2022年英语听力入门第三册第四单元

1、学习必备欢迎下载unit 4 world news: earth and environment part warming up key words: desertification沙漠化the transformation of arable or habitable land to desert, as by a change in climate or destructive land use. 沙漠化： 由于气候的变化或对土地无限制地使用将可耕耘的或能居住的土地变成沙漠endangered reptile濒危的爬行动物endangered： faced with the danger

2、of extinction 濒临灭绝的：面临绝种的危险的reptile： any of various cold-blooded, usually egg-laying vertebrates of the class reptilia, such as a snake, lizard, crocodile, turtle, or dinosaur, having an external covering of scales or horny plates and breathing by means of lungs爬行动物：一种爬行纲的冷血的、通常是卵生的脊椎动物，例如蛇、晰蜴、鳄鱼、乌龟

3、或恐龙，具有鳞状外皮或角精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载质板块结构并用肺进行呼吸oil spill spill：to run or fall out of a container or containment 溢，溅：从容器或包围物中流出或溢出wildfires【林】林野火灾野火 directory通讯录a book containing an alphabetical or classified listing of names, addresses, and

4、other data, such as telephone numbers, of specific persons, groups, or firms 通讯录，工商行名录，号码簿：内含按字母顺序排列分类的人名、地址和其他资料的书，如特定的人、团体或公司的电话号码vocabulary: climatologistklaim?t?l?d?ist气象学家精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载deformity畸形a bodily malformation, distorti

5、on, or disfigurement. 畸形：身体的变形、扭曲或缺陷salamanders?l ?m?nd ?蝾螈any of various small lizardlike amphibians of the order caudata, having porous scaleless skin and four, often weak or rudimentary legs蝾螈：有尾目中一种像蜥蜴的小型两栖动物，具有多孔无鳞的皮肤和四条常无力或发育不完全的腿alligator?li.geit ?短吻鳄either of two large reptiles,alligator mis

6、sissipiensis of the southeast united states or a. sinensis of china, having sharp teeth and powerful jaws. they differ from crocodiles in having a broader, shorter snout 短吻鳄：两种大型爬行动物，美国东南部的密西西比鳄或中国的扬子鳄中一种，它们有尖利的牙齿和有力的颚部。和一精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备

7、欢迎下载般鳄鱼相比它们有更宽，更短的鼻子herbicide灭草剂a chemical substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds灭草剂：用来摧毁或抑制植物，尤指杂草的生长的化学物质blaze火光a brilliant burst of fire; a flame火光：熊熊烈火；火焰xeriscape无水绿化 ; 旱生园艺 ;节水型花园national geographic society world conservation union 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - -

8、 - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载coast guard the branch of a nations armed forces that is responsible for coastal defense, protection of life and property at sea, and enforcement of customs, immigration, and navigation laws 海岸卫队， 海岸警备队： 国家武装力量的分支，负责海岸防卫，保护海上生命和财产，实施海关法、移民法和航行

9、法everglades national park湿地国家公园el nino 厄尔尼诺现象，即赤道中、东太平洋海水表面温度偶尔增暖的现象。el nino 在西班牙语的意思为圣婴，所以也译作“圣婴现象”。amphibian?mfibi ?n n. 两栖动物 ,水陆两用飞机 ,水陆两用车精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载you are going to hear ten brief news items. focus your attention on “ who” ,

10、 “ what” , “ when” , “ where” , “ why” , and “ how” in each news item and then answer the questions. 1. what is the precise height of mount everest according to national geographic society s latest measuring? 29,035 feet, seven feet taller than was thought when it was last measured in the 1950s 1. t

11、he national geographic society just finished measuring mount everest and it is seven feet taller than was thought when it was last measured in the 0950s. in this case, a global positioning satellite 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载put the precise hei

12、ght of the world s tallest mountain at 29,035 feet. 2. what is the likely impact of climate change according to the new research? damage to crops in low-lying coastal regions could be worse than previously thought. 2. new research on the likely impact of climate change suggests that damage to crops

13、in low-lying coastal regions could be worse than previously thought. a draft report by leading climatologists predicts huge problems as a result of a falling crop yield in tropical and subtropical zones, and more floods and drought in temperate and humid regions. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - -

14、- - - - 第 7 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载3. what is the title of the conference in northern brazil? the third united nations conference on desertification 3. more than 2,000 delegates from around the world have gathered in northern brazil for the third united nations conference on desertificati

15、on. according to experts almost one-third of the world s dry land is either desert or runs the risk of becoming so. more than 200 million people are directly affected. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载4. what does a new study say about reptiles? repti

16、le species fare in greater trouble than amphibian species. 4. the disappearance and deformity of amphibians such as frogs and salamanders from rain forests and mountain lakes world-wide has attracted wide-spread scientific attention over the last decade. now a new study says reptile species includin

17、g turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater trouble. twice as many reptiles as amphibians, or some 100 species, are currently listed as endangered by the world conservation union. the study says habitat loss and degradation, pollution, 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 48

18、 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载disease, climate change, and over-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles. 5. what did the governors from columbia call for? a new approach in the flight against the illegal drugs trade 5. four regional governors from columbia, on a visit to w

19、ashington, have sharply criticized an american-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations. at a news conference the governors called for a different approach in the fight against the illegal drags trade, saying that the herbicides currently being

20、 used were harmful to public health and the 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载environment. 6. what are crews doing off the coast of mexico, about 50 miles south of san diego? they are working to clean up a huge oil spill. 6. crews are working to clean

21、 up a huge oil spill off the coast of mexico, about 50 miles south of san diego. the coast guard says about 110 thousand gallons spilt thursday during a fuel transfer between a tanker and an on-shore facility. 7. what is the serious threat for plants? one in every eight species of plants is 精品学习资料 可

22、选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载threatened with extinction. 7. much attention has been devoted to the threatened animal species. but what abut plants which are the fundamental bases of life? one in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction

23、. since all food chains begin in the sphere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, including humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicines, building materials, and other vital purposes. 8. how serious were the wildfires in florida? they lasted for nearly a week a

24、nd 65 thousand hectares in the southern part of the state were consumed. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载8. wildfires in the florida everglades have been contained after nearly a week of blazes that consumed 65 thousand hectares in the southern part

25、 of the state. the fires had spread to a largely unpopulated area outside everglades national park, a vast sawgrass prairie teaming with wildlife and vegetation. a drought influenced by the el nino weather pattern is to blame. 8. wildfires in the florida everglades have been contained after nearly a

26、 week of blazes that consumed 65 thousand hectares in the southern part of the state. the fires had spread to a largely unpopulated area outside everglades national park, a vast sawgrass prairie teaming with wildlife and vegetation. a drought influenced by the el nino 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - -

27、 - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载weather pattern is to blame. 9. what is now available? a new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “ boulder county green pages”9. a new local directory for the environmentally-aware is now available, called the “ boulder county

28、 green pages. ” the rotary clubs in boulder county got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this first-ever directory. it includes quick reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, energy conservation, and 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - -

29、- - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载more. the $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponsoring groups. 10. what does a u.s. space agency study recently find? greenland is melting around the edges, more than 50 cubic kilometers per year. 10. a u.s. space agency study finds that greenland

30、 is melting around the edges. the loss to the world s second largest ice sheet - more than 50 cubic kilometers per year - is enough to raise global sea level by 0.13 millimeters. nasa scientist bill krabill says the data indicates a process of change that does not immediately threatens the coastal r

31、egions. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载part news reports vocabulary: catastrophic .k?t ?str?fikof, relating to, or involving a catastrophe. 大灾难的：灾难的、与灾难有关的或卷入灾难的scarcity短缺insufficiency of amount or supply; shortage数量或供应不足；短缺：eg. “ having looked to

32、government for bread, on the first scarcity they will turn and bite the hand that fed them”(edmund burke) “他们依靠政府给予面包，稍有不足他们将转身撕咬那只曾抚养他们的手”obligation a social, legal, or moral requirement, such as a duty, contract, or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of 精品学习资料 可选择p d f

33、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载action 义务，责任：社会、法律或道德要求，如强迫某人服从或避免某些特定行为的义务、合约或诺言potable p?ut?blfit to drink 适于饮用的cf. portable p?:t?bl adj. 轻便的 ,手提式的n. 手提打字机sanitary free from elements, such as filth or pathogens, that endanger health; hygienichaid?i:nik 清洁的：不受对健康

34、有害的如污物或病原体等因素影响的；卫生的world meteorological organization 世界气象组织mi:ti ?r?l?d?ik?lliterli:t ? n. 升(容量单位 )精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 17 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载listen to the first news report. complete the news summary and then briefly answer the questions you hear on the tape

35、. summary: this news report is about the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. it will lead to catastrophic consequences unless global solutions are found soon. questions: 1. how many experts will attend the conference in geneva? 2. when will the conference begin? 3. what would the si

36、tuation be like in the year 2025 according to arthur askew? 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 18 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载4. in which areas could water shortage problems most probably develop? 5. what is the moral obligation put forward by arthur askew? 6. how much water does a

37、person need a day to survive? 7. how much water does a person need a day to live comfortably? 8. how much water are people in many countries now using each day? 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 19 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载answers to the questions: 1. how many experts will atten

38、d the conference in geneva? 150 2. when will the conference begin? monday 3. what would the situation be like in the year 2025 according to arthur askew? one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water 4. in which areas could water shortage problems most probably develop? middle east, parts

39、 of africa, western asia, northeastern china, western and southern india, large parts of pakistan and mexico, parts of the pacific coast of the united 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 20 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载states and south america 5. what is the moral obligation put forwa

40、rd by arthur askew? to treat water as a precious resource 6. how much water does a person need a day to survive? 5 liters 7. how much water does a person need a day to live comfortably? 50 liters 8. how much water are people in many countries now using each day? 500 liters 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - -

41、- - - - - - - - - 第 21 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载tapescript: the un water experts are warning that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequences in some developing nations unless global solutions are found soon. one hundred and fifty experts around the world will

42、 discuss the water situation at a conference beginning monday in geneva. a top official from the world meteorological organization arthur askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in areas suffering fro a scarcity of water. he says the number could double by the middl

43、e of the next century. mr. askew says one area with serious water problems is the middle east. but he says officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation. experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of africa and western asia as well as northeastern

44、china, 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 22 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载western and southern india, large parts of pakistan and mexico, and parts of the pacific coast of the united states and south america. mr. askew says there s a moral obligation to treat water as a precious reso

45、urce and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manufacturing. “ all commodities have used water in their production and you must be aware therefore that if you re importing food from one country to another you are in fact importing part of the

46、 water resources of that country.”mr. askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urban demands. “ in many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because of human consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitary purpose, it s coming for agr

47、iculture. and in general 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 23 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载about 80 percent of the water, which is consumed, i.e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. and there s considerable pressure no

48、w on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water more efficiently.”mr. askew says it s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50 liters a day. but he says people in many countries are using 500 liters of wat

49、er each day. he says ways must be fund to reduce such overuse before it s too late. b. key words: deteriorating to grow worse; degenerate: 恶化：变得更坏；退化精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 24 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载physical a physical examination. 体格检查vocabulary: vibrancy vaibr ?nsi

50、振动 , 振动性 , 活跃 , 响亮; 生气勃勃 ,活泼coral reef珊瑚礁an erosion-resistant marine ridge or mound consisting chiefly of compacted coral together with algal material and biochemically deposited magnesium and calcium carbonates珊瑚礁：一种耐侵蚀的海中山岭或高地，主要由珊瑚、海藻物质以及经过生化反应而沉积下来的镁和碳酸钙结合在一起而形成glaciergl?sj ?, glei? 冰川a huge mas

51、s of ice slowly flowing over a 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 25 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载land mass, formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation 冰川：巨大的冰块在巨大的地上慢慢滑动，由于一个地区雪的积累超出了融化和升华而形成的结实的雪形成了冰川worldwatch institute看守世界研究中心；世界

52、观察研究所state of the world 20002000 世界现况shell oil 壳牌石油公司vital sign生命征sign of life; usually an indicator of a persons general physical condition listen to the second news report. supply the missing words while listening. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 26 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载

53、an annual study by the worldwatch institute in washington says with the boom in the information economy , americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet. the fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education a

54、nd entertainment. the worldwatch institute gives the earth an annual physical exam. according to this year s result, almost all those vital signsof the health of the earth, including the number of species , the stability of climate, the health of coral reefs, show deterioration. other warning signs

55、are rising temperatures, falling water tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. the major environmental challenges in the 21stcentury will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 27 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - -

56、-学习必备欢迎下载tapescript: an annual study by the worldwatch institute in washing says with the boom in the information economy, americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet. state of the world 2000 says the fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from co

57、mmunication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment. lead author and worldwatch president lester brown says while americans generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet s health is suffering. he says it is a mistake “ to confuse the vibrancy of the virtual world with t

58、he increasing troubled state of the real world.”“ we give the earth an annual physical, and this book is the result of that annual physical. we check its vital signs and almost 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 28 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载all those vital signs, whether it s the

59、number of species, whether it s the stability of climate, whether it s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration. ”lester brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling water tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. he says the major

60、 environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth. worldwatch institute president lester brown also points out initiatives by multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. for example, daimler-chrysler and shell oil are working with