WTO专题（TRIMs）

1、WTO与贸易有关的投资措施规则与贸易有关的投资措施规则 一、概述 WTO与贸易有关的投资措施的规则体现于与贸易有关的投资措施协定(Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures，also called as TRIMs Agreement)1中。这些规则仅适用于与商品贸易有关的投资措施(investment measures related to trade in goods only)2。 1 TRIMs comprises nine articles and one annex (i.e. Illustrative List). 2 See A

2、rticle 1 of TRIMs.二、二、WTO所禁止的投资措施所禁止的投资措施 WTO所禁止的投资措施主要限于不符合国民待遇原则和实施数量限制的措施1。 (一一)不符合国民待遇原则的措施不符合国民待遇原则的措施(TRIMs Inconsistent with the Principle of National Treatment) 不符合国民待遇原则的措施有以下两类： 1.TRIMs that are inconsistent with the obligation of national treatment include those which are mandatory or enf

3、orceable under domestic law or under administrative rulings. 1、不符合国民待遇原则的与贸易有关的投资措施，包括那些国内法律或行政条例规定的强制实施的措施。 2.TRIMs compliance with which is necessary to obtain an advantage, and which require: (a)the purchase or use by an enterprise of products of domestic origin or from any domestic source, wheth

4、er specified in terms of particular products, in terms of volume or value of products, or in terms of a proportion of volume or value of its local production; or (b)that an enterprises purchases or use of imported products be limited to an amount related to the volume or value of local products that

5、 it exports.汉译 2、可获得一项利益的与贸易有关的投资措施。这些措施要求：(1)企业购买和使用本国生产的产品或源自本国的产品。这种要求具体到特定的产品，或者是对本国产品数量和价值上的要求，或者是对当地生产的产品数量和价值上比例要求。或，(2)企业购买和使用的进口产品限于一定的数量，这个数量与其出口的当地产品的数量或价值相联系。1 See Annex to TRIMs Agreement: Illustrative List.三、不符合一般取消数量限制原则的措施不符合一般取消数量限制原则的措施1TRIMs that are inconsistent with the obligati

6、on of general elimination of quantitative restrictions include those which are mandatory or enforceable under domestic law or under administrative rulings. 1、不符合一般取消数量限制原则的与贸易有关的投资措施，包括那些国内法律或行政条例规定的强制实施的措施。 2TRIMs complying with which is necessary to obtain an advantage, and which restrict: (a)the

7、importation by an enterprise of products used in or related to its local production, generally or to an amount related to the volume or value of local production that it exports; (b)the importation by an enterprise of products used in or related to its local production by restricting its access to f

8、oreign exchange to an amount related to the foreign exchange inflows attributable to the enterprise; or(c)the exportation or sale for export by an enterprise of products, whether specified in terms of particular products, in terms of volume or value of products, or in terms of a proportion of volume

9、 or value of its local production.（汉译） 可获得一项利益的与贸易有关的投资措施。这些措施限制：(1)企业在当地生产中使用的或与生产相联系的产品的进口；这种产品的进口量与其出口的当地生产的产品的数量或价值相联系。(2)企业在当地生产中使用的或与生产相联系的产品的进口；这种限制是通过限制企业持有外汇额来实施的(企业持有的外汇额是与企业外汇流入相联系的)。或者，(3)企业生产的产品出口或为出口而销售；这种限制或许具体到特定的产品，或许是对产品数量和价值上的要求，或许是对当地生产的产品数量和价值比例上的要求。小结 WTO成员所实施的与贸易有关的投资措施要求主要有当地

10、含量要求(即在生产中使用一定价值的当地投人)、贸易平衡要求(即进口要与一定比例的出口相当)、外汇平衡要求(即规定进口需要的外汇应来自公司出口及其它来源的外汇收人的一定比例)、国内销售要求、出口实绩要求(规定应出口一定比例的产品)、当地股份要求(规定公司股份的一定百分比由当地投资者持有)等等。从上述WTO与贸易有关的投资措施协定所确立的规则中看出，WTO禁止使用的与贸易有关的投资措施主要有3项，即当地成份要求、外汇平衡要求和国内销售要求。 四、适用于发展中国家成员的特殊规则四、适用于发展中国家成员的特殊规则 According to Article 4 of TRIMs, a developin

11、g country Member, in compliance with such provisions as Article XVIII of GATT 1994 and so on, shall be free to deviate temporarily from above-said principles. 根据与贸易有关的投资措施协定第4条，发展中国家成员可以暂时自由地背离前述国民待遇和一般取消数量限制原则，但这种背离应符合GATT 1994第18条1等相关条款的规定。TRIMs Article 4 Developing Country Members A developing co

12、untry Member shall be free to deviate temporarily from the provisions of Article 2 to the extent and in such a manner as Article XVIII of GATT 1994, the Understanding on the Balance-of-Payments Provisions of GATT 1994, and the Declaration on Trade Measures Taken for Balance-of-Payments Purposes adop

13、ted on 28 November 1979 (BISD 26S/205-209) permit the Member to deviate from the provisions of Articles III and XI of GATT 1994. 1. Without prejudice to other rights and obligations under GATT 1994, no Member shall apply any TRIM that is inconsistent with the provisions of Article III or Article XI of GATT 1994. 2.An illustrative list of TRIMs that are inconsistent with the obligation of national treatment provided for in paragraph 4 of Article III of GATT 1994 and the obligation of general elimination of quantitative restrictions prov