历年考研英语真题长难句解析(20211127083249)

1、历年考研英语真题长难句解析1. this is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in britain and america. 【译文】这不是昙花一现。 在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。【析句】这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。在第一句中， no 可以用 not a 代替。在后一个句子中， inflation是主语， lower 是谓语系动词的表语， than expected 和

2、 in britain and america，以及前面的 over the past couple of years都是介词短语作状语。【讲词】 a flash in the pan意为昙花一现的人或事 。many people believe that the young singer is a flash in the pan.(许多人认为那位歌手红不了多久。) when i first heard the news,i too dismissed it as a flash in the pan.(我一开始听到这个消息时，也认为这事长不了。 ) 2. economists have b

3、een particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in britain and the united states,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially americas,have little productive slack. 【译文】经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时候。【析句】这是一个主从复合句。主句的主干是economists have b

4、een particularly surprised 。在表示原因的状语从句中，其宾语从句中especially americas economy是 both economies的同位语。【讲词】 conventional意为 普通的，常规的 。a conventional church wedding( 传统的教堂式婚礼 ) ，conventional symbols(常用的象征 )，a conventional form of address(称呼的惯用形式 )，conventional weapons(常规武器 ) 。slack 可以作形容词、 副词、名词和动词， 其基本意思是 松懈;

5、松弛;减弱。a slack rope(一根未绷紧的绳子 )，slack muscles(松弛的肌肉)，a slack worker(粗心大意的工人 )。3. the most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective. some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between

6、 growth and inflation. 【译文】可惜的是，这最令人震惊的解释也有缺陷。一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经* 了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。【析句】第一个句子相对比较简单。第二个句子的主干是some economists argue，宾语是一个从句，而从句的宾语又跟了一个定语从句(that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation)，修饰 the old economic models。【讲词】 upend一词由动词短语 end up衍生而来，意为

7、“结束，* *”。defective意为“有缺陷的 ;( 智商或行为有 ) 欠缺的”，或“有缺陷的人(物)”。 he is defective in moral sense.(他不能分辨邪正。)his speech can only be described as defective.(他的演讲很有不妥之处。 ) 4. “is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” senator robert dole asked time warner executives last week. “you have sold you

8、r souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? ” 【译文】参议员罗伯特 ?多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高层人士时说：“难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子不成?”【析句】这是一个有直接引语的复杂句。首先抓住核心句senator robert dole asked time warner executives last week，其前后是直接引语。这个直接引语的前半部分是一个一般疑问句，后面由两个转折关系的句子构成，由连词but 连

9、接。第二个分句中， but 后面的句子是一个一般疑问句，由情态动词must 引导，包括由 and这个连词连接的两个并列部分(corrupt our nation和 threaten our children as well)。【讲词】 corrupt意为“(使)*;腐烂; 贿赂”，既可作动词也可作形容词。 he was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money.(他因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。)you are corrupted at heart.(你心术不正。 )the text was corrupte

10、d by careless copyists.(原文因抄写员粗心而有讹误。) 5. its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. 【译文】这只是在不同时期涉及责任、 创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。【析句】这是一个有定语从句的复杂句。主干为it is a self-examination，that 后面引导的是限定性定语从句，修饰，定语从句的宾语是一个of 词组，跟着三个并

11、列的名词短语，用来修饰和限定issues 。at various times 是插入语，作句子的状语。【讲词】 bottom line意为“底价 ; 底线”。 my bottom line is $3000.( 我的底价是三千元。 )the governments bottom line with regard to the trade issue has not changed.(政府关于贸易争端的底线并没有发生变化。 ) corporate意为“公司的 ; 社团的 ;法人的 ;共同的”。 they made a corporate effort to finish the job.(他们通

12、过集体的共同努力完成这项工作。)corporate responsibility(共同责任或法人责任 )。6. in 1992, when time warner was under fire for releasing ice-ts violent rap song cop killer, levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. 【译文】 1992年时代华纳公司因出品ice-t 乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲 警察杀手后备受谴责时， 莱文说说唱音乐只是街头文化的合法表达方式

13、，它应该有自己的宣泄途径。【析句】这是一个主从复合句，从句(when time warner was under fire for releasing ice-ts violent rap song cop killer)表示时间; 非限制性定语从句which deserves an outlet修饰 street culture 。【讲词】 under fire意为“受到攻击 ; 遭到抨击”。 the minister came under fire when the accident happened.(在事故发生后，那位部长遭到了抨击。 ) i was under fire when t

14、he board reviewed my proposal.(在董事会讨论我的提案时，我遭到了批评。) 1. the existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the big bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 【译文】巨大的宇宙云的存在， 实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。【析句】本句的主干为the existe

15、nce of the giant clouds was virtually required for the big bang，过去分词短语first put forward in the 1920s 在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的the big bang。【讲词】big bang是天文学的一个名词， 应该译成“大爆炸”或“大爆炸理论”。 put forward意为“提出”。 the council has put forward valuable concrete proposals on energy conservation.(委员会提出了宝贵而具体的节能意见。)china has put

16、 forward three historical sites for unesco heritage list.(中国提交三个历史名胜申请成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。) unesco的全称是 the united nations educational,scientific and cultural organization。2. astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the south pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structu

17、res,and may report their findings soon. 【译文】天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。【析句】本句为连词 and 引导的并列分句，主语为 astrophysicists，现在分词短语 (working with ground-based detectors at the south pole and balloon-borne instruments)是主语的后置定语，两个并列谓语分别为 are closing in on such structures和 may report their fi

18、ndings soon。【讲词】 to close in on 意为“接近”或“快要”。aol is closing in on launching video voip.(美国在线很快将推出网络视频电话。)deadly bird flu virus is closing in on europe.(致命的禽流感正在接近欧洲。 ) ground based 意为“陆基”，即基于陆地，也可以说land based 。以类似方式组成的单词还有web-based(基于网络的 ; 网上的)，如web-based email system(网络在线电邮系统 ) 。3. unlike most of th

19、e worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. 【译文】和世界上大多数火山不同的是，它们并不总是在构成地球表面的巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现; 相反，许多热点处于板块较深的内部。【析句】这是一个由两个分句组成的并列句，中间由分号隔开。在前一个分句中，unlike

20、 most of the worlds volcanoes是一个形容词短语，修饰句子的主语they 。定语从句 (that make up the earth s surface)修饰 the great drifting plates。第二个分句结构较简单，注意many of them 是指 many of the hot spots。【讲词】make up 意为“化妆 ; 补足; 拼凑; 组成; 编造”等。he made up an excuse for his absence in class, which was found out.(他编了一个借口没来上课，结果被发现了。)i ll

21、make up the difference in the bill.(我来补上帐单的差额。 )you have to make up the lost time by studying harder.(你应该更加努力学习，以弥补失去的时间。 )he kissed his wife and made up with her.(他吻了妻子，和她和好了。) 4. the complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two

22、 continents were once joined. 【译文】互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆曾经是连在一起的。【析句】这个单句的主语是the complementary coastlines and certain geological features ， 后面跟了一个定语从句 (that seem to span the ocean)，从句中 that 充当的是主语。全句的表语名词reminders 跟了一个 of 短语结构，其中包含一个表示地点的从句。【讲词】 reminder的意思是“暗示 ; 有提醒作用的人或物”。the museum serv

23、es as a reminder of the crimes committed against the people of nanjing.(纪念馆提醒人们不要忘记南京人民所遭受的暴行。) span 作名词表示“跨度 ; 范围”，作动词时意为“横越”。richard carleton, an award-winning journalist whose career in australian television spanned 40 years, died on sunday.(理查德卡尔顿星期天去世， 这位多次获奖的记者曾在澳大利亚的电视机构工作了 40年。)the thames is

24、 spanned by many bridges. (泰晤士河上架设了许多桥梁。) 5. if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory. 【译文】假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学理论获得了胜利，这种理论完善了大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。【析句】本句是一个主从复合句，从句是if引导的条件从句，主句

25、是 that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory 是 another scientific idea的同位语，其中过去分词短语(called the inflationary universe theory) 是 a refinement of the big bang 的后置定语。【讲词】 refinement意为“提炼，精致，文雅”。a refinement of the big bang意思是 the refined big bang theory,说明这种学说或理论完善了大爆炸论。此外，the inflationary universe theory应翻译成“宇宙膨胀理论”或“宇宙膨胀说”。inflationary意为“膨胀的”，其动词形式是inflate。he was infla