(完整word)初中英语语法专题讲解1--简单句的5种基本句型

1、初中英语语法专题讲解1简单句的五种基本句型英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、 扩展、变化 而来的：1 ）主+动（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。2 ）主+动+表（SVP）例如：John is busy. 约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（ SVO ）例如：She studies English. 她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（ SVOC ）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（ SVOiOd ）例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新

2、衣裳。英语中的各种句子分为简单句和复合句，其中简单句中包 含有五种基本句型。1.S+Vi（Subject主语+Intransitive Verb不及物动词）例：Thesun rises in the east太阳从东方升起。She is walking along the lake.她正沿着湖边走。2.S+Vt+0（Subject主语+Transitive Verb及物动词+Object宾语）例：He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。3.S+link.V+P（Subject主语+lin

3、k.verb系动词+Predicative表语）1）句型中系动词的位置可以用be动词来代替。2）句型中系动词可分为：表状态的系动词：be，keep，lie，look，remain，seem，smell,sound,sit,stand,stay,taste等。表变化或结果的系动词：become，come，get，grow，go,fall,prove,turn等。例：Time is up.时间到了。That man seems kind.那人看起来很善良。4.S+Vt+O+O（Subject主语+ Transitive Verb及物动词+Indirect Object间接宾语+Direct Obj

4、ect直接宾语）例：He bought his sister a piano.他给他妹妹买了一架钢 琴。Let me give you a hand.让我帮你一下吧。5.S+Vt+O+C（Subject主语+ Transitive Verb及物动词+Object宾语+Complement补语）例：She kept us waiting for over three hours.她让我们等了3个多小时。We tried to make her happy.我们尽量使她高兴。一、主语不及物动词（SV）例句1. The man cooks.男人做饭。2. The sun is shining bri

5、ghtly.太阳在明亮地照耀着。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.我们呼吸、吃和喝。4. They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。5. They were singing when we arrived.我们到的时 候他们正在唱歌。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能 表达完整的意思， 不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。二、 主语及物动词宾语（SVDO）例句1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案？2. He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书。3. Th

6、ey ate what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。4. He said“Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”5. I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。分析这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实 义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟 有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词 叫做及物动词。三、 主语系动词表语（SVP）例句1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是 本英汉辞典。2. The cake smells good.蛋糕味道很好。3. Everything

7、looks different.一切看来都不同了。4. He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。5. The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的 是他们缺少钱。6. Our well has gone dry.我们的井干枯了。7. His face turned red.他的脸红了。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不 能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态 的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。 系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，

8、 表 示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be本 身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语（SVIODO）例句1. He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了 一本字典。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈 夫做了一顿美餐。3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。5. I told him that the bus

9、was late.我告诉他汽车晚6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾 语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动 作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的 宾语叫直接宾语。 通常情况下间接宾语在前， 直接宾语在后； 有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，点了器。此时间接宾语前需加 介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：Uncle L

10、i bought me a birthday present.= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.李叔叔 给我买了一件生日礼物。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take,return, send, pass等。例如：Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of teato him.请递给他一杯茶。注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置 于间接宾语之前。例如：误：Please give me them.正：Please give them to

11、me.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语（SVDOOC）例句1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。2. We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干 净。3. They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色。4. What makes him think so？他怎么会这样想?5. We saw him out.我们送他出去。6. He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回 来。7. I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那 辆公共汽车。分析这些

12、句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及 物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加 上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语 的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复 合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、 形容词、 副 词和介词短语等充当。 注意： 在使役动词make, let,have等 引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去 不定式符号to。例如：He made us laugh.他使我们发笑。I wont let you go.我不会让你走。I have them come tomorrow morning.我让他们明天早上来巩固练习一、

13、判断下列简单句的类型1. The woman is singing now. ()2. He gave her some apples. ()3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()5. I ask them to come tomorrow. ()二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词1.明天我将给我女儿买块手表。I will buy _ tomorrow.2.看，他们在唱歌和跳舞。Look, they _.3.这块蛋糕看上去很大。Th

14、e cake _ very _.4.安邀请她的朋友参加她的生日聚会。Ann asked her friends _ to her birthday party.5.我不会让你走。I wont _ you _ .三、按下列要求改写句子，每空一词1. He gave me some rice. (改为同义句) He gave .2.“Sit down.”The teacher told me. (合并为一句) Theteacher told me .3. The fish tastes nice. (就划线部分提问)the fishtaste?4. He would like you to hel

15、p him. (改为一般疑问句) heyou to help him?5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. (改为同 义句)He cooked delicious food _ me this morning.1英语五种基本句型 基本句型一:主+系+表 此 句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一 个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系 动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示

16、变化.be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主 语和表语的作用其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1.This|isan English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典.2. Thedinner|smells|good.午餐的气味很好.3. His faceturned|red.他的脸红了4. Everything|looks different.一切看来都不同了. 5. He|is growing|tall and strong.他长得又高又壮.基本句型二:主+谓（不及物动词）此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短

17、语,状语从句等. 1. The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着. 2. Themoon rose.月亮升起了.3. What he said does notmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系. 4. They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时. 5. The pen writes smoothly.这支 笔书写流利.基本句型三:主+谓（及物）+宾此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. 1. Who knowsthe answer

18、？ 谁知道答案？2. He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书. 3. He admitsthat he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误.基本句型四:主+谓（及物）+双宾（间宾+直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略. 1. She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的

19、照片. 3.He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典. 4. I told him thatthe bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了. 5. He showed mehow to run the machine.他教我开机器.基本句型五:主+谓（及物）+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They|painted|the door|green.他们把门漆成 绿色.2. They|found|the house|deserted.他

20、们发现 那房子无人居住.3. What|makes|him|think so? 他怎 么会这样想？.4. We|saw|him|out.我们送他出去.5. He|asked|me|to come back soon.他要我早点回来.6. I|saw|them|getting on the bus at that time.我看见 他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车.2基本句型翻译练习 基本句型一:主+系+表1.当时他看起来不高兴。2.我喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。3.我擅长英语。4.收到你的来信我很高兴。5.在公路对 面有一栋新教学楼。6.图书馆里有各种各样的书籍、报纸 和杂志。7.那是在2000年2月8

21、日早上7:15.8.天变得越 来越黑。9.这食物吃起来挺可口的。10.这故事听起来 很有趣。Key:1. He looked unhappy at that time. 2. Myfavourite sports are swimming and skating. 3. I am very good atEnglish. 4. I was so pleased to hear from you. 5. On the other side ofthe road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6. In the library there a

22、re all kinds of books, newspapers andmagazines. 7. It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. 8. It isgetting darker and darker. 9. The food tastes delicious. 10. The storysounds very interesting.基本句型二:主+谓（不及物 动词） 1. 1984年至1990年我在光明小学学习。2.今天上 午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去那里。3.时间很快过去 了。4.这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。5.小车没

23、 有停而是快速的开走了。6.在过去的10年间它的经济发 展迅速。7.那个年轻人重重地摔倒在地。8.过去他早上 习惯于早起。Key:1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from1984 to 1990. 2. This morning we met at the school gate and wentthere together. 3. The time passed quickly. 4. Great changes havetaken place in our hometown these years. 5. The car didnt sto

24、p butdrove off at great speed. 6. Its economy has developed rapidly in thepast ten years. 7. The young man fell down on the ground hard. 8.He used to get up early in the morning.基本句型三:主+谓（及物）+宾31.去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。2.在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。4.我们也在校园内和周围种上了 许多树。5.晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。6.在 回家的

25、路上他把钱给丢了。7.昨晚大约九点的时候，我正 在做作业。8.才艺展示（Talent Show）将于6月18日在 北京电视台举行。9.下午，我将带你们转转，看一看一些 名胜。10.盼望能尽早见到你。Key: 1. Last year I won first prize in the school computercompetition. 2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular musicand collecting stamps. 3. The other day my brother and I went to thecinema b

26、y bicycle. 4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around theschool. 5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or readnewspapers. 6. He lost the money on his way home. 7. About 9oclock last night, I was doing my homework.8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. 9.In the

27、 afternoon, Ill show you around and take you to some placesof interest. 10. Im looking forward to meeting you soon.基本句型四:主+谓（及物）+双宾（间宾+直宾）1.去 年王老师教我们英语。2.明天我要给他写封信， 告诉他这 个好消息。3.他们给他提供了一份工作， 但他拒绝了。4.在我14岁生日时， 爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。5.昨晚我 花了两小时才完成作业。6.对不起，能问你一个问题吗？Key: 1. Mr Wang taught us English last year. 2.

28、 Tomorrow Illwrite him a letter and tell him the good news. 3. They offered him ajob, but he turned it down. 4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought mea new bike. 5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?基本句型五:主+谓（及物）+复合宾语（宾+宾补）1.当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。2.我

29、们正在使我们的 国家变得越来越美丽。3.当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。4.昨天下午在公交车上我的钱包让人给偷了。5.我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。6.父亲叫我给 他带些报纸来。4Key: 1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. 2.We are making our country more and more beautiful. 3. When I gotto the classroom, I found nobody in. 4. I had my wallet stolen on abus y

30、esterday afternoon. 5. I noticed Kate reading in the library allthe morning. 6. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.基本句型翻译综合练习：1.那 噪音太响，我无法继续学习。2.得知你9月份要来我很高 兴。3.人们需要一个可以休息和玩乐的地方。4.当那个 人在过马路时，小车撞了他。5.我已答应明天下午3：30到机场接他。6.听了我说的话， 我的邻居向我道歉并马上 把电视音量关小。7.他是一个很有学问的人我们都很欣赏 他。8.在过去，人们主要通过写信、打公共

31、电话来彼此保 持联系。9.我宁愿呆在家里，因为我可以做我想做的，比 如：读书、看电视、帮助父母做家务。10.我们应该把中国 文化和历史介绍给外国人， 以便他们能更多的了解中国。11.为了改善北京交通， 政府应鼓励更多人使用公共交通或自行 车。12.以我的观点来看，考试作弊是错的，因为它违反了 学校规章。13.我们学生应该诚实， 尽力通过努力学习而 不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。14.有个老人静静地坐在附近 的一个板凳上。Key: 1. The noise was so loud that I couldnt go on studying. 2.Imso glad to learn that yourecoming in September. 3. Peopleneed a place where they can rest a