P11高中英语连词用法归纳(并列句和状语从句)Word版

1、高中英语连词（并列句和状语从句）用法归纳一、概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法(一)、表示转折关系的并列连词。主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(

2、而，却)等。but的用法1. 连接词或短语 It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。2. 连接句子Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。3. 用于句首But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?4. 用于道歉的表达之后Sorry, but were behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。5. 用于notbut，表示“不是而是”Not you but I am to blame. 不是你

3、的错而是我的错。（就近原则）6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只，除了”：I could do nothing but wait. / I had no choice but to wait.7. 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第”He lives in the next house but one.他住在隔壁再过去一家。He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。8. cant help but 不由得不You cant help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。【注意】不要按汉语意思

4、将“虽然但是”直译为althoughbut：误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一个)9.but 与 however的用法区别 两者均可表示转折或对比，意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等，但有区别：1. 表示转折时，but 是连词。如：He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜欢运动，而他妻子则喜欢音乐。2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意

5、前后使用逗号)，甚至句末 (注意其前也用逗号)。如： Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later. / He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 注意：以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but，但可用 but 来改写。如：He said that it was so, but he was mistaken.3. 当连接两个句子时，其前通常应用分号，或另起新句。如：Its raining

6、hard; however, I think we should go out. / Its raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 注意：上例中的 however 不能换成 but，但可用 but 来改写 (注意所用标点的变化)。如：Its raining hard, but I think we should go out.yet的用法1、yet用作连词时，与but一样也主要用于转折，“但是”“而”： I have failed, yet I shall try again. 2、有时用在句首。如：Yet the house was

7、 cheerful. 但屋子里显得很欢快。2 / 263、yet有时可与并列连词and或but连用，构成习语and yet和but yet，意为“虽然如此”“可是”“然而”，与单独使用的yet意思相同。如：Hes not really nice-looking, and yet he has enormous charm. 他并不十分好看，可是他很有魅力。Shes a funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her. 她是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。4、根据习惯，although不能与连词but搭配使用，但是although可以与yet搭配连用

8、（此时的yet可视为副词）Although we are poor, yet we are happy. / Although weve made some progress, yet we have a long way to go.while的用法1、考查表示时间的用法，其意为“当的时候”。如：(1). while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. / She hates anyone listening while she is telephoning.

9、 (2) 趁的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 2、考查表示让步的用法，其意为“尽管”“虽然”。如： While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 3、考查表示对比的用法，其意为“而”“但”。如：Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 注意：这样用时，while引出的句子通常位于末，但有时也可位于句首。如：While most children learn to r

10、ead easily, some need extra help. 大多数儿童学阅读很容易，有些儿童却需要特别帮助。4、考查其省略用法，即主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有动词be时，通常可省略从句主语和动词be。如：While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel. He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. (二)、表选择的并列连词主要 or (或者，还是，否则), eitheror(不是就是), neitheror(既不也不), otherwise (要不然)等。注：neit

11、hernor连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序。or的用法归纳1、表示选择，意为“或”“还是”：Is the radio off or on? Would you prefer tea or coffee? 2、表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则”：Come on, or well be late. Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 3、可表示“要不就是”：He must be joking, or else hes mad. The book must be here, or else youve lost it. 4、用于否定句中代替and。 H

12、e was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明，也长得不好看。比较：They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。 They didn't sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。5、用于习语The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1700个或更多部族构成。Theres just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。E

13、ither your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。(三). 表示因果关系的并列连词主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。for的用法归纳1、for用作连词，主要表示理由，用于引起的分句对前面的话进行解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开。如：She was angry, for she didnt know French. He must be out, for there is no light in the room. 2、for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能

14、单独使用。3.for表示原因时的四个“不能”1）for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前：Because it was wet he took a taxi.（这里不能用for）2）for引导的从句不能位于not, but或任何连词之后：He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing. （这里不能用for）3）for引导的从句不能用于回答问题：Why did you do it? I did it because l was angry.（这里不能用for） 4）for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已

15、讲过的话，而必须包括新的内容：He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French.（这里不能用for）但是说：She was angry, for she didnt know French. （这里用for是正确的，也可用because）注意：之所以有这些用法上的限定，其理由是for引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因，而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。例如：The days were short, for it was now December. 注意：在口语中，for从句前常稍停一下。在笔语中，

16、在此处常有一个逗号。有时也用一个句号断开，如最后一个例子所示。上面三个例句中也可用because, 但用for更好些。so的用法归纳1、so用作连词，主要用于表结果，意为“所以”：Its very cold, so wear a heavy coat. 2、有时可与并列连词and连用，构成习语and so(相当so)：He told me to do it and so I did it. 3、不要按汉语意思将“因为所以”直译为becauseso：误：Because he was ill, so he couldn't come.(去掉because或so中任意一个)(四)、表示并列关

17、系的并列连词主要 and , or , eitheror, neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand , as well as ，when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等and 用法归纳1. 基本义为“和”“又”“而且”等，但它有时还可表示对比或转折，相当于汉语的“而”“但”“却”。如：Shes a bank manager and Im just a road-sweeper. Ive read Tonys book and I dont understand it. 2. 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，主要有以下用法：(1

18、) 连接两个相同的比较级，表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting colder and colder. Computers are becoming more and more complicated. 计算机变得越来越复杂。(2) 连接两个相同的动词，表动作的反复或连续。He coughed and coughed. He tried and tried but without success. (3) 连接两个相同的副词，也表示动作的反复或连续。如：He kept moaning on and on. 他呻吟不已。(4) 连接两个相同的名词，有以下两种主要用法：表

19、示“许多”。如：They talked for hours and hours. The road went on for miles and miles. 强调差别，意为“与不同”。如：Dont worry there are rules and rules. 别担心规则跟规则不一样。I like city life but there are cities and cities. 我喜欢城市生活，但城市之间也有差别。3. 在come和go以动词原形出现时，其后习惯上不跟不定式表示目的，而是用“and+动词原形”表示目的。如： I must go and help my mother. Go

20、 and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. 注意：但是，如果go和come不是以动词原形出现，而是以过去式、过去分词、现在分词、动名词等方式出现，则其后应不定式表示目的。如：Ive come to collect my book. I m thinking of going to look for mushrooms. 另外，在come, go 之后的 and 有时可以省略（尤其在美国英语中）。如：Ill come (and) see you later. 4. 用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”（暗示一种条件）。如：Work hard and youll

21、pass the examinations=If you work hard, youll pass the examinations努力吧，你考试会及格的Arrive late once more and youre fired (=If you arrive late once more, youre fired). 再迟到一次，就把你开除。有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果。如： One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步，我就要开枪了。5. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”“挺”。如：I wont go until Im good

22、 and ready. 6. 在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加 and。如：使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的后部。误：If you use mirrors, and you can see the back of your head.正：If you use mirrors, you can see the back of your head.7. 某些用 and 连接的两个词，与汉语顺序相反，不要按汉语词序颠倒过来。如：rich and poor 贫富 land and water 水陆 right and left 左右 north and south 南北 food and dri

23、nk 饮食     food and clothing 衣食8. 比较以下各组句子有无连词 and 的差别：The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was included

24、.He has two children, both of whom are naughty. He has two children, and both of them are naughty.三、从属连词的用法(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词1、表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要 when, while(见上面), as, whenever（无论什么时候）。when的用法归纳1). when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如： When the film ended, they went back. When I live

25、d there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2). When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时,这时”。如： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen3). when可以表“既然”，如： How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?as 的用法归纳1)、表示伴随，意为“随着”。如：As time passed, thing

26、s seemed to get worse. 若其后不接从句，而接名词，则用介词 with 表“随着” 如：With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 2)、表示让步，意为“虽然”“尽管”，要用于倒装句（相当于 though，但语气稍弱）。如：(1)形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。(2)过去分词+as+主语+系动词：例：Well-known as

27、 the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.(3)名词+as+主语+系动词：（a省略）Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。(4)副词+as+主语+谓语部分：例：(very省略) Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. (5)动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余部分：例：Try as you will，you wont be able to persu

28、ade him. 3)、表示时间，意为“当时候”。如：He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。注意:as 引导时态状语从句时，其谓语动词通常只能是动作动词，而不能是静态或状态动词。如：她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。误：Her parents died as she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.正：Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.4)、表示原因，引导原因状

29、语从句时，其谓语动词可以是动作动词，也可以是状态动词。如：As you werent there I left a message. 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。另外，引导原因状语从句，可用以下这样的倒装语序。如：Tired as she was, I decided not to disturb her. 因为她累了，我就决定不打扰她了。Writing hurriedly as she was, she didnt notice the spelling errors. 因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。5). as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边” 如： She sang as

30、she walked home all the way. (一边一边）6). 连接词when, while, as的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用while)2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如： W

31、hen you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。如：As the election approached, the violence got worse.4如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2、 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时

32、间连词主要有before, after (之后) before 用法归纳1)“才” eg. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2)“不到就” eg. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3)“趁” eg. Please write it down before you forget it.4)“还没来得及” eg. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.5) before从句中谓语不用否定式。E.g.：Be

33、fore they reached the station, the train had gone. 6) It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” eg.：It will be two years before he leaves the country. It will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就”eg.： It wasnt two years before he left the country.3表“自从”或“直到”的时间连词 since, until, till。如：Never trouble troubles till trouble

34、troubles you.不要无事惹事。until/till 用法归纳1).until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came. 2)用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of

35、 it.4)notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：（强调）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. （倒装）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.since用法归纳1). Since作为介词，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：He left the village in 1982 and I havent seen him since then.19822). Since作为介词，后接某一确定

36、的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：He left the village in 1982 and I havent seen him since then.1982.3) since引导原因状语从句,作为连词 “因为；既然；鉴于” 例如： He didnt come since he was busy.4). Since引导时间状语从句, “从动作开始的那一时刻起” “从动作或状态结束时算起” (1)“It is （has been）+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从以来到现在已有多久。”例如： It has be

37、en quite some time since I was last in London.我上次离开伦 (2) “It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从到过去某时间点以来”，例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年。3、 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardly

38、/scarcelywhen等。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。注意：1) 介词“on”也表示“一、就、”，非时间状语从句，而是时间状语。on (doing) sth :On his arrival

39、/ On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police. 2) 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.4、 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：Ill tell him a

40、bout it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。(二)、 引导条件状

41、语从句的从属连词。 这类连词主要有if(如果), unless（=ifnot,”除非,如果不就）as so long as （只要）, as far as （就而论，eg: as far as I know/ Im concerned就我所知）in case（“以防,万一”， 其它用法见下面）, on condition that (如果); providing / provided (that) ; suppose / supposing (that)（假设，如果）if only （要是多好，但愿）(注: only if “只有才”) 如：Do you mind if I open the

42、window? 我开窗你不介意吧?Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：If you will sit do

43、wn for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。if与whether的用法区别两者在表示“是否”时的用法区别如下：1. 互换的场合： 引导宾语从句表示“是否”时, 两者常可互换。如：He asked if whether we wanted a drink.注：若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if (意为“如果”)。2. 通常用 if 的场合：当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if 而不用 whether。如：I dont care if it doesnt rain. 注：在个别词语 (如 wo

44、nder, not sure 等)后的从句否定式有时也可能用 whether 来引导。如：I wonder if whether he isnt mistaken. 我想知道他是否错了。3. 通常用 whether 的场合(1) 引导主语从句且放在句首时。如：Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。注：若在句首使用形式主语 it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用 if 来引导。如：It was not known whether if he would come. 不知他是否会来。(2) 引导表语从句时。如：The quest

45、ion is whether we should go on with the work. 注：引导表语从句偶尔也用 if (很不正式)，但远不如用 whether 常见。(3) 引导宾语从句且放在句首时。如：Whether he is single I dont know. 他是否单身，我不知道。(4) 引导让步状语从句时。如：Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。(5) 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时。如：I dont know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. 注：or

46、 若不是引导两个从句，而是连接两个词或短语，则也可用 if (但不如用 whether 常见)。如：He didnt know if whether we should write or phone. 他不知道我们是写信好还是打电话好。(6) 用于不定式之前时。如：Im not sure whether to stay or leave. I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. (7) 用于介词之后时。如：It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. (8) 直接与 or not 连用时。如：I w

47、ill write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。注：若不是直接与 or not 用在一起，则有时也可用 if。如： I dont know whether if he will win or not. (9) 在某些动词后(如 discuss 等) 通常只用 whether。如： We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (三)、引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, lest=for fear that（惟恐）

48、等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。in case用作连词的用法1）. 表示条件，意为“如果”“万一”。如：In case it rains, do not expect me. In case you

49、 see him, ask him about it.2). 表示目的，意为“以防”“生怕”。如：Im shy of buying shares in case I lose money. 我不敢买股票，怕赔钱。Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 带些暖和的衣服，以防天气变冷。Ill keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留一个座位，以防你会改变主意。We took our swimming things in case we happened to fi

50、nd a pool. 我们带上游泳用品，以备万一能找到一个水池。注：有时中间的谓语由 should构成，强调偶然性，可译为“万一”：I wrote down her address in case I should forget it. 我写下了她的地址，以防万一我忘了。I always slept by the phone in case he should ring during the night. 我总睡在电话机旁边，怕万一他夜间打电话来(四)、 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so（+adj./adv.及many/much/little/few等）that, s

51、uch（+adj+n./pron.that“如此以致于” 等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。(五)、 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有: because ; as ; si

52、nce / now (that )（既然）; for ; seeing (that)（鉴于）; in that(因为) considering (that)（就、而论；考虑到）; given (that) （考虑到； 假定） +句子注：because of ;as a result of ; as a consequence of ; thanks to; owing to; on account of; due to etc+ n./pron.He distrusted me because I was new. As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. Since

53、 weve no money, we cant buy it. Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely to come. Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。because用法归纳1）. 表示原因，语气较强，可用来回答 why 提出的问题。如：A：Why do you love her? 你为什么爱她? B：Because she is kind. 因为很善良。2). because 除经常用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句或用于强调句等。如：It is because your

54、e eating too much. It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 3). 汉语说“因为所以”，但英语却不能用 becauseso这样的结构。如：4). 汉语说“之所以是因为”，英语可以类似以下这样的句型（用that比用 because普通）。如：The reason (why) Im late is that because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车。传统语法认为这类句型不能用 because, 但在现代英语中用because

55、 的情形已很普遍。5). 在notbecause这一结构中，not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，具体视语境而定。一般说来，若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didnt go because I was afraid.这个句子既可理解为“我没有去是因为怕”，也可理解为“我不是因为怕才去”。但是，如果because之前有副词just修饰，一般认为not是否定从句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有

56、人说你坏话而生气。6). 有时可引导一个句子作主语，此时通常采用just because这样的形式，并且主句谓语动词通常（当然不是一定）为mean。如：Just because you speak English doesnt mean you can teach it. 你会说英语并不意味着你能教英语。Just because youre old doesnt mean you have to be idle. 只是因为你年纪大了，这并不意味着你就应该懒散不活动。Because you have words with your wife is no reason to smash up things.你和你妻子吵架并不能成为摔东西的理由。7). 用于构成复合介词because of，其后可接名词、代词、 动名词、what 从句（但不能是that从句或没有引导词的从句）等。如：He is here because of you (that). 他为你（那事）而来这里。8). because of通常用来引