Chapter5翻译技巧篇(1)措词、增词

1、Translation Techniques Translation Techniques （I I）FocusFocusvDictionvAmplificationvConversionvEllipsisvRepetitionvNegationvUnpackingv选词选词v增词法增词法v词类转换法词类转换法v减词法减词法v重复法重复法v正反反正译法正反反正译法v解包袱法解包袱法AmplificationAmplificationv增词法就是在原文基础上增词法就是在原文基础上添加必要的字、词、句添加必要的字、词、句，从而使译文在语言、语，从而使译文在语言、语法形式上法形式上符合译入语的表达习

2、惯符合译入语的表达习惯。v叶子南先生说，增词法就是叶子南先生说，增词法就是把讲不清楚的词义用更多的字交代清楚把讲不清楚的词义用更多的字交代清楚，再者，再者用以调整译入语的语言结构，使译文更像译入语用以调整译入语的语言结构，使译文更像译入语。v毛荣贵先生说，从修辞的角度来讲，许多以委婉为修辞目的的句式，或欲毛荣贵先生说，从修辞的角度来讲，许多以委婉为修辞目的的句式，或欲言又止，或轻描淡写，或隐晦曲折，尤其论他人长短的句子，不加词不知言又止，或轻描淡写，或隐晦曲折，尤其论他人长短的句子，不加词不知所云。所云。 presidential historian 研究研究总统的历史学家。（增加动词）总统的

3、历史学家。（增加动词） She is more royal than the royals. 她比皇家成员更具她比皇家成员更具皇家皇家气质气质（名词）（名词）Ah, that woman had a tongue.-啊！那女人的啊！那女人的嘴可真厉害嘴可真厉害！Emphasisv增添原文省略的词v增添必要的连接词v逻辑性增词v修辞角度增词v增词把抽象概念表达清楚v概括性增词v重复性增词v表示复数概念的增词v增词切记：v增词不能增意 Translation PracticeTranslation PracticevThe American and Japanese conducted a com

4、pletely secrete exchange of message. vYes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days. Sort of fashion. vHer portrait flatters her. v a noisy game/noisy color vHe was black and winkled.美日双方在完全保密的美日双方在完全保密的情况下情况下互相交换了信件。互相交换了信件。-概括性增词概括性增词 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢都喜欢中国菜，中国菜，这种情况算是这种情况

5、算是有有点赶时髦吧。点赶时髦吧。-连贯性增词连贯性增词 她的肖像比她她的肖像比她本人还漂亮本人还漂亮。 -修辞性增词修辞性增词-喧闹的游戏喧闹的游戏/过分鲜艳的过分鲜艳的色彩（色彩（令人眼花缭乱的令人眼花缭乱的色彩）色彩） -修辞上修辞上他他皮肤皮肤黝黑，黝黑，满脸满脸皱纹（皱纹满面）。皱纹（皱纹满面）。-原文意义上增词原文意义上增词 vWhen she came to, she saw smiling When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.faces around her.vI was, and remain grateful

6、for the part I was, and remain grateful for the part he played in my releasehe played in my release（释放）（释放）. .vBeauty is the smile on the earths face; Beauty is the smile on the earths face; open to all, and needs but the eyes to open to all, and needs but the eyes to see, mood to understand.see, mo

7、od to understand.vSuppose the preparatory work should Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.not be completed.v她醒过来，看到身边她醒过来，看到身边一张张一张张笑脸。笑脸。-复数概念增词复数概念增词v我的获释有他的功劳，对此我我的获释有他的功劳，对此我过去过去很感激，很感激，现在现在仍很感激。仍很感激。-概念具体化概念具体化 v美是大地的笑容，人人美是大地的笑容，人人得以得以享受，只要享受，只要用用眼睛去捕捉，眼睛去捕捉，用用心心去体会。去体会。-语句连贯增

8、词语句连贯增词v准备工作完不了，准备工作完不了，那可怎么办啊那可怎么办啊！ -语境表达出的信息用多一点的字交待清楚，使语句顺畅语境表达出的信息用多一点的字交待清楚，使语句顺畅。More ExamplesvHistories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.v We wont retreat, we never have and never will.读读史使人明智，史使人明智，读

9、读诗诗使人使人灵气灵气/聪慧，数学聪慧，数学使人使人周密周密/严谨，科学严谨，科学使使人人深刻，伦理深刻，伦理/道德道德使人使人庄重，逻辑修饰庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人之学使人善辩。善辩。 我们不会后退，我们从来我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过没有后退过，我们我们将来将来也绝不后退也绝不后退。Automobiles factories were closing down in early 1961.1961年初，汽车工厂年初，汽车工厂纷纷纷纷倒闭。倒闭。Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.物质可以转化成能量，能量物质可

10、以转化成能量，能量也可以也可以转化成物质。转化成物质。The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.群群山开始向山谷投下山开始向山谷投下一道道一道道蔚蓝色长影。蔚蓝色长影。Air pressure decreases with altitude.气压随气压随海拔海拔高度的高度的增加增加而下降。而下降。I was taught tat two sides of a triangle were greater than the third.我学过三角形的两边我学过三角形的两边之和之和大于第三大于第三边边。H

11、eated, water will change into vapor.水水如如受热，受热，就就会汽化。会汽化。Unless he studies hard, he will never pass the examination.他除非努力学习，他除非努力学习，否则否则就永远不能考及格。就永远不能考及格。Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源根源。Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust

12、 or humidity.不要在过冷，不要在过冷，过过热，灰尘热，灰尘过过重，湿度重，湿度过过大的情况下使用此电脑。大的情况下使用此电脑。My work, my family and my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我干干工作，做做家务， 朋友往来，这些占用了我的全部时间。With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.中国人民正在以多么高的高的热情建设社会主义啊She was walking in the street alone, weary an

13、d ragged.她独自一人走在大街上,面容面容憔悴，衣衫褴褛衣衫褴褛A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river. 一弯一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。This was a complete lie.那是一派派胡言。Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛，我只不过开开玩笑罢了（而已）。She came to the school in 1998. She had taught English in two schools. 在那以前T

14、he old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.曾经Note that the words “sense” and “sensitivity” are different. 两个两个词不同Paragraph Translation PracticeParagraph Translation Practicev Her face had latterly changed with changing Her face had latterly changed with changing states of mind, cont

15、inually fluctuating between states of mind, continually fluctuating between beauty and ordinariness, according as the beauty and ordinariness, according as the thoughts were gay or grave. One day she was thoughts were gay or grave. One day she was pink and flawless; another pale and tragical. pink a

16、nd flawless; another pale and tragical. When she was pink she was feeling less than When she was pink she was feeling less than when pale; her more perfect beauty accorded when pale; her more perfect beauty accorded with her less elevated mood; her more intense with her less elevated mood; her more

17、intense mood with her less perfect beauty. It was her mood with her less perfect beauty. It was her best face physically that was now set against best face physically that was now set against the south wind.the south wind. Versions Appreciationv译文译文1 1： 她近来的面貌，跟着她的心境变换：心境有时她近来的面貌，跟着她的心境变换：心境有时忧郁，有时快

18、活，面目也随着有时平常，有时美忧郁，有时快活，面目也随着有时平常，有时美丽。有的时候，她就娇妍完美；另有的时候，她丽。有的时候，她就娇妍完美；另有的时候，她就灰白、凄楚。她脸上娇妍的时候，她就不像她就灰白、凄楚。她脸上娇妍的时候，她就不像她脸上灰白的时候那样多愁善感；脸上灰白的时候那样多愁善感；她更完美的美丽，她更完美的美丽，和她较为轻松的心情，互相协调；她更紧张的心和她较为轻松的心情，互相协调；她更紧张的心情，和她比较稍差的美丽互相融合。现在迎着南情，和她比较稍差的美丽互相融合。现在迎着南风而摆出来的那副面孔，正是她的形体方面表现风而摆出来的那副面孔，正是她的形体方面表现得恰到好处的那一种。得恰到好处的那一种。-语句读来拗口，表达欠流畅，欠通顺，且表义不语句读来拗口，表达欠流畅，欠通顺，且表义不清。清。 德伯家的苔丝人民文学出版社v 译文译文2 2 近来她的面容总是