句子五种基本结构实用教案

1、一、 句子(j zi)基本成分（members of a stentence）：主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate宾语 Object定语(dngy) Attribute状语 Adverbial 表语 Predicate补语 Complement 同位语 Appositive第1页/共24页第一页，共25页。 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略(shngl)(shngl)或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型：

2、句型一: : 主+ +谓 S+V S+V 句型二：主+ +系+ +表 S+V+P S+V+P 句型三：主+ +谓+ +宾 S+V+O S+V+O 句型四：主+ +谓+ +间宾+ +直宾 S+V +IO +DO S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+ +谓+ +宾+ +宾补 S +V +DO +OC S +V +DO +OC第2页/共24页第二页，共25页。基本(jbn)(jbn)句型 一第3页/共24页第三页，共25页。 该句型中的动词为不及物，不及物动词词义自身完整，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个(y )(y )状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。 Birds sing beauti

3、fully. Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under the tree. They sit under the

4、 tree.第4页/共24页第四页，共25页。SV(不及物动词不及物动词)1. Time 2. I 3. The moon 4. They 5. He6. He7. They8. The man9. We all 10. The little birdsflies. see. rose. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday .is playing.have gone.cooked. eat, and drink.dispeared soon.第5页/共24页第五页，共25页。基本(jbn)(jbn)句型 二主系表SV P第6页/共24页第六页，共2

5、5页。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能(cinng)(cinng)表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 除了BeBe系动词外，还有一些动词可以用作系动词，如： 1.1.表示感官的动词，处于某种状态。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. appear, seem, etc. 2.2.表示转变变化的动词，状态的改变. become, get, grow, turn, go,

6、etc. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.第7页/共24页第七页，共25页。SV（谓语）（谓语）P（表语）（表语）1. We 2. This is 3. The dinner 4. everthing 5. The weather 6. His face7. The madicine 8. The machine areissmellslooksbecameturnedtastes goesChinese.an English book.good.different.warmer.red.awfulwrong.第8页/共24页第八页，共25页。基本(jbn)(

7、jbn)句型 三主谓宾SV O第9页/共24页第九页，共25页。 该句型的特点： 谓语必须为及物动词或及物动词词语，宾语必须是名词(mng c)(mng c)或者相当于名词(mng c)(mng c)的成分。也就是说，谓语动词不能够表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。第10页/共24页第十页，共25页。SV( (及物动词及物动词) )O（宾语）（宾语）1. We2. I 3. He 4. He 5. She 6. Tom 7. They 8. Lily lovelike knowsenjoyslaugh atsaidatemade our country.musi

8、ceverythingreading.her.“Good morning”.some apples.cakes.第11页/共24页第十一页，共25页。 注意(zh y)(zh y)一： 带V-ingV-ing做宾语的动词有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used be busy, be used toto, give up etc., give up

9、 etc. She loves window shopping. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework. May is busy doing the housework.第12页/共24页第十二页，共25页。 注意二： 带 toto do do 做宾语(bny)(bny)的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, offer, lea

10、rn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, helpdemand, ask, promise, help，prepareprepare，decide, determinedecide, determine，refuserefuse， dare dare，managemanage，wish, hope, wish, hope, want, expectwant, expect， fail fail，pretendpretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agre

11、e, refuse, learn, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc.help, plan, intend, etc. I want I want toto help him. help him. Mary decided Mary decided toto leave. leave.第13页/共24页第十三页，共25页。基本(jbn)(jbn)句型 四主谓间宾直宾SV IO DO请观察(gunch):1. I bring him a dictionary. 2. I bring a dictionary to him.

12、第14页/共24页第十四页，共25页。 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作(dngzu)的直接承受者(物或事)，另一个是动作(dngzu)的间接承受者（人）。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作(dngzu)的间接承受者在动作(dngzu)的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。朗读： I give you help. Mary teaches us English. I will show him my passport.第15页/共24页第十五页，共25页。 I sent him a book. I brought May a

13、 present. I will tell you a story.p She gave me her telephone number. = She gave her telephone number to me.p My father made me a kite =My father made a kite for me.第16页/共24页第十六页，共25页。间接宾语前需要(xyo)加to 的常用动词有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refu

14、se, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, etc.间接宾语前需要(xyo)加for的常用动词有： make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.第17页/共24页第十七页，共25页。基本(jbn)(jbn)句型 五 主谓宾宾补SV DODO OCOC第18页/共24页第十八页，共25页。 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是(dnsh)只跟一

15、个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出补充说明的成分，宾语与其补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。若无宾语补足语则句意不够完整。第19页/共24页第十九页，共25页。SVDOOC1.We 2.They 3.He 4.I 5.She 6.I 7.I 8.Mum9.I named madepaintedfoundkeeps foundwishtoldsawour puppyhim the wall the bookeverything him youusa catBaby.chairman.white.easy.

16、in good orderat workto stayto study hard.running across the road第20页/共24页第二十页，共25页。练习题： 1. Horses run fast. 主+谓 2. We study hard. 主+谓 3. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 主+谓+宾+宾补 4. Please pass me the salt. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 5. the flower smells sweet. 主+系+表第21页/共24页第二十一页，共25页。 6.My dream becomes true. 主+系+表 7.We found history book very interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补 8. Tom always makes me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补 9. Mary bought a ticket for me. 主+谓+直宾+间宾 10. Many animals live in forest. 主+谓第22页/共24页第二十二页，共25页。THANK YOU!第23页/共24页第二十三页，共25页。12/1/202