高考的英语句子成分分析报告05063

1、word 文案大全part1 英语句子成分一、词类英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词 (n.) ： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词 (pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词 (adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词 (num.) ： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, th

2、ird, fourth. 5、动词 (v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词 (adv.)： 修饰动词、 形容词或其他副词, 说明时间、 地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词 (art.)：用在名词前 , 帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词 (prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词 (conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹

3、词 (interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分1. 主语：一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句或名词化形容词等充当。如：the car is running fast. / the girl can sing many english songs.(名词 ) we are students. / this is my pen . yours is on the desk.(代词 ) one of my classmates is from shanghai. / two and three is five.(数词 ) the

4、blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) its bad manners to spit in public. (不定式 ) eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词 ) 【注意】 假如不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语， 而把真正的主语( 不定式短语 )放在句后。2. 谓语： 一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单word 文案大全独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to 的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语局部。如：由单一动词作谓语：we are chinese

5、. / he has an english- chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：we can play the piano. / you must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：she is talking with her sister. / i have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。：一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look ，get ，sound( 听起来 ) ，feel ，bee， smell ，turn ，taste(尝起来 ) 等。如：th

6、ey are workers.(名词 ) two and three is five.(数词 ) the story is very interesting.(形容词 ) m y job is teaching english.(动名词 ) she is at home.(介词短语 ) i feel terrible.(形容词 ) the dish tastes delicious.(形容词 ) he is here (副词 ) it s getting dark. / he got very angry. / the hill has turned green. (形容词 ) be动词 am

7、，is ，are, was, were表保持 keep, stay系动词表改变 get ， bee ， turn 感官动词 feel ，sound，seem/look ，taste ，smell 4. 宾语： 是与物动词所涉与的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式与动名词等充当。如：he is doing his homework. / i saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词 ) they did nothing this morning. / i met him on my way home.(代词 ) i want three./ pl

8、ease pass me the first. (数词 ) word 文案大全she wants to go home.(不定式 ) we enjoy playing football.(动名词 ) 【注意】 有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人， 直接宾语指物。 这类动词常见的有：give ，buy，lend ， pass， tell，leave 等。如：he bought me a book. pass me the ball，will you？( 间宾直宾 ) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但假如把直接宾语放在前面，如此要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to 或 for等。如：han chen l

9、ent some money to tom.(直宾间宾 ) lucy bought a dictionary for tom.(直宾间宾 ) 有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。 这类动词有： want ， wish ， hope ， promise ，decide ，agree ， choose ，care 等。如：i hope to see you again. 有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy ，finish，mind，practise，miss ， suggest ，keep(on) 等。如：do you mind my opening the

10、window？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作，forget doing表示“已完成的动作。如：dont forget to e here earlier tomorrow.(还没来 ) i forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了) b)stop to do( 不定式为状语 ) 表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事，stop doing 表示“停止做某事。如：i stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。) the students stopped talking when th

11、e teacher came in.(教师进来时学生们停止谈话。注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫与物动词，不带宾语的叫不与物动词。与物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不与物动词本身意义已完整，后面不跟宾语。you may use my pen. / do you like fish? ( 与物 ) dick swims very well. / the sun rises in the east. (不与物 ) 不与物动词可加介词再加宾语we are listening to the music. word 文案大全they are talking to each other. 既可以作与物动词

12、又可以作不与物动词的词：we are growing tomatoes. / tomatoes grow well in our garden. they left shanghai yesterday. / they left yesterday. my mother teaches in this school. / she teaches english. we are studying. / we study english. we began our lesson at nine. / the lecture began at nine. 5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。有些与物动词可带有

13、两个宾语，其中一个指物直接宾语，另一个指人间接宾语。我们称为双宾语。动词 +间接宾语人+直接宾语物he lent me a book. / he bought me a pen. / i have taught myself english for ten years. 动词 +直接宾语物+to,for+间接宾语人he gave his son some advice. = he gave some advice to his son. father bought me a puter. = father bought a puter for me. 6. 定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容

14、词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：what a beautiful kite it is！/ they have a clever son.(形容词 ) she is a chemistry teacher. / it is a color film.(名词 ) there are two students in the classroom.(数词 ) this song is better than that one. (代词 ) do you know the young man over there? (副词 ) we have something to do tomorrow.(不定式

15、 ) the man in blue is my brother.(介词短语 ) 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。如： i tell him something interesting. 形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语he has something to do. to do为不定式作后置定语说明 2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。word 文案大全如： the boys in the room ar

16、e in class four. in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。 7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：thank you very much.(副词表示程度 ) the old man is walking slowly. (副词表示方式 ) he usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间) we all work here. (副词表示地点) i get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时

17、间) he is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语 ) we were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句 ) 【注意】 enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：he is old enough to go to school. 8. 宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let ，help ，teach ， ask ，see，have，order ，make等。 “宾补一般由不定式短语

18、、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：we elected him monitor. / (名词 ) i found it difficult to learn english well. / the sun keeps us warm./ we find the story very interestingh. (形容词 ) i found her in the room.(介词短语 ) please let him in. / i saw him out with tom. (副词 ) the doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语 ) he is g

19、oing to have his hair cut.(过去分词 ) they saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词 ) 综合练习一、写出划线局部的句子成分。word 文案大全 1. lilyis cleaningthe desknow. 2. her garden is the best in our town. 3. liu ming is thirteen years old. 4. i likethis bookvery much. 5. the girl on the blue bike is janes sister. 6. she didnt e t

20、o my party because she was ill. 7. wang ping doeshis homeworkcarefully. 8. we will go to the childrens palace once a week. 9. they are in the classroom. 10. it sounds good. 11. his name is paul. 12. we always go to school early. part2 英语简单句的五大根本句型一、简单句的五种根本句型。根本句型一：s +vi 主谓根本句型二：s +lv+ p主系表根本句型三：s +

21、vt+ o 主谓宾根本句型四：s +v t+io+ do 主谓间宾直宾根本句型五： s +vt+ o c 主谓宾宾补二、句型实例。句型一： s v主谓主语+不与物动词 +状语此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不与物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。the sun was shining. word 文案大全the moon rose. we all breathe, eat, and drink. who cares? 管它呢？what he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。they talked for h

22、alf an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。the pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。句型二： s lv p 主谓表主语+连系动词 +表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个明确主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类 :be, look, keep, seem等属一类 , 表示情况 ;get, grow, bee, turn等属另一类, 表示变化。this is an english-chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。the dinner smells go

23、od. 午餐的气味很好。he fell in love. 他堕入了情网。everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。he is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。the trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。our well has gone dry. 我们的井枯槁了。his face turned red. 他的脸红了。句型三： s vt o 主谓宾主语+与物动词 +宾语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个

24、宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做与物动词。who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？he has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。he enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。they ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。he said good morning. 他说： 早上好！ i want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。he admits that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。句型四： s vt io do 主谓间宾直宾主语+与物动词 +宾语+宾语此

25、句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny， give , hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, refuse, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, get, leave, make,