超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习实用教案

1、一个(y )美丽的女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置(qin zh)定语）一个(y )穿白色衣服的女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩 a girl is singing whois singing（定语从句）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。什么是定语？第1页/共70页第一页，共71页。Li Ming is a boy.Li M

2、ing has a pair of _ glasses. 形容词作定语(dngy)在复合句中，对一个名词(mng c)或代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。goodLi ming is a boy who/that is good.从句(cn j)做定语redLi Ming has a pair of glasses which/that is red.从句做定语第2页/共70页第二页，共71页。定语(dngy)从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句（没有逗号(duho)隔开）The Non-Restrictive Attributive Cl

3、ause非限制性定语从句(cn j)（有逗号隔开）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The novel , which I have read three times, is very toughing.第3页/共70页第三页，共71页。 先行(xinxng)词引导(yndo)词(关系词） 从句(cn j)Li ming is a boy who/that is good.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子一、定语从句结构分析：先行词+引导词+从句第4页/共70页第四页，共71页。This is the card

4、that Ive just received.先行词（被修饰(xish)的名词或代词）引导(yndo)词（引导(yndo)从句的词） 从句(cn j)关系代词 关系副词who,that ,which ,whom, whose Where, when,why第5页/共70页第五页，共71页。二、引导(yndo)定语从句的关系词指代(zh di)人 指代(zh di)事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因 who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，of whichwherewhenwhy关系(gun x)代词关系副词关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分什么是句子成分？第6页/共7

5、0页第六页，共71页。五大五大(w d)基本句型基本句型1.1.主语(zh(zhy y)+)+谓语vivi2.主语(zhy)+谓语vt+宾语3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补5.主语+系动词+表语成分：主语or宾语缺成分找代词不缺找副词第7页/共70页第七页，共71页。 1.Harry Porter is a boy _has magic power. 2.Do you know the man _ we saw at the Beijing Hotel? 3.I know the girl _mother is a teacher. 4.Hospital is a

6、place _a doctor worksWho/thatwherewhosewhom第8页/共70页第八页，共71页。实战实战(shzhn)演练演练1.This is beijing_is beautiful.2.This is beijing_I vivsted.3.This is beijing_I lived.4.There is a house_roof is broken.which/thatwhich/that/不where/in whichwhose主 代词宾 代词不缺 副词(fc)的 所属第9页/共70页第九页，共71页。1.He is the teacher _ can s

7、peak French.2. Im not interested in the book_ has just been published.3. The teacher praised the student _English is the best in our class.4. I still remember the day _ I first came to the school. 5.I want to know the place _ I was born.6.I know the reason _ he was late.Who/tnatwhich/thatwhenwherewh

8、ywhose第10页/共70页第十页，共71页。1.Do you know the reason _she was late.2. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week.3. I will never forget the day _ I came to school.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.4. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told m

9、e. The reason _he explained is not true. where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhichwhy第11页/共70页第十一页，共71页。whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物(zh w)，指物(zh w)时可与 of which互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue This is the book the cover of which i

10、s blue第12页/共70页第十二页，共71页。Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday. 第13页/共70页第十三页，共71页。Mr King was

11、 quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have told you.第14页/共70页第十四页，共71页。.The chair is being repaire

12、d now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms Ki

13、ng第15页/共70页第十五页，共71页。This teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.第16页/共70

14、页第十六页，共71页。1 The river _are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 Themanager_company they worked agreed _their dec

15、ision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car B we got here by c

16、arC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got hereDADBC第17页/共70页第十七页，共71页。6 Will you please show me the girl _name is Linda? A who B whom C whose D which7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time. A which B of which C its D whose8 Do you know who is living in that house _wind

17、ows face south? A whose B which C which of D its9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？ A that B its C which D whose 10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996. A whose B in whose C of which D his 11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels. A whose B who C whom

18、 D his 12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow. A whose the top B of which top C its top D of which the top CDADBCD第18页/共70页第十八页，共71页。As 也可以用来引导(yndo)定语从句.当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语(zhy)、宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I

19、should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.第19页/共70页第十九页，共71页。whenwhen指时间指时间(shjin)(shjin)，在定语从句中做时间，在定语从句中做时间(shjin)(shjin)状语也可做连接词用状语也可做连接词用 (1)

20、 I still remember the day when I first (1) I still remember the day when I first came came toto the school. the school. (2) The time when we got together finally (2) The time when we got together finally came.came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (1

21、) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.been pulled down.第20页/共70页第二十页，共71页。why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reas

22、on why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以注意：关系副词引导的从句可以(ky)由由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.第21页/共70页第二十一页，共71页。介词+关系代词(dic)

23、引导的定语从句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor which第22页/共70页第二十二页，共71页。when在定语从句(cn j)中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the leagueon whichwhere在定语(dngy)从句中作地点状语

24、，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which第23页/共70页第二十三页，共71页。why在定语(dngy)从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.1. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited la

25、st week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true. where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich第24页/共70页第二十四页，共71页。“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意： 1介

26、词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行(xinxng)词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whic

27、h第25页/共70页第二十五页，共71页。B. 与谓语动词(dngc)的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which第26页/共70页第二十六页，共71页。 The boy (wh

28、om) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab. The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to himThe boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.第27页/共70页第二十七页，共71页。 This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the

29、boy (whom/that) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just nowDo you find the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now? Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?第28页/共70页第二十八页，共71页。关系代词作介词宾语的几种(j zhn)结构：1.介词(jic) + whomwhichThe woman general still r

30、emember the day on which she joined the army2.介词(jic) 短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhomThere are many books here , none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4.名词+ of whichSh mentioned a m

31、agazine,the title of which I have forgotten.She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.第29页/共70页第二十九页，共71页。part of whom/whichThere are 23 students in our class, A:_(他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些(yuxi)）are from Xiabancheng D:_（没有一个）are from Beijin

32、g all of whommost of whomsome of whomnone of whomThere are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:_ (他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些(yuxi)） are from Xiabancheng D:_ （没有一个） are from Beijingall of themmost of themsome of themnone of them第30页/共70页第三十页，共71页。Every student ha

33、s many books, A:_（大多数）are textbooks.B:_ （一些） are extra curricular books.C:_ （其余的）are reference books.D:_（没有(mi yu)一本）are novels.E:_（有几本）are English books.most of whichsome of whichthe rest of whichnone of whichseveral of which第31页/共70页第三十一页，共71页。1.Do you know who lives in the： building_there is a we

34、ll? A.in front of it B. in front of whoseC.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined theLeague. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklac

35、e. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.CABBC做做试试第32页/共70页第三十二页，共71页。6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from which D.from whom 7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.i

36、n which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during

37、 which B.in that C.where D.on whichDCDBA第33页/共70页第三十三页，共71页。11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which13.The speed_which you drive you

38、r car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sureCDatofinof第34页/共70页第三十四页，共71页。17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made

39、 a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very m

40、uch.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.atforinthroughwithof第35页/共70页第三十五页，共71页。1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help.3.

41、China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichTo whomof whichnone of whichwhichof whom第36页/共70页第三十六页，共71页。Exercise 1 :用关系代词(di

42、c)填空The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that第37页/共70页第三十七页，共71页。5. The man _ hair is white is his gr

43、andfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词(dic)只能用that.第38页/共70页第三十八页，共71页。Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a l

44、ot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行(xinxng)词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.第39页/共70页第三十九页，共71页。4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have

45、 read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词(dic)只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系(gun x)代词只能用that.thatthat第40页/共70页第四十页，共71页。 Jack saw a bicycle advertisement in a newspaper. The price was 68 dollars. So h

46、e went to the shop and asked to see the bicycle. The salesman was happy to show him . Jack checked the bicycle carefully. Soon,he said , “There isnt a lamp on this bicycle ,but there was one on the bicycle in the ad.” “Yes ,sir,” answered the man , “but the lamp isnt included in the price of the bic

47、ycle. “Not included in the price of the bicycle ?” Jack said angrily, “but the lamp was in the ad.It should be in the price.” “Well ,sir ,” answer the shop owner coldly, “there was also a girl on the bicycle in the ad ,but we cant give you a girl with the bicycle,either.” It is an ad _ Jack is a per

48、son_The bicycle in the ad is the one _第41页/共70页第四十一页，共71页。Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/whic

49、h is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?第42页/共70页第四十二页，共71页。 The house that they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.I will never forget the poor boy who have no arms. We have done e

50、verything which can be done .He is the only man who I know in the city .I have been to the park which there are a lot of flowers . The park where the old people usually go to is called Zhongshan park .Jim asked that who won .Look ! The tree where Jack is climbing is quite tall . 改错 （在学习定语从句时常会出现(chx

51、in)以下的错句）第43页/共70页第四十三页，共71页。限制性定语(dngy)从句和非限制性定语(dngy)从句：The man who came here yesterday has come again. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号(duho)分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然(rngrn)清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。第44页/共70页第四十四页，共71页。 1.His mother ,whom he loved de

52、arly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself.4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.说明：非限制性定语(dngy)不能用that 引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。第45页/共70页第四十五页，共71页。用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定

53、语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限限”是先行词不可缺少是先行词不可缺少的定语的定语.如果省去，主如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；句意思不完整或不明确；“非限非限”只是附加说明。只是附加说明。All the people were talking about the wonderful clothThe emperor had ordered to be wovenThey set up a state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.“限限”于主句之间不能用于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；逗号隔

54、开；“非限非限”与主与主句之间要用逗号隔开。句之间要用逗号隔开。She is the nurse who looks after the children.The letter is from my sister,who is working in Beijing.“限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导；“非限非限”不能用不能用that引导引导That is the very tool that we are looking forI saw a good film, which was about the Long March“限限”的关联词作宾语时的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可可省；非限

55、则不可I will never forget the day （that ）we spent together thereHis dog,which he liked very much, died yesterday.“限限”一般只修饰先行词；一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分或句子的一部分I have finished the novel that you lent me yesterdayHe suddenly fell ill, which prevented him from going to school

56、.第46页/共70页第四十六页，共71页。* As 和which 引导非限制性定语(dngy)从句的区别：Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样(nyng)”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc. eg. Einst

57、ein, as is known, is a famous scientist. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world. He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.第47页/共70页第四十七页，共71页。1._w

58、as natural,he married Jenny.2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he 4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows.5.It was raining,_was a pity.6._has been said above,grammar is a set of7.We do the same wor

59、k_they do. 8.The earth is round,_we all know. A.that B.which C.who D. as DACDDDDBD第48页/共70页第四十八页，共71页。定语从句(cn j)和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：从句是主动(zhdng)形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词； (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast o

60、n TV or the radio in China. There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.-At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.broadcastwaiting第49页/共70页第四十九页，共71页。