windlx系统结构实验报告模板

1、实验报告书课程名称：计算机系统结构题 冃： windlx模拟器实验学生姓名：专 业：计算机科学与技术班 级：信管计科00941学 号：指导老师：日 期：年月日一、实验目的：熟悉windlx的的基本概念和使用，了解各种不同指令在流水线的实际流动情况，对流水线做性能分析，加深对流水线及risc处理器的理解二、实验环境:windlx模拟器可以装入dlx汇编语言程序，然后单步、设置断点或 者连续执行该程序。cpu的寄存器、流水线、i/o和存储器都可以使用图形 的方式表示出来。模拟器还提供了对流水线操作的统计功能。该模拟器对理 解流水线和risc处理器的特点很冇帮助。windlx要求的硬件平台是ibm

2、pc兼容机，windlx是一个windows应用 程序，运行于windows 3.0以上的操作系统。三、实验步骤、结果分析:使用windlx模拟器，对fact, s做如下分析:(1)通过双击windlx图标开始模拟z前的准备工作:启动windlx,将出现-个带有六个图标的主窗口:殳windlx°|x|file window execute memory configuration breakp ointshelp(2)进行初始化模拟器，点击file菜单中的reset all菜单项，弹出一个“reset dlx”对话框。然后点击窗口中的“确认”按钮即可。(3) 在开始模拟z前，至少应装

3、入一个程序到主存。为此，选择file / load code or data,窗口中会列出目录中所有汇编程序。fact.s计算一个整型值的 阶乘；inputs中包含一个子程序，它读标准输入(键盘)并将值存入dlx处 理器的通用寄存器r1中。按如下步骤操作，把fact, s和input, s加载入主存。点击 fact.s点击select按钮点击 inputs点击select按钮点击zoa"按钮得到如卜图:file window ezecumemory confi guration breakpointdirectories:selected files:dl xprim.s struc

4、t1.s-a- -c- -d- -e- 卜 g-h-u docume邑也八桌面winclb<匕 ct.sdirectory: files: data_d.s fact.s gcm.scadocumel面'內indlx弹出一下询问对话框，点击“是”。load code or dataelfile(s) loaded successfully. reset dlx?1. 观察增加浮点运算部件对性能的影响。点击configuration打开菜单,然后点击floating point stages菜单项, 选择如下标准配置：floating point stage configurati

5、oncount:d elay:addition units:el2multiplication units:i5division units:i19number of units in each class: 1 <= m <= 8zdelay (clock cycles): 1 < = n <=50warning: if you change the values, the processorwill be reset automatically!okcancel(2)再点击executerun,输入15点，回车,在弹出的对话框出现消息”trap #0 occurre

6、d'1表明最后一条指令trap 0已经执行,trap指令中编号“0”没有定义，只是用来终止程序。点击确定。按f5进行查看: dlx-st andardi/0inputcancelian integer value >115factorial = 1.30767e+12关闭上而的对话框，在statistisc中得到结果如下所示:tota.丄:1 80 cyclefs) executed.id executed by 1 20 instruction(s).2 instruction(s) currently in pipeline.ha.i?dwa.i?e conf igui?a.

7、t ion :memory size: 32768 bytes faddex-stages: 1. required cycles: 2 fmulex-stages: 1. required cycles: 5 fdivexst3ges: 1, required cycles: 1 9 forwarding enabled.ste丄is:raw stalls: 1 7 (3.44 of all cycles), thereof:ld stalls: 3 (1 7.65 of raw stalls)branch-jump stalls: 3 (1 7.65立 of raw stalls) flo

8、ating point stalls: 11 (64.70： of raw stalls)v/aw stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)structural stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)control stalls: 20 (11.11 之 of all cycles)t rap stalls: 12 (6.67 of all cycles)total: 49 stall(s) (27.22 of all cycles)cond i t i ona. 1 bi?a.nches ):total: 1 8 (1 5.00； of all in

9、structions), thereof: taken: 2 (11.11 of all cond. branches) not taken: 1 6 (1 00.00 of all cond. branches)loa.d/stozce工nwtzruotions :total: 1 3 1 0.83 of all instructions), thereo上loads: 7 (53.85 of load-/s tore-l nstructions)stores: 6 (46.1 5 of load-/store-lnstructions)floaitinm point sta.ge inst

10、zruotions : total: 30 (25.00： of all instructions), thereof:additions: 1 4 (46.67 of floating point stage instj multiplications: 1 6 (53.33 of floating point stage instj divisions: 0 (0.00 of floating point stage instjtr-a.ps :traps: 43.33之 of all instructions)(4) 修改浮点数一次，参数如下图：floa± irtg poinf

11、taddition unitsmultiplication unitsdivision unitsco urit:delay:number of units in each class: 1 <= m <= 8delay (clock cycles): 1 <= n <= 50warning: if you change the values, the processor will be reset automatically!cancel修改浮点数后，单击ok,再点击executed run,输入15点，冋车，在弹出的对话框中点击确定。然后在statistisc中得到

12、结果如下所示：tot a.1 :1 80 cyclefs) executed.id executed by 1 20 instruction(s).2 lnstruction(s currently in pipeline.ha-x-dwa-a?© con f i gu.3?ai t i on.:memory size: 32768 bytes faddex-stages: 7, required cycles: 2 fmulex-stages: 7, required cycles: 5 fdivex-stages: 7, required cycles: 1 9 forwardi

13、ng enabled.ste.丄 is :raw stalls: 1 7 (9.44' of all cycles), thereof:ld stalls: 3 (1 7.65 of raw stalls)branch/jump stalls: 3 (1 7.65 of raw stalls) floating point stalls: 11 (64.70 of raw stalls)waw stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)structural stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)control stalls: 20 (11.11

14、之 of all cycles)t rap stalls: 1 2 (6.67 of all cycles)total: 49 stall(s) (27.22 of all cycles)condi i t i ona. 1 br-a.nch.es ):total: 1 8 (1 5.00； of all instructions), thereo上 taken: 2 (11.11 鬼 of ell cond. branches) not taken: 1 6 (1 00.00 of all cond. branches)zoa.d./s t uizcw i ns 13?u.c t i okl

15、w :total: 1 3 (1 0.83 of all instructions), thereof:loads: 7 (53.85 of load-/s tore-l nstructions)stores: 6 (46.1 5 of load-/store-lnstructions)f1 oa.t ing poin.t sta.ge inst:ruot ionm :total: 30 (25.00 of all instructions), thereo上additions: 1 4 (46.67 of floating point stage inst.) multiplications

16、: 1 6 (53.33之 of floating point stage inst) divisions: 0 (0.00 of floating point stage inst.)ti?a.ps :traps: 43.33玄 of all instructions)conf igura. floating point(5) 修改浮点数二次，参数如下图:count:delay:addition units:62multiplication units:75division units:19st agenumber of units in each class: 1 <= m <

17、= 8,delay (clock cycles): 1 <= n <= 50ok iwarning: if you change the values, the processorwill be reset automatically!cancel执行程序,输入点数15,然后在statistisc中得到结果如下所示:tote丄:1 80 cycle(s) executed.id executed by 1 20 instruction(s).2 instruction(s) currently in pipeline.ha.2rdwa.r-e con f i gur-a. t i

18、on :hd emory size: 32768 bytesfaddex-stages: 6, required cycles: 2 fmulex-stages: 7z required cycles: 5 fdivex-stages: 8z required cycles: 19forwarding enabled.stm丄is:raw stalls: 1 7 9.44之 of all cycles thereof: ld stalls: 3 (17.65 of raw stalls) branch/jump stalls: 3 (1 7.65 of raw stalls) floating

19、 point stalls: 11 (64.70 of raw stalls)waw stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)structural stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)control stalls: 20 (11.11 of all cycles)t rap stalls: 126.67之 of all cycles)total: 49 stall(s) (27.22 of all cycles)cond i t i ona. 1 branches ):total: 1 8 (1 5.00 of all instructions),

20、thereof: taken: 2 (11.11 of all cond. branches) not taken: 16 (100.00 of all cond. branches)loaid/s t oi?e i ns t r-uc t i ons :total: 1 3 (1 0.83 of all instructions), thereof: loads: 7 (53.85 of load-/s tore-l nstructions) stores: 6 (46.1 s% of load-/store-lnstructions)floa.ting* point sta.ge inst

21、zruotiokls:total: 30 (25.00 of all instructions), thereof:additions: 14 (46.67 of floating point stage inst) multiplications: 1 6 (53.33 of floating point stage inst.) divisions: 0 (0.00 of floating point stage inst.)tnratps :traps: 43.33玄 of all instructions)结论：从上面几次条件的改变下我们可以看出：增加浮点部件后执行该程序时结 果并没有

22、发生变化。曲此可见，浮点运算部件的增减对效率无影响，这是因为此 程序屮浮点计算指令没有重叠，所以并行度并没有增加，性能没有得到提高。2.观察增加forward部件对性能的影响。(1)增加 forward 部件情况:在 conf iguration 中使 enable forwarding 选项而为打钩状态。然后点击execute - > run运行，在弹出的对话框中输入15, 然后回车。在statistisc屮得到的结果图如下图所示：total:180 cycle(s) executed.id executed by 120 instruction(s).2 instruction(s)

23、 currently in pipeline.hardware conf igurat ion:memory size: 32768 bytes faddex-stages:required cycles: 2fmulex-stages: 1z required cycles: 5 fdivex-stages: 1, required cycles: 19 forwarding enabled.stel. is :raw stalls: 17 (9.44 of all cycles), thereof: ld stalls: 3 (17.65 of raw stalls) branchzjum

24、p stalls: 3 (17.65玄 of raw stalls) floating point stalls: 11 (64.70 of raw stalls)waw stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles)structural stalls: 0 (0.00% of all cycles)control stalls: 20 (11.11% of all cycles)trap stalls: 12 (6.67% of all cycles)total: 49 stall(s) (27.22% of all cycles)conditional branches):t

25、otal: 18 (15.00 of all instructions thereof: taken: 2 (11.11： of all cond. branches) not taken: 16 (100.00 of all cond. branches)load/storeinstruotions:total: 13 (10.83： of all instructions), thereof: loads: 7 (53.85% of loadvs tore-l nstructions) stores: 6 (46.15老 of load-/store-lnstructions)floa t

26、 inm poin t st age ins tzruut ions :total: 30 (25.00% of all instructions thereof: additions: 14 (46.67x of floating point stage inst.) multiplicalions: 1653.33龛 of floating point stage inst.) divisions: 0 (0.00； of floating point stage inst)traps:traps: 43.33玄 of all instructions) 不增加forward 件情况：点击

27、configuration中的enable forwarding使定向无效 (去掉小钩)，打开断点breakpoints图标并点击breakpoints菜单，删除所冇断 点，然后按f5,键入15后，按enter ,模拟程序一直运行到结束。在statistisc中得到以下的结果,如下图所示：tote丄：201 cycle(s) executed.id executed by 1 20 instruction(s).2 instruction(s) currently in pipeline.ha.r-dwa.r-e conf igu.3?a.t ion.: memory size: 32768

28、bytes faddex-s tages: 1, required cycles: 2 fmulex1, required cycles: 5 fdivex-stages: 1, required cycles: 1 9 forwarding disabled.stalis:raw stalls: 48 (23.88 of all cycles) waw stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles) structural stalls: 0 (0.00 of all cycles) control stalls: 20 (9.95 of all cycles) t rap st

29、alls: 1 2 (5.97 of all cycles) total: 80 stall(s) (39.80 of all cycles)cond. i t i onm 1 b2?am.clies ):total: 1 8 (1 s.ooxs of all instructions), thereof: taken: 2 (11.11 ：迄 of all cond ekriches not taken: 1 6 (1 00.00 of all cond. branches)zoaidlxs t o3?e i n.s 13?uc t i ons :total: 1 3 (1 0.83 of

30、all instructions), thereof: loads: 7 (53.85： of load-/s tore-l nstructions) stores: 6 (46.1 5 of load-/store-lnstructions)floa.tin.gr point mta.ge instzruotiokls :total: 30 (25.00 of all instructions), thereof:additions: 1 4 (46.67 of floating point stage inst.) multiplications: 1 653.33迄 of floating point stage inst.) divisions: 0 (0.00 of floating point stage inst.)tiraips :traps: 4 (3.33 of all instructions结论：我们先看一下statistics窗口中的各种统计数字：增加forwarding tii, 总的周期数(180)和暂停数(17 raw, 20control, 12 trap; 49 total)。当不增 加forwarding吋，重新查看静态窗口，你会看到控制暂停和trap暂停仍然