一种基于单片机的新型三相多费率电能表的设计-毕业论文外文翻译

1、一种基于单片机的新型三相多费率电能表的设计jishun jiangschool of electric and electronic engineeringshandong university of technology zibo, 255091, chinaiandj8lanlan yuschool of electric and electronic engineeringshand ong university of tech no logyzibo, 255091, chinayulanlan 124摘要：随着社会的发展，对电力的需求变得越来越犬。在不同时间的电力不平衡现象 口益严重

2、。为了合理调整电力负荷，节约能源，我们提出了一个新的多速率设计 三相电度表。这种新型多速率三相电度表的设计原理是在at89lv5基础上提岀的。 硬件和软件流程设计，以及实验数据的分析，详细介绍。通过审判淄博亿电子有 限公司制造，它表明这种多速率三相电度表具有特色，是步行的精度，准确测量， 自动抄表，灵活的吋间设置，成本低。因此，这种新型三相多费率电度表具有广 阔的应用前景。关键词：多速率，三相电度表，at89lv52一.引言if算机技术的发展和应用推动了电表的智能化转型。由于电力的需求增大， 在不同时间的电力需求不平衡的现象越来越严重，电力公司鼓励人们使用复费率 电度表1,以合理调整电力负荷，

3、节省能源。传统的复费率电度表总是采用机械 马口铁来衡量。也有一些不足之处，测量精度低与机械磨损快，单一的时间内设 置需要强犬的人力资源。在本文中，我们在at89lv52的基础上提出一个新的 多速率三相电度表。这种多速率三相电度表采用测量ad7752o它的特点是分时计 量，计量准确，液晶显示直观器，自动抄表，灵活的时间设置，及时校正，成本 低，设计新颖。二结构和工作原理本文提出的新颖的多速率三相电度表是基于at89lv52单片机3。 at89lv52具有8k字节，三级加密程序存储器，256字节的ram, 32个可编程 i/o线，3次/16位和一个6向量2级停止计数器的ram。该接口电路釆用i2c

4、 总线的单位，是一个8位具有良好的性能和价格合适的单片机。该系统结构图见图1o电能计量ad7752v检查和控制继 电器模块卩时钟us3530a图1o系统结构图这种多费率电度表读数的原则是多速率一次使用rs485总线段并记录在 x25045然后接管rs485总线时钟并将该时钟写入cmos芯片s3530a。三相交 流电压和电流通过电位仪和互感分别以生产小信号，传送到ad7752完成测量。 吋钟芯片s3530a提供了吋钟的自动移动过程中每秒的信息和分析这种吋钟属于 哪个时期根据预先设定的时间在x25045的时间然后保存在ram存储器电能按照 相应的时间期限。我们把它写的x25045的通讯地址，当电能

5、达到1度，以使多 速率测量成真。这种电度表具有明确的液晶显示功能，缺相检测，负荷控制，停 止用电检查和存储，自动抄表等三.系统硬件电路的设计a 电能计量三相电能计量由adi公司的低耗能cmos芯片ad7752来实现了。在ad7752 内部，除了采用的adc,滤波器和乘法电路，还有可以有效地消除噪声的数字电 路。采样过程中的电压和电流的三相交流电源回路如图2所示，其中ia代表a相 电压采样。对b相和c相的取样电路类似a相。电源积分后转化为电脉冲输出。 脉冲从cf 口通过光电绝缘4n25进入到空位的at89lv52的into。cpu测量 电能。我们通过s1和s2的联系调节cf的脉冲数。电力能源和脉

6、冲的转换关 系是w = mc的。其中，w是同千瓦时电能的单位，m是总脉冲数，c是电表脉 冲数。我们选择c=3000即每千瓦小吋，每千瓦u寸3000脉冲。r7vbr80j"rkn i1°ri3 ikiiri7 ikjlwce qx g>ri5 ikc：l7 cjr9 50k r_:trnj=>47（y jjia'ce qx d i 纠严，i50kjiac上（）xrsokc9vccri4 ikbo1r23qji： iad7752il56nf |9"ri8 ik0nr8 t?iap 1 vapibp 1bx vbp icp icn vcp ref a

7、bs dgndvdd cf revpsciclkoliclk1 fl5vt18t5vin si so agxd图2。屯度表的电路原理图b 液晶显示器该液晶显示器通过盛群公司的cmos芯片对ht1621的实现12位数字显 示。ht1621是128段(32 x 4)内部存储器，lcd驱动器。.在ht1621内部 由控制电路和时间，内存，液晶驱动器和计时器。它有体积小，成本低的优点， 使其使用于电度表。我们使用串行接口，在ht1621和at89lv52之间只有4条 线。详细的连接如图3所示。at89lv52的p20,p21 ,p22,p23分别连接到 cs,rd,wr并分别与数据使用翻新的ram显示

8、。对ht1621驱动器芯片已在48 个节点的como,串口 com1, com2端口，com3连接到公共端和驱动器的lcd 和sg0,的sg1, sg2的，sg3连接到驱动器输出的每个部分分别输出。此外， 一个20k q的电阻可调之间放置vdd和vlcd来调整液晶显示对比度。实验表明, vdd= 5v 比 vlcd= 4v 的更好。c串行存储器串行存储器采用了 xicor公司的低功耗芯片x25045o它有三个功能看门狗 定时器，电压监控和串行存储器e2prom的有512个字节。看门狗定时器可以设 置的200ms, 600ms和1400ms的时间间隔。该软件程序被读入x25045。在正 常运行的

9、程序，看门狗定时器收到的时间间隔，以确保程序的正常运行触发信号。 如果看门狗定时器在时间间隔没有收到触发信号，x25045将输出高级复位线。触 发电度表复位，以防止程序飞走。由于串行存储器芯片，512x25045的字节用于 存储的电能表的代码，时间多速率时期，电力顶点，平滑用电，低谷电，上月和 本月总电力。存储可以分为两个相同的地方。一个是作为数据存储。另一种是用 于备份。对存储的数目可以修改10万次。数据可存储100年。它是采用spi总线连接at89lv52o连接如图3所示。vcc1200” dir37 1itci5 10ry丁tu6 s3530avdd sda ftvt2 sci. &am

10、p; vss nt18 ro ftt9itxl xol i atqiyl r2 768khuj=ci220pfpi oat pllftpi 2 pi 3 p14pi 5 pi6pi 7 rxdimo inti to tl wr imx2 xi 出ep ea/vpvcc p00 p0i p02p03p04p05p06p07p20 p2ip22p23p24p25p26 叮 rtstl psen gxdif2ttit6vcc40 tiuio x25045 xccrsvccsotpsi sckkmgxd4it9nir2*ui3 hti62rsrd wkdaiasgo sg1-29com('|_

11、-t5it6sgi9l3 4n25vdd vlcd vss20 330ontr+】2vr27 i0k “comicom2coms i-l8 at89lv52图3。电度表的数字电路部分d 时钟电路时钟电路是由s3530a芯片完成。这是一个低功耗时钟芯片，支持i2c总线。 它通过cup发送给rs485的数据来设置时钟和日历。同时，它继续走自己的振 荡时间。32768 khz的晶体振荡器是把xin和s3530a的xout连接锁定的cpu。 sda的脚和scl脚分别连接到at89lv52的p1.6利p1.7。有两个中断的脚可作 为第二分钟输岀或输出同步脉冲在一秒的时间内供应中断信号给at89lv52o

12、单片 机系统将读出通过i2c通信接口当前时间根据这一信号，并计算岀这一段时间的 电能，从而实现在不同时期的电能测量5。该时钟电路用锂电池。该电源vcc在 正常供电线路是3.6v的锂电池电气化供电。当有电源关闭吋，系统会自动转换成 锂电池供电的时钟电路。时钟仍在运行准确，即使关闭了电源。e rs485通讯max485芯片可实现rs485多费率电能表通信控制。max485芯片有rs485 通讯协议。它可以在128 hypogenous电脑传输。它的传输距离大于1公里，其 传输速率可达每秒250kbo该电度表连接通过rs485总线单元控制器。每个单元 有一个单元控制器可以管理128多费率电能表。该单

13、元控制器连接到电脑的电源 管理。每个电度表只有一个8位16进制数米。电工应写入用户的信息和米数，然 后导入到初次安装电源管理的计算机，以便完成广告的用户和管理计算机的连接。 管理计算机发送广播通信地址信息并设定一段时间，没有地址信息就没有时钟信 息。电脑通过调用地址的方式更新资料。f 缺相检测和继电器控制它可以实现继电器控制7at89lv52的p27。p27可以控制继电器使用4n25 光电隔离器，以完成电源和功率控制。缺相检测得到的信号是75k的电阻连接到1引脚的光电隔离器输岀的，分别通过二极管半波整流和滤波电容。我们发现了通 过4引脚的隔离，以确定是否存在着缺相。如果有缺相，我们再次发现2秒

14、后超 时。我们打破立即关闭电源，如果有缺乏权力后，两次确认。在电源保护电路， 它使用at89lv52 int1中断脚检测信号。当有一个突然断电，int1的跳跃进入 低电压和int1屮断进入到电源保护方案，对储能电容器依靠保存数据。在该系统 中,ad7752的输岀脉冲，继电器控制端口和缺相检测的投入都用光电隔离器4n25。 它发出的光耦合，可提高抗干扰能力电信号。四软件设计a 资源的分配该软件设计包括主程序，x25045的读写程序，rs485串行通信程序，中断 服务程序，定时器处理程序，对ht1621显示控制方案，在不同时间和不同功率 的电能测量了保护方案，系统自检与反干扰的处理方案。中断系统资

15、源的分布如 t： into中断的是ad7752脉冲测量，为检测同步，计吋器to的int1的使用吋 间为100毫秒，t1的为1ms的时间，并作为串行通信程序t2的波特率发生器。 rs485的异步通信设置为接收和发送中断检查信息。b 模块设计主要程序流程图如图4所示。该电度表应能在每个功率初始化时间。该计划 包括设置初始化工作模式定时器，串行气孔和at89lv52屮断，写入x25045的， s3530a和和对ht1621控制字。该系统设置三个时间段。该单片机每秒从s3530a 读取时钟值，然后分析这些时钟属于哪个时期，根据预先设定的时间在x25045 的时间然后保存在ram存储器，电能按照相应的时

16、间期限。我们把它写入x25045 的通讯地址，当电能达到1度吋。16位液晶显示屏显示的吋间，并反过来显示电 能信息。图4。主程序流程图五测试结果测量误差和运行测试已在淄博亿电子有限公司取得oepigenous计算机完成时 间的管理和设置。这里有三种费率的时间段。第一阶段的时间是低峰期从00点00 分钟到06点30分钟。时间的第二个时期是用电高峰期从06点30分钟到22点 30分钟。第三阶段的时间是正常用电时期从22点30分钟到24点00分钟。设置 各个时间的用电效率并发送到计算机管理系统，电力公司根据国家政策调整并保 存到x25045o用电高峰期，正常用电，用电低峰期，每月电力总读数保存在电能

17、 表，并通过单元控制器发送到epigenous计算机。通讯波特率是9600比特每秒。 0.1级标准的电子式电能表是标准的校验表并且是多费率电能表的测试仪表。淄博 亿电子公司根据不同的负荷运行已进行了测试。在30kw的负荷下测量的数据见 表仁itemnonnalmetertested metererror（%）apex electricity3.0002.9960 13%calm electricity3.0002.9950.17%vale electricity3.0002.9970.10%total electricity9.0008.9880.13%tune06.09.10:30:0106

18、.09.10:3 0:0100.00.00.00.00测试结果表明，该复费率电度表误差小于1 %,属于1.0级。反复读数电能精 度和校正的时间是及时和正确的。通过测试，对降低用电计量误差的方法可以得 到。第一，调整ad7752采样电阻的准确值。其次，需要这个电阻值随温度变化 的较少。第三，在电力计量的过程中，当电力尾数部分不足0.01,其余的脉冲应 该在一起访问，从而累积误差不足0.01度，能量损失是可以避免的。六结论和展望多费率电能表在不同的时间根据不同的设置完成电能计算。它采用485串行 通信，实现自动抄表和实时校正。淄博亿电子公司生产的结果表明，在本文的多 速率三相电度表有新颖的设计技术

19、，精确测量的特点，灵活的时间设置。各项技 术指标达到国家智能卡电能表的技术标准。因此，它具有广泛的应用前景。译文原文出处：jishun jiang ; lanlan yu ; sch. of elect匚 & electron. eng., shandong univ, of technol., zibo, china design of a new three-phase multi-rate watt-hour meter based on singlechip computational intelligence and software engineering, 2009. c

20、ise 2009. international conference on .参考文献：1 bu zhengliang, yin xianggen, tu guangyu. development of hv watt-hour meter.n automation of electric power systems, 2006, 30(19): 89-93.2 kosukegawa m., sakumoto y. “traceability system of electric energy standard and tendency in static watthour meter dev

21、elopment in japan.n sixth international conference on metering apparatus and tariffs for electricity supply, 1990,4:259-263.3 xuehai li. applied tutorial of singlechip. electronic industry publishing company, 2003.4 al-khateeb tarik, blundel martin. uan electronic meter for measuring the saving in e

22、lectrical power.” the ninth arab international conference on solar energy (aicse-9), kingdom of bahrain, 2007,4 (209):328-333.5 liu ying, liu qingyu. “development of a self-calibration precision electrical measuri ng meter.” proceedi ngs of the 1998 conference precisio n electro mag netic measuremen

23、ts, 1998,7:276.6 gao yunpeng, teng zhao-sheng, liu peng. “design of three-phase multi-functional harmonic energy meter.” journal of hunan university natural sciences, 2008, 35(9): 5357.7 qu qin gchang. “key tech no logy to three-phase electric meter and high voltage electric power measurement.n acta

24、 metrologica sinica, 2007, vol28: 25-30.英文原文:design of a new three-phase multi-rate watt-hour meter based on singlechipjishun jiangschool of electric and electronic engineering shandong university of technologyzibo, 255091, china jandj8lanlan yuschool of electric and electronic engineering shandong

25、university of technologyzibo, 255091, china y ulanlan 124 abstractwith the development of the society, the demand of electric power becomes bigger and bigger. the phenomenon of unbalanced electricity in different time is worse and worse. in order to adjust electric power burthen wi th reason and sav

26、e energy, we put forward the design of a novel multi -rate three-phase watt-hour meter. the dcsign principle of a novcl multi-ratc three-phase watt-hour meter based on at89lv5 is proposed in this paper. the designs of hardware and software flow, as well as the analysis of experiment data are present

27、ed in detail. by trial manufacturing in zibo bi ilion electron limi ted company, it demonstrates that this multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter has the charactcristics which arc walking precision, accurate measurement, automatic meter reading, flexible time period setting and low cost. therefore,

28、this novel multi-rate watt-hour meter has a broad application prospect.keywords-multi-ratc，thrcc-phase watt-hour mctcr, at89lv52i. introductionthe development and application of computer technology push the construction of intellectualized section exterior!y. because the phenomena of bigger demand o

29、f electric power and unbalanced electricity in diffcrcnt time is worse and worse, electric power company has encouraged people to use multi-rate watt-hour meter 1 in order to adjust electric power burthen with reason and save energy. the traditional multi-rate watt-hour meter always adopts mechanica

30、l tinplate to measure. there are some shortcomings that the measurement precision falls with machine abrasion, single time period sett ing and str ong man power 2. in this paper, we propose a no vel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter based on at89lv52. this multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter

31、 adopts ad7752 for measurement. it has the characteristics which are time-sharing measurement, accurate measurement, lcd display, automatic meter reading, flexible time period setting, timely ernendation, low cost and novel design.ii. structure and working principlethe novel multi-rate three-phase w

32、atthour meter proposed in this paper is based upon at89lv52 singlechip 3. at89lv52 has the flash memorizer wi th 8k bytes, cryptographical program memorizer with thi rd class, ram with 256 bytes, 32 programmable i/o lines, three tiime/ counter with 16 bits and a two class halt with six vcctors. the

33、interface circuit adopts 12c bus unit which is a 8 bits singlechip with good performance and suitable price. the system structure diagram is shown in figure 1.figure 1. system structure diagramthe principle of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is reading in the multi-rate time segments using rs485 bus

34、 and noting in x25045 then take over correctional clock with rs485 bus and write in clock cmos chip s3530a. the t hree-phase ac volt age and elec trie current pass through pote ntiometer and mutual inductance instrumcnt respectively so as to produce small signal which is sent to ad7752 to complete m

35、easurement. the clock cmos chip s3530a gives clock information per second in the course of automatic move and analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advanee periods of time set in x25045 then save the electrical ergy in ram memorizer according to corresponding period of time

36、. we write it to corresponding address of x25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degree in order to make the mul t i-rate measurement come true. th i s watt-hour meter hasfunctions of clear lcd display, missing phase det ection, burthen control, halt electricity check and storage, automatic

37、meter reading and so on.iii. the desig1i of hardware circuita. electrical energy measurementthe three-phase electrical energy measurement is realized by the low consume cmos chip ad7752 of adi company. the inside of ad7752 adopts digital circuit besides adc, filter and multiplication circuit which c

38、an elimina te noises effectively. the sampl ing course of voltage and elec trie current in three-phase ac power supply loop is shown in figure 2 in which 1a stands for volt age sampling of a phase. the sampling circuits of b phase and c phase are similar to a phase. the power after integral is trans

39、formed to electrical pulse for output. the pulse of fan-out cf enters into interregnum into of at89lv52 through photoelectricity insulation 4n25. cpu measures the electrical energy 4. we adjust the pulse number of cf by combining the state of si and s2. the connection of electrical energy and pulse

40、is w 二 m c in which, w is the electrical energy with the unit of ki 1 owatt-hour, m is the total pulse rmmber, c is the pulse number of ammeter. we choose c equals to 3000 that is to say every kilowatt一hour is 3000 pulses.r16 ikr7 w 50k r-.f rl(i ' 4|h jiaxce| x/j l . ii r17jr3 3 3 tlhanf1jiaxct

41、r17 ik50kjiaxce qxi>ill,ri11v£jlivu1i jc9|56nf | >i*ri£ikl33nf 1 3|3率f严5r950k1axce qxvcc2022+5v口 tiapvdd1acfvaprevpibpscfib、clkolivbpclkixicpflicf2vcpv1n<refsi abssodgndagnd56r" it -w0175 口t9figure 2. circuit schematic diagramof watt-hour meterb. lcd displaythe lcd display 6

42、adopts ht1621 cmos chip of h-oltek company to achieve twelve bits digital display. ht1621 is the lcd drivers with 128 segments (32x 4) inner memorizer. the interior of ht1621 consists of control and time circuits, ram, lcd drive and watch timer. it has the merits of small volume and low cost so that

43、 it is suit to watt-hour meter. we use serial interface which only has four lines between ht1621 and at89lv52. the detailed connect io n is shown in figure 3. p20, p21, p22 and p23 of at89lv52 connect to cs, rd, wr and data respectively with the use to refurbish the display of ram. ht1621 drive cmos

44、 chip has 48 nodes in which como, c0m1, com2, com3 connect to the communal end and drive output of lcd and sgo, sgi, sg2, sg3 connect to drive output of every segment respectively. in addi tion, an ad justabl e resista nee of 20k q is put betwee n vdd and vlcd to adjust the display contrast of lcd.

45、expcrimcnt shows that the contrast is better with vdd=5v and vlcd=4v.c. serial memorizerserial memori zer adopts 1 ow power consumption chip x25045 of xt cor company it has thrcc functions which arc watchdog timcr wtd, voltage supervision and serial memorizer e2pr0m with 512 bytes. wtd can be set 20

46、0ms, 600ms and 1400ms time intervals. the soft ware program is read into x25045. during the normal running of program, wtd receives the trigger signal in time intervals in order to ensure the normal running of program. x25045 will output a high potential through reset line if wtd does not receive tr

47、igger signal in time intervals. the trigger watt-hour meter reset in order to prevent program flying away. as the serial memorizer chip, 512 bytes of x25045 are used to storage the watt-hour meter code, multi-rate periods of time, the apex electricity, smooth electricity, vale electricity and total

48、electricity of last month emd this month. storage can be divided into two same areas. one is used as data storage. the other is used for backup. the number of storage can be revised 100, 000 times. data can be stored for 100 years. it is connected with at89lv52 by spi agreement bus. the connection i

49、s shown in figure 3.d- clock circuitthe clock circuit is completed by s3530a chip. it is a low power consumption clock chip that supports i2c bus. it sets the clock and calendar according to the data received by cup communicating with rs485. at the same time, it continues to walk time by its own osc

50、i 1 lation. the crystai oscillator of 32.768 khz is put betwecn xin and xout of s3530a which is connected with cpu through latching. sda foot and scl foot connect to pl. 6 and pl. 7 of at89lv52 respectively. there are two interrupt alarming foots can be set as second output or minute output synchron

51、izing pulse which supply interrupt signal to at89lv52 with one second period. single-chip system will rcadout the currcnt time through i2c communication intcrface according to this signal and calculate the period of time that this moment belongs to so as to realize the electrical energy measurement

52、in different periods of time 5. this clock circuit has spare lithium battery. the powersupply vcc supply power in normal wiring and electrified for lithium battery of 3.6v. when there is power off, the system will automatically convert lithium battery to clock circuit for power supply. the clock wi1

53、1 stil1 running eiccurately even the power is off.1x400r37 ivccci5 i2t5u6 s35|oa吕5"7 t tu itvdd sda rrr? scl vss ivtipion pi in pl 2pl 3 pi 4pi 5 pi 6pi 7 rxd ixd ll l门 toiixis xol _a19ttz±=cii yli 20pf町i32 768khxi al-trp ta/vpvccpoopoip02p03p04p05p06p07p20p21p22p23p24p25p26p27 reseipskgxd

54、3fy"tt53664028if)l；io x25o45 xccvcct?1rsrddatavdd vlcd vssu8ai89lv52sgo sgiui3 h三7sgi9 f como r comi p com2 r： com3 c5 vcc50 tp51 rst sck gdr2o33o yc3 42s16二 严7 10、齐' -1 jdq-contr(> 7figure 3. partial circuit figure of watt-hour meterers485 communicationmax485 chip can implement rs485 co

55、mmunication control of multi-rate watt-hour meter. max485 chip has rs485 communication protocol. it can take 128 hypogenous computers. its transmission distance is greeiter than lkm and its transfer rate is up to 250kb per scconcl the watt-hour meter connects with the unit cont roller t hrough the r

56、s485 bus. each unit has a cell controller can manage 128 multi-rate watt-hour meter. the cell control ler connects to power management computer. each watt-hour meter has one and only meter number with eight bits of hex. the electrician should write the user" s information and meter number and t

57、hen import to the power management computer for initial installation so ad to complete the connection of user and management computer. management computer sends sett!ng of period of time and clock information with the manner of broadcast communiccition without address infonuation. pc uploads information by the way of calling