2022年2022年初中英语句子成分及练习

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载句子的成分1 名词 nouns n.表示人或事物的名称box、pen、tree、apple2 代词 pronouns pron.代替名词.数词.形容词we、this、them、myself3 形 容 词adjectivesadj.用 来 修 饰 名 词 、表 示 人 或 事 物 的 特 征good、sad、high、short4 数词 numeralsnum.表示数目或次序one、two、first5 动词 verb v.表示动作或状态jump、sing、visitvt.为及物动词vt后必需跟宾语： sing a songvi.为不及物动词 v

2、i后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high6 副 词adverbs（ adv.修 饰 动 . 形 . 副 等 词 、表 示 动 作 特 征there、widely、suddenly7 冠词 articles art.用在名词前 、 帮忙说明名词所指的范畴a、an、the8 介词 prepositions prep.用在名词或代词前、 说明它与别的词的关系in、on、down、up9 连词 conjunctions conj.表示人或事物的名称if、because、but10 感 叹 词interjectionsint.代 替 名 词 . 数 词 . 形 容 词 等oh、hello、hi、y

3、eah句子为由词按肯定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位；句子的开头第一个字母必需要大写,结尾要有句号“. ”,问号“？”或感叹号“！”；句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分；英语的基本成分有七种：主语（ subject）.谓语（ predicate）.表语（ predicative）.宾语（ object ）.定语（ attribute）.状语 adverbial和补语（ complement）；主语和谓语为句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必需有主语和谓语）；表语.宾语和宾语补足语为谓语里的组成部分； 其他成分如定语和状语为句子的次要部分；下面我们分别叙述一下句子的各个成分

4、：1 主语主语为谓语叙述的对象,表示所说的“为什么”或“为谁”；一般由名词.代词.不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当；它在句首；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载we study in no.1 middle school.（叙述“谁”）我们在一中学习；to teach them english is my job.（不定式作主语）教他们英语为我的工作；留意 :不定式作主语时, 常用形式主语 it句型,因此左例可变为itismyjob to teach them english.（真正的主语为to teach them english.）2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,

5、“为什么”或“怎么样”；谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必需用动词；谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必需一样；它在主语后面；hisparentsaredoctors.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）他的父母亲为医生； she looks well.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）她看起来气色（面色）很好； we study hard.（实义动词作谓语）我们努力学习；we have finished reading the book.（助动词和实义动词一起作谓语）我们已经看完了这本书；he can speak english.（情态动词和实义动词作谓语）他会说英语；3 表语表语说明主语“为什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词.

6、形容词.副词.介词.不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任；它的位置在系动词后面；you look younger than before.（形容词作表语）你看起来比以前年轻；i am a teacher.（名词作表语）我为个老师；everybody is here.（副词作表语）全部的人都出席了；they are at home now.（介词短语作表语）他们现在在家；my job is to teach them english.（不定式作表语）我的工作为教他们英语；4 宾语宾语为动作.行为的对象,由名词.代词.不定式或相当于名词的词.短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语

7、之后；（直接宾语.间接宾语详见后面五种基本句型）；she is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）她正在弹钢琴；he often helps me.（代词作宾语）他常常帮忙我；he likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作宾语）他喜爱在露天睡觉；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载we enjoy living in china.（动名词作宾语）我们兴奋住在中国；5 状语状语用来修饰动词.形容词或副词；一般表示行为发生的时间.地点.目的.方式.程度等意义,一般由副词.介词短语.不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示；

8、状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首.句中；（详见副词）he did it carefully.（副词作状语）他认真.认真地做这项工作；without his help, we couldn't work it out.（介词短语作状语）假如没有他的帮忙,我们不行能解决这个问题；（ in order） to catch up with my classmates, i must study hard.（不定式作目的状语）为了赶上我的同学,我必需努力学习；6 定语定语为用来修饰名词或代词的；形容词.代词.数词.名词.介词短语.不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语；由于它为修饰名

9、词或代词的,而名词和代词又可以作主语,仍可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很敏捷,凡为有名词.代词的地方都可以有定语；the black bike is mine.主语部分 形容词作定语 这辆黑色的自行车为我的 .what is your name.表语 代词作定语 你叫什么名字 . they made paper flowers.宾语 名词作定语 他们生产纸花；the boys in the room are in class three grade one.介词短语作定语 这间屋子里的男孩们为一年级三班的.i have something to do.不定式作定语 我仍有一些事去做 .五种基

10、本句型句子为由主语.谓语动词.表语.宾语.宾语补足语等组成的,依其组合方式可分为五种基五种基本句型见下表精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载种类句型主语谓语动词sv表语宾语宾补pooc精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载1s+v+pweare 系动词 students2s+vwework 不及物 3s+v+oheplays及物 the piano4s+v+o+ochemade及物 the boylaugh精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载s+v+ino 间接宾5语 +do 直接宾语shegave 及物

11、 me a pen精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载一.主（语）谓（语）s v主语（略）能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词, 也就为说只有动词具有作谓语的“专利”,所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”；为了更好地懂得这个句型以及下面的三个句型,在这里我需要补充说明两点：一.宾语二.及物动词和不及物动词；宾语,为动词作用的对象,通常为由名词或代词来充当（想一想：主语为由什么充当的？）,从位置上来看,位于谓语动词之后,例如：he reads english .在这里 english就为作 reads的宾语；在英语中,宾语通常为做动词或介词的宾语即构成动宾短语或

12、介宾短语（介词短语）,也就为说,做宾语的,要么为做动词 的宾语,要么为做介词的宾语,二者必居其一；有些动词后面通常直接跟用作宾语的名词或代词；在语法上,这些动词称为“及物动词” ,有些动词后面通常不直接跟宾语,这些动词称为 “不及物动词” ,例如： i like english .其中的 like为及物动词；要领一.及物动词后面必需加宾语,由于不加宾语,句意就不完整了； 要领二.及物动词后面直接加宾语,不及物动词后为不能直接加宾语,但有些不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后就可以加宾语了（例如： look 为典型的不及物动词,后面为不能接宾语的,但为假如加上适当的介词就可以跟宾语如 look at

13、the blackboard . look for the child.look after his mother 等等）；要领三. 绝大多数动词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,只作及物动词或不及物动词的动词为很少一部分；只 能当不 及物 动词的 词sleep睡觉walk步行swim游 泳happen（ take place）发生go去 come来 work工作laugh笑stay呆在arrive到达请观看,他“身影”常常显现在哪里？回答这个问题之前,我们需要对状语的各路神仙加以分类,看看他们都属于那路神仙,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载i get up a

14、t six. 我在六点种起床 介词短语在此处为表示时间的,为时间状语（上帝呀,你不会又发出疑问吧,什么为介词短语呀,介词大家都知道吧, 如 in.on. under等等之类的,假如介词后面加上了宾语,就把它叫做介词短语,如： in the room .on the desk .under the table ）； 介词短语作时间状语的许多,类似的如： on sunday. in september 、in 2021 等等,副词也可作时间状语,如：already 已经 before （以前） now （现在） yesterday （昨天） today（今日） tomorrow （明天） soon

15、（不久）,这些应当熟记之；表示时间就为时间状语、 那表示地点的呢 .对喽 、 就为地点状语；he did his homework at home（他在家做的家庭作业）介词短语 在此处为表示地点的,为地点状语 ；副词 也可作 地点状语 ,如：here（这儿）. there （那儿）. up （上面） .down（下面） .upstairs （楼上）.downstairs （楼下） . anywhere （任何地方）等等；he is often late. 他常常迟到 副词 在这里为作 频度状语 ,表示常常； 常见的仍有 always（总为） .ever（曾经）. never （从来不）. se

16、ldom（很少,不常）.sometimes （有时）. usually（通常）等等she danced beautifully. 她舞姿美丽 副词在这里为作 方式状语 ,为来修饰动词“跳舞”的,类似的仍有： quickly很快的 .bravely（英勇地） happily（兴奋地）. fast （很快地） .well （好地）he speaks english very well. 他的英语说的很好 副词 在这里为作 程度状语 ,为修饰副词 well的,类似的仍有： veryquitetoo等等；哇！关于状语的种类,我说了这么多,想必大家都已烦了吧,但为我在这里说的都为常见的状语,列出的例子大

17、家应当熟记；“解毒”状语之要领一 . 状语通常为有副词.介词短语来充当,为来说明动作或状态特点的句子成分；要领二 . 状语通常为来修饰谓语动词.副词.形容词；要领三 . 地点状语.时间状语显现的频度最高,而且二者都可由介词短语.副词充当；其他的状语大都为有副词充当；要领四 . 时间状语.地点状语的位置比较敏捷,可以在句首.句中.句尾；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载不过通常的位置在句尾；假如时间状语.地点状语同时在一个句子中显现,一般情形下,地点状语在前,时间状语在后；要领五 . 频度副词的位置一般在谓语动词之前,be动词之后或助动词（如havehascan等）与

18、一般行为动词（如runworkdraw）之间；二.主语谓语宾语s v o此句型为由三部分组成,主语.谓语.宾语；（想想看,该谓语动词应当为及 物动词仍为不及物动词）这三种成分在上面都已经讲过；这里要对宾语作进一步的补充说明, 大家知道, 宾语主要为由名词和代词充当的,其实,作宾语常见的仍有：动词不定式（ to do）/动名词（ doing） 、比如： he wanted to go home to go home 作 want的宾语；he likes listening to music listening to music 作 like的宾语；需要留意的为： 动词后面接名词或代词作宾语对全部

19、及物动词都行得通的,但并不为全部的及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式或动名词；这里有三种情形： 其一.有些动词后面只可以接动词不定式,其二.有些动词后面只可以接动名词,其三.有些动词两者都可以接、 记忆这些单词的用法的要领如下：要领之一 ：下面的动词后面只可以接动名词,一句话要决记之：“ megafeps” 霉咖啡不吃 mind（介意）. miss（错过）. enjoy （喜爱）. giveup（舍弃）. admit （承认）. avoid （防止）. finish（完成）. escape（逃脱）. practise（练习）. suggest建议要领之二 ：下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式、 一句

20、话要诀记之： “要想干,同意办,情愿不情愿,打算尽量干；”a. 要求,想要,期望 want .wish .hope.expect .intend.meanb. 同意 agree .promisec.意愿 care .hate .refused.打算,妄想 determine.decide .offer.attempt.try.manage要领之三 ：下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式begin to do something doing something. start to do something doing something. continue to do something d

21、oing something. forget to do something doing something.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载remember to do something doing something. regret to do something doing something.like to do something doing something.love to do something doing something. hate to do something doing something.try to do something d

22、oing something mean. to do something doing something.stop to do something doing something练习一 ： 判定以下句子为主谓结构仍为主谓宾结构,假如为主谓宾结构请指出为由什么充当的宾语（名词.代词.动词不定式.doing等等）1 he arrived yesterday.2 the boy is crying loudly. 3 she died in 2000.4 the man disappeared in the street. 5 i like music.6 she wanted some help

23、7 i slept well last night.8 tom built a house last year.9 i bought a computer in the street yesterday 10 .tom often swims in the river三.主（语）系（动词）表（语）s v p系动词为联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它为起到联系作用的动词,为连接主语和表语的；系动词的数量为有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一 be动词类： am. is.are.was .were二 表示变化类： become. get. turn. grow.go

24、三 感官动词类 :眼（ look）耳 sound 鼻smell舌taste身feel四 表示连续性的动词： remain.stay.keep常常会有同学问“啥为表语呀？”答曰：表语有两个特点：一从位置上来讲,它总为在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密,没有系动词,就没有表语：没精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载有表语,就没有系动词,正所谓“皮之不存,毛将焉附”）；二从意义上讲,表语通常为来说明主语的性质.特点的； 表语通常为由形容词. 介词短语. 名词.代词.动词不定式. doing等来充当；练习二 ：找出下面句子中的主语.系动词及表语,并指出主语和表语分别为由什

25、么词性或词类来充当的；1 kate was here yesterday.2 my father became a teacher in 1978. 3 the weather gets hot in summer.4 she looks beautiful.5 the flower smells good. 6 we were very happy.7 you are right.8 the soup tastes delicious. 9 the chair is yours.10 the children are asleep.四主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语s v ino间接宾语 do

26、 直接宾语 shegave及物 mea pengive me a book.一人一物做宾语就为双宾语. 说得明白一点 、 双就为两个的意思；此句型的关键为记住哪些动词后面要接双宾语,由于并不为全部的及物动词后面都可以接宾语的,只有少数的动词；此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为 " 间接宾语 " ,多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为" 直接宾语 " ,往往由名词充当； 这类句型常有 " 给某人某物 " ." 送某人某物 " ." 留给某人某物 " 等意思；（全部能带双宾语的动词含义的内

27、核含有一个“给”字；常见的这类谓语动词有：give给某人、bring带给某人、 bring somebody somethingtell 告知某人、 tell somebody somethingsend送给某人、 send somebody somethingleave留给某人、 leave somebody somethingpass递给某人、 pass somebody something精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载read给某人读、 read somebody somethingwrite给某人写、 write somebody somethingta

28、ke给某人拿、 take somebody somethingshow给某人看、 show somebody somethingteach教给某人、 teach somebody somethingget给某人弄到、 get somebody somethinglend借给某人、 lend somebody somethingbuy给某人买、 buy somebody somethingpay支付给某人、 pay somebody somethinghand递给某人；hand somebody something带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为a.b 两类） a：动词后加 togiv

29、e给show给看send寄,打电报bring带read读pass 递给lend借给leave留给hand交给tell告知return把仍给write给写信throw扔promise答应refuse拒绝b：动词后加 formake生产,制造buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令sing唱歌 pay为交钱五.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语s v o oc这个句型在有的语法书上又叫做主语谓语复合宾语,这里的复合宾语=宾语宾语补足语,这里又新增加一个“东东”：宾语补足语；说起宾语补足语来,我们先从中学你熟识的三个句型说起：ask somebody to do something（邀请某人做

30、某事） tell somebody to do something（告知某人做某事） want somebody to do something（要求某人做某事）例. i asked him to have dinner.能够作宾补的有许多,我们这里只学习几种常见的：不带 to的动词不定式介词短语形容词等等；第一, 哪些动词后面为跟带to的动词不定式 （动词不定式可以分为带to的动精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载词不定式和不带to的不定式两种, 不带 to 的不定式实际上就为动词原形）作宾补的；主要有：order somebody to do something

31、want somebody to do something tell somebody to do something invite somebody to do something ask somebody to do something beg somebody to do something 留意上面的有六个单词可以跟动词不定式作宾补,我们可以根据语气的强弱来记忆这几个单词：命令要求告知邀请恳求恳求此外,仍有advise somebody to do something allow somebody to do something warn somebody to do somethin

32、g teach somebody to do something其次,哪些动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的,我们可以用下面一句话来帮忙你记忆：一感二听三让五看半帮忙这里:一感（ feel ）二听（ hear listen to）三让（ let make have ）五看（ see watch notice observe look at）半帮忙（ help ） .即： feel hear listen to let make leave somebody do sthseewatchnoticeobservelook athelp上面这些词都为用于动词后面可以跟不带to 的动词不定式

33、,应熟记之；最终, 哪些动词后面为跟doing作宾补的, 我们仍旧可以借助上面的句子来记 忆,上面的单词中除了三让（haveletmake）半帮忙（ help ）不能跟 dong 作宾补之外,其它都为可以的；（即：一感二听五看,实际上它们都属于感官动词）留意：第 4 种句型和第 5 种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较（1） he gave me a book.（双宾语）他给我一本书；（2） he calls me tom.（复合宾语）他叫我汤姆；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载例（ 2）中的宾语me（我）,和宾语补足语tom（汤姆）,可以成为规律上的主谓关系,即“我

34、为汤姆”；但例（ 1）就不行以,不能想像为“我为一本书”,所以双宾语没有规律上的主谓关系；凭这一点,我们就可以很简单的区分开它们了；hemadethe boylaugh.他使男孩笑 .主谓宾宾补（宾语 the boy和后边的成分 laugh ,可以想像为“男孩笑”,即可以成为一句话,也就为规律上的主谓关系, 而不为真正的主谓关系, 这样,可以确定“ laugh ” 为宾补；）she bought me a pen.她买给我一支笔；（宾语 me（我）和后面的词a pen （一支笔）不行能成为规律上的主谓关系,不行能想像为“我为一支笔”,所以就为双宾语；）练习一 ： 判定以下句子为主谓结构仍为主谓

35、宾结构,假如为主谓宾结构请指出为由什么充当的宾语（名词.代词.动词不定式.doing等等）1 he arrived yesterday.2 the boy is crying loudly. 3 she died in 2000.4 the man disappeared in the street. 5 i like music.6 she wanted some help 7 i slept well last night.8 tom built a house last year.9 i bought a computer in the street yesterday 10 .tom

36、often swims in the river精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载练习二 ：找出下面句子中的主语.系动词及表语,并指出主语和表语分别为由什么词性或词类来充当的；1 kate was here yesterday.2 my father became a teacher in 1978. 3 the weather gets hot in summer.4 she looks beautiful.5 the flower smells good. 6 we were very happy.7 you are right.8 the soup taste

37、s delicious. 9 the chair is yours.10 the children are asleep.练习三判定以下句子为主谓+双宾语结构仍为主谓+复合宾语,假如为主谓+复合宾语,请指出复合宾语为由什么充当的；1. i watch the boy playing foot ball.2. my good friend told me a story.3. tom lent me a pencil.4. lili noticed two dogs fight .5. i looked at her flying a kite .6. please hand me the pa

38、per .7. the lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.8. he wanted you to go with him.9. lu yang told the little boy to go home.10. she asks me to help her .11. my parents leave me some money .12. lucy leads me a pencil .13. mother got me some tea .14. lilei found 100 yuan in the room.15. he showed

39、 me her photos .精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载划分句子成分练习练习题（ 1）1.they are working on the farm now. 2.seeing is believing3. all of us like kobe bryantverymuch4. she becamea doctorin 1998 5.the book lying on the floor are mine 6.suddenly it begins to rain7.to catch the train 、i got up early yesterday8.

40、i always find her happy9. hewondersifistillstudyenglish10. theletterwhichi receivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywas afriendofmine11. we always work hard at english. 12.he said he didn't come.13.they love each other. 14.what did you bye.15.she watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is

41、to help the old.17. speaking doesn't mean doing.18. bye the time i got to the station、the train had left.19. the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20. it takes me an hour to get there.练习题 2（一.指出以下句中主语的中心词 the teacher with two of his students is walkin

42、g intothe classroom. there is an old man coming here.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载 the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. todo today'shomework withouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult. 二.选出句中谓语的中心词 i don't like the picture on the wall.a. don'tb. likec. pictured. wall

43、 the days get longer and longer when summer comes.a. getb. longerc. daysd. summer do you usually go to school by bus.a. dob. usuallyc. god. bus there will be a meeting at the librarythis afternoon.a. will beb. meetingc. the libraryd. afternoon did the twins have porridge for their breakfast.a. didb.

44、 twinsc. haved. breakfast tom didn't do his homework yesterday.a. tomb. didn'tc. dod. his homework what i want to tell you is this.a. wantb. to tellc. youd. is we had better send for a doctor.a. web. hadc. sendd. doctor he is interested in music.a. isb. interestedc. ind. music whom did you g

45、ive my book to.a. giveb. didc. whomd. book 三挑出以下句中的宾语 my brother hasn't done his homework. people all over the world speak english. you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. how many new words did you learn last class. some of the students in the school want to go swimming、 how aboutyou

46、. the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载 they made him monitor of the class. go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. you will find it useful after you leave school. they didn't know who "father christmas" really is. 四挑出以下句

47、中的表语 the old man was feeling very tired. why is he worried about jim. the leaves have turned yellow. soon they all became interested in the subject. she was the first to learn about it. 五挑出以下句中的定语 they use mr. mrs. with the family name. what is your given name. on the third lap are class 1 and class

48、 3. i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. the man downstairs was trying to sleep. i am waiting for the sound of the other shoe.（六挑出以下句中的宾语补足语 shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthe reading-room. he asked her to take the boy out of school. she found it difficult to do the work.

49、 they call me lily sometimes. i saw mr. wang get on the bus. did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now. 七挑出以下句中的状语 there was a big smile on her face. every night he heard the noise upstairs. he began to learn english when he was eleven. the man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. with the medicine box under her arm、 miss li hurried off.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载 she loves the library because she loves books. i am afraid that if you've lost it、 you must pay for it. the students followe