzzz (correctly spelled trees) 1 day, 2 days i fly, he flies some common words where s s are pronounced as zs(38:27-39:50) is his as was thes

18、e those easy because session three (44:41-61:15) 1. the unvoiced th sound 2. the voiced th sound 3. thr blends 4. voicing the t sound the unvoiced th sound (46:55-49:53) flat tongue protruding through your teeth. maintain a steady air stream. stretch out the th sound.example: think of the word thumb

19、 as having two beats th . umb 1 2 unvoiced th at the beginning of words(thanks thick) unvoiced th at the middle of words(anything bathmat) unvoiced th at the end of words(bath north) the voiced th sound (49:53-53:05) . . . . 5 / 21 to make a voiced th sound e , you just need to add voicing to the un

20、voiced th sound. theres the voiced th. you should be able to feel the strong vibration in your throat and on your tonguee .voiced th at the beginning of words (the that) voiced th in the middle of words (clothing mother) voiced th at the end of words (smooth bathe) thr blends: the combination of th

21、sound and the r sound (55:18-56:30) be aware that the r is the strongest sound of the blend and its louder than the th.so when you say a word which begins with thr. first make the th sound and then strongly push out the r.(thread throw)th exceptions (58:20-60:47) although the following words are spe

22、lled with a th , they are pronounced as a t.thomas thompson theresa thailand thames esther thyme voicing the t sound if a t falls within two voiced sounds (usually vowels), the t becomes voiced like a d.examples: water wader (the whole word is voiced) better bedder butter budder voiced t practice be

23、tty bought a bit of better butter. but, said she, this butters bitter. if i put it in my batter, itll make my batter bitter. session four(61:28-80:21)1. consonant f2. consonant v3. the unvoiced sh sound4. the voiced sh soundconsonants f and v(62:40-63:39) consonants f and v are produced with contact

24、 of your upper teeth and lower lip. think of it as biting your lower lip. maintain a steady air stream. . . . . 6 / 21 they are both identical, except the f is unvoiced, and the v is voiced. fs and vs are friction sounds and not that loud. so we stretch these sounds out a little bit, so they can be

25、clearly heard. practice f and v(63:40-72:46) the of exception not of. but ov. the unvoiced sh sound (72:48-73:36) to make the unvoiced sh sound, bring your mouth and lips forward, teeth should be slightly apart. produce air stream. words beginning with sh begin with this sound. (so are the words sug

26、ar, sure, chef and chicago.) sh practice (73:36-76:29) the voiced sh sound ? (76:29-77:00) the voiced sh sound is exactly like the sh except voicing is added. to produce this sound, first make a ? sound and then you add voicing ? - ? -, like that. ? . now, for some people this may take a little bit

27、of practice, you should feel the vibrations right here in your throat ? . sh practice (77:00-78:31) usual(u zshual)put your hand on your throat and feel for the vibration in the second syllable u-zshu-al. session five (80:25-93:20) 1. consonant l l tips: (81:05-83:05) your bottom jaw should be down

28、and your mouth should be wide open.your tongue should rise up (independently of your jaw) and touch right behind your top teeth.produce the l sound by dropping and relaxing your tongue.practice “la, la, la”, keeping your bottom jaw lowered and open while only raising your tongue. . . . 7 / 21 practi

29、ce(83:05-87:48) to produce an l at the end of a word, remember to slowly raise your tongue upward, towards your upper teeth, while keeping your bottom jaw as open as possible. the l sound comes from the tongue movement, not from the placement.(using your finger to push down on your bottom teeth to k

30、eep your jaw open, may be helpful for practicing.) fl blend (87:48-89:05) here we re combining two sounds that we have already covered. the f sound and now the l sound. don t forget to first bite your lips for that f/f/, like that and then quickly push your tongue up and against your teeth for the l

31、 to creat the fl blend fly comparing r and l(90:52-92:12) keep in mind when you re producing an l, your tongue moves forward and up behind your tip. when you re producing an r sound, your lips move forward but your tongue moves all the way back. basically, the l and the r are completely opposite sou

32、nds. l and r combinations (92:12-93:02) these words and phrases having an l sound and an r sound right next to each other. this forces you to make a clear l and then roll it right into a strong r. example: seal ring session six(93:30-106:35)1.word endings often people who speak english as a second l

33、anguage drop the endings or final sounds off their words, well, they do not pronunce the final sounds correctly. make sure that the final sounds in your words come through clearly and fully. don t drop off or shorten the endings!(94:12- 95:50) practice p/b/t/d ending(95:50-98:48) three rules for ed

34、endings(98:48-103:10) . . . . 8 / 21 many verbs that are in the past tense end in ed. rule 1if a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, when adding ed, just add an unvoiced texample: jump jumped. (pronounced jump t)rule 2if a word ends in a voiced consonant, add a voiced dexample: rub rubbed today i ru

35、b, yesterday i rubbed. (pronounced rub-d) rule 3if a word ends in a t or a d sound, we add a voiced idexample: lift lifted today, i lift the ball. yesterday, i lifted the ball. three nasal sounds: m n ng(104:09-106:15) try to say the m sound /m/ while closing off your nose. you see you can not do it

36、. because the m sound comes out of your nose. its the nasal sound.same thing with the ng sound- ? - comes out of your nose. its a combination of a n and a g and it s found at the ends of words, like ring and sing. and i want you to realize that theres not a /k/ k sound.session seven (106.48-118:02)

37、1. ch sound ? 2. the american j sound (dg) 3. consonant h ch sound and j sound (107:37-109:24) ch unvoiced as in ch-ur-ch, it s a combination of the t sound/t/ and the sh sound ? . when you put these two sounds together, you get a ? . it s an unvoiced sound.american j voiced as in j-u-dge, if you ta

38、ke this ch sound and you keep everything in your mouth the same, you just add voicing. it becomes an american j sound ? . ch ? , unvoiced. j, voiced. practice(109:24-113:20) . . . . 9 / 21 consonant h (113:28-114:12) when an h is at the beginning of a word it is pronounced with a strong, loud air-st

39、ream. practice: ha. ha ha.put your hand in front of your mouth for this exercise. you should be able to feel the airstream come out onto the palm of your hand. note that some words in english that begin with the letter w are also pronunced just like an h practice (114:12-117:09) session eight (118:1

40、4-129:48) 1. american english vowels 2. vowel ee 3. vowel i american english vowels (118:47-120:18) there are five vowel letters in english: a e i o and u. but there are around 15 vowel sounds and some vowels have as many as 10 different spellings. vowel sounds are made by slightly changing the size

41、, shape and the tension of the muscle in your mouth, your tongue and your lips. a small change can produce an entirely different sound. instead of giving you diagrams of tongue placement-how round your lips should be or how far you should open your mouth. i believe the best way to learn american vow

42、els is by ear training. listen carefully and repeat. to help teach you the american vowel sounds, i ll separate them to two groups: front vowels and back vowels. when your ton gue rises up in the front, it s a front vowel. when your tongue rises up in the back, it s a back vowelfront vowels: (from h

43、igh to low)(120:18-123:50) ee - i - ae - eh a i: i ei e ? ee as in heat i as in hit ae as in hate eh as in het (nonsense word). . . . 10 / 21 a as in hat heat - hate - het - hat back vowels: (from high to low)(121:45-122:59) oo - uh - oh - aw - ah u: u ? ? ? oo as in boot uh as in book oh as in boat

44、 aw as in bought ah as in bot(nonsense word)boot - book - boat - bought bot comparing heat (ee) and hit (i)(122:59-129:42) remember: heat is high. hit is lower.ee vowel sound remember, smile and think high.i vowel sound session nine(130:00-144:42)1. vowel ow 2. vowel ae vowel o (131:10-132:45) the h

45、idden w: owe, owe, owe, owe, owe woke and wont(134:51-137:50) practice: wowowowowowoke ： whoa（w ） +kwont ： whoa（w ）+nt vowel ae (137:50-138:22) this sound is a combination of two vowel sounds. you start with an a and then you glide up to an e. ae, a e. notice how my mouth also closes a little bit at

46、 the end of the vowel ae. the 50 united states (stressed sounds are in bold)(140:35-144:25) alabama alaska arizona arkansas california . . . . 11 / 21 colorado connecticut delaware florida georgia hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minn

47、esota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new hampshire new jersey new mexico new york north carolina north dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode island south carolina south dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west virginia wisconsin wyoming session ten(144:52-1

48、54:18)1. vowel oo 2. vowel uh 3. vowel eh oo vowel sound(146:08-146:37) bring your lips tight and forward double oo words that are pronounced as uh(148:18-149:19)food has a high vowel (oo) foot has a lower vowel (uh) eh vowel sounds(151:51-152:12) it s made with the front of the tongue low.session e

49、leven(154:29-163:09)1. vowel a as in hat 2. vowel au as in out 3. vowel ah as in top a vowel sound(155:20-155:49) your mouth has to be wide open. . . . . 12 / 21 au vowel sound(156:47-158:34)this is an important sound! if mispronounced, it can often make you misunderstood.begin this sound with the a

50、 sound as in hatthen, slide your mouth forward to form a small w sound.example: downtown. da wn ta wn downtown downtown are vs our(159:59-161:02) are(close with strong r sound, tongue retracts back.)are you going? our(begin with the au sound (a as in hat), then close your mouth and say were.)our mee

51、ting is in one hour. pronounced as au-were (the word hour is also pronounced the same way).session twelve(163:21-176:42)1. tongue twisters f, w, voiced z(164:49-165:46) fuzzy wuzzy was a bear, fuzzy wuzzy had no hair. fuzzy wuzzy wasn t fuzzy, was he?voiced v (165:46-166:18) vincent vowed vengeance

52、very viciously. p (166:18-167:33) peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. a peck of pickled peppers peter piper picked. if peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many peppers did peter piper pick? sh, s and z(167:33-168:49) she sells seashells by the seashore. the shells she sells a

53、re surely seashells. so if she sells shells on the seashore, i m sure she sells seashore shells. . . . . 13 / 21 w, ch, and final consonants(168:49-169:54) how much wood, would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? he would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood a

54、s a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood. w(169:54-171:31) which witch, wished which wicked wish? while we were walking, we were watching window washers wash washingtons windows with warm washing water. if two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch? r(171:31-

55、172:05) roberta ran rings around the roman ruins. b, br, and bl blends(172:05-172:39) bradley s big black bath brush broke.bradley s big black bath brush broke.th(172:39-174:15) tom threw tim thirteen thumbtacks. he threw three free throws. there are thirty-three thousand birthdays on the third of e

56、very month. the father gathered smooth feathers for thanksgiving. the sixth graders are enthusiastic about jonathans birthday.gr, and gl blends(174:15-174:44) green glass globes glow greenly. l, oo vowel(174:44-175:20) aluminum linoleum, aluminum linoleum, aluminum linoleum, won t(175:20-175:58) i w

57、ould if i could! but i cant, so i wont!. . . . 14 / 21 woke(175:58-176:31) i woke, he woke, she woke, they woke. we all woke up. session thirteen(176:53-190:10)1. phrase reductions 2. intonation phrase phrase reductions(177:37-181:42) phrase reductions: in conversational english, words are often bro

58、ken down or not fully pronunciated. two and three words are sometimes squeezed together to creat easy-to-say phrases. going to try (gonna try) i m gonna try to finish this book.(gonna try) want to eat (wanna eat) do you wanna eat at seven oclock?(wanna eat) have to start(hafta start) i hafta start a

59、 diet tomorrow. (hafta start) has to try (hasta try) he hasta try harder. (hasta try) got to leave (gotta leave) i (very) gotta leave in fifteen minutes. (gotta leave) ought to believe (oughta believe) she （very ） oughta believe what he is saying. . . . . 15 / 21 (oughta believe) out of bed (outa be

60、d) i got outa bed when i heard the alarm clock. (outa bed) did you go (didja go) didja go to the store? (didja go) would he help (woody help) woody help me move the furniture? (woody help) won t you play (woncha play)woncha play one more song on the piano? (woncha play) didnt you know (didincha know)didincha know that she was c