




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、 常用情态动词的用法比较 1)在表示 “可能性”方面 can 、should 、may 、might这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性"。但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同: can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性;其中should的主观性较强,往往含有"应该会怎么样"的意思。总体上说,这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比,may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定,表示主观意断的可能性,没有足够的客观依据。其中,might的语气更为委婉、更弱
2、。例如: You can't expect to be a top student without working hard at your study .(这种可能性很大。因为,不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢?) This book should be found easily in the library .(说话人认为,图书馆应该有很多这类书籍,所以应该很
3、容易找到。) You may meet her at the party today.(说话人认为,你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。) You might mistake what I mean.(说话人婉转地说明,大概、也许你误会我的意思了。) 2)在表示"允诺"方面 在表示"允诺"的can ,may, might三个情态动词中,以might最为客气、委婉;may为居中;而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况
4、下,要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如: You can leave now. (用于熟识的人之间;或是公事公办的情况。) May I trouble you with a question ?(用于礼貌地提出请求。) Might I have another cup of coffee?(用于陌生或正式的场合,非常委婉、得体地提出请求。) 3)在表示"应该"方面 must ,ought,&
5、#160;should都能用来表示"出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样"的意思。以must的语气最强烈;ought为居中;而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如: We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization .(语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国,而且我们非得这样做不可。)我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化
6、的强国。 Students ought to study hard .(这种用法较有针对性,较具体,作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。 Students should study hard .(这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。) 学生应该努力学习。 4)在表示 “猜测” 方面 1. 情态动词must,can,could,may,might都可用来表示推测 1) must所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意为“一定”。 He _B_ have&
7、#160;completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.2005北京 A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 解析:根据下文,“否则他
8、不会在海边玩得这么开心了”,可以推测上文“他肯定已经完成工作了”。 B , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 2005重庆 AA quiet students as he may be BQuiet student as
9、0;he may be CBe a quiet student as he may DQuiet as he may be a student 解析:虽然他可能是个安静的孩子,但是他课后大谈他喜欢的歌手。 2) can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 ,cant或couldnt 表示“不可能” (注意:表示猜测,can/could一般不用于肯定句中。) Do you know
10、160;where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well . He have gone farhis coats still here.2005湖北 Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dwouldnt 解析:根据下文“他的外套还在这”,可以推测,“他不可能走远”。Can 在否定句中表示“不可能”。
11、160;Isn' t that Ann's husband over there? No, it _A_ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.2004全国一 A. can't B. must not C.
12、won't D. may not 解析:根据否定回答,和下文的暗示,该处表示“不可能是他”,cant 不是推测常用于否定和疑问。 Theres no light on-they _A_ be at home【2006全国】 A. cant B.
13、mustnt Cneednt D. shouldnt 解析:根据上文,“等不亮”,推测下文“他们不可能在家。” 3) may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况,主要用于肯定句中,might相对于may 来说,表示的可能性更小一些。may和might都不用于疑问句中。 Scientists say it may be f
14、ive or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.2004福建 解析:该句意思是:科学家说可能还要五六年才可能将此药试验在人身上。may 表推测“可能”。 Excuse me . Is this the right way to the Su
15、mmer Palace ? Sorry , I am not sure . But it A be .2004湖北 Amight Bwill Cmust Dcan 解析:根据上文“我不肯定”,可以推测语气较弱,“但也许是的”。might 表推测语气。 2. 对目前状态的
16、推测: 1) must/may/might/can/couldbe表语 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. After all, she is a great musician.2004全国 解析:人们对karen可能有各种看法,但我敬佩她,毕竟,她是个伟大的音乐家。 2) must/may/mi
17、ght/can/could一些不能用于进行时的静态动词 l 对目前正在发生的事情进行推测:must/may/might/can/couldbe doing I must be getting fat - I can hardly do my trousers up. 2004全国二 解析:根据下文暗示“我的裤子几乎提不上来了”,可以判断前句的意思是“我肯定在发胖”,must be doing 对正在发生事情的推测。 l 对已经
18、发生的事情进行推测:must/may/might/can/couldhave done Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _D_ have been a very smart boy then. 【2004全国四】
19、;A. could B. should C. might D. must 解析:根据上文“他年纪很小就大学毕业了”,可知下文表达的意思是“当时他肯定是一个非
20、常聪明的孩子”,对过去事情的肯定推测用must have done.被动语态的用法 当谓语表示一个动作时, 主语和它可以有两种不同关系;主动关系或被动关系。在表示主动关系时(即主语为动作的执行者时),谓语的形式称为主动语态(the Active Voice)。在表示被动关系时(即主语为动作的承受者时),谓语要用另一种形式,称为被动语态(the Passive Voice)。在被动结构的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。 1)一般现
21、在时。例如: Youre wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。 2) 一般过去时。例如: The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 3)一般将来时。例如: Youll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。 4
22、)现在进行时和过去进行时。例如: a. The building is being built. 这幢楼正在修自行车。 b. The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。 5)现在完成时和过去完成时。例如: a. This book has been translated into English.&
23、#160; 这本书已被译成英语。 b. The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。 使用被动语态的情况 1)需要突出或强调承受者时。例如: His work was stopped for a time during the First World War.
24、; 他的工作在第一次世界大战期间中断。 The road has been repaired. 道路已经修好了。 2)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。例如: Negroes were first brought to America as slaves. 黑人最初作为奴隶
25、被带到美国。 When was the PLA founed? 中国人民解放军何时成立? 3)对事物作客观说明时 It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve this
26、60;problem. 据报道,科学家们正在寻求新的方法来解决这个难题。 4)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here. 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。 使用被动语态应注意下面几点。 1)短语动词的被动语态,要保持
27、短语动词的完整性,动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。例如: These books must be taken good care of. 这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到了良好的护理。 2) 常带双宾语的动词如:giv
28、e, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等,变为被动语态时,将其中一个宾语变成主语, 另一个宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语中。 We gave him some picture-books.&
29、#160; 我们给他一些图画书。 He was given some picture-books. Some picture-books were given to him. 3) 常带复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, make, let, have, feel等,变为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语。宾语补足语为不定式的,原来不
30、带to变为主语后,要加上to。例如: She asked me to step in and have a talk. 她请我过去谈一谈。 -I was asked to step in and have a talk. 4) 情态动词的被动语态和shall或will一样。 We
31、can divide an atom. 原子是可分的。 - An atom can be divided. 5) 主从复合句变被动语态时, 主从句都要变。 They are not going to put off the maths contest. - The maths
32、0;contest is not going to be put off. 相关知识点精讲 1. let 的用法 1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。例如: They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。 -> The strange was let go. 2)
33、当let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit 代替。例如: The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 -> I was allowed / permitted to see my
34、classmate in the hospital. 2.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如: My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 Such a thing has never been heard of before.
35、这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如: It is said that 据说 It is re
36、ported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that大家认为 It is suggested that据建议 It is taken g
37、ranted that 被视为当然 It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务必记住的是 4. 不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 结束), fail, happen, last
38、, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如: After the fire, very little remained of my&
39、#160;house. 大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几。 比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish,
40、cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如: This key just
41、60;fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。 3)系动词无被动语态,如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain,
42、0;seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如:It sounds good. 听上去不错。 4)带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream, live/life等,以及反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态。例如: She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5) 当宾语
43、是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。例如: (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. 5. 主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, w
44、rite, sell等。例如: The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如: I was to blame for the accident.
45、事故发生了,我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。 3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如: The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
46、160;This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 4)特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如: Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些,让别人理解你的话。
47、6. 被动形式表示主动意义,如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如: He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
48、注意:表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如: He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 7. need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, b
49、e worth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义。例如: Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 典型例题 The library needs_, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning
50、0;B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 答案A. need (实意) +n /to do,need (情态)+ do,当为被动语态时,还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法,选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。 典:done,"不可能已经"。must not do&
51、#160;不可以(用于一般现在时)。 高考题解: (1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005辽宁) Awas called
52、 Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called (2)The number of deaths form
53、60;heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (2004上海) A. persuade
54、;B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 【点拨】考例(1)定语从句中表达的是客观事实,现行词和定语从句之间是动宾关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。考例(2)主句是一般将来时,其后条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来,从句主语和谓语之间是动宾关系,故也用一般
55、现在时的被动语态,选BD。 (3)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (2005山东) A. is washing away B. is being
56、0;washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 【点拨】此题考查了时态、语态和主谓一致两个方面。从前面的with复合结构可以看出句子应用现在进行时,earth和wash away之间是动宾关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。(huge)quantities of 作定语修饰的名词作主语时,谓语
57、动词与quantities保持一致,用复数,与所修饰的名词无关,故选D。 (4)Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh. (2005重庆) Ahas been caused
58、 Bhad been caused Cwill be caused Dwill have been caused
59、【点拨】考例(4)强调对现在的影响或结果,damage是不可数名词,谓语动词只能用第三人称单数,和cause之间是动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,故选A。 (5)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. (2004北京) A. has been
60、completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D.
61、;will have completed 【点拨】从介词短语by 2006可以看出该题表示将来某个时间要完成的动作,construction work和动词complete之间是动宾关系,故用将来完成时的被动语态,选C。 (6) Only when your identity has been checked ,_ .(2003上海) Ayou are allowed in
62、160; Byou will be allowed in Cwill you allow in Dwill you be allowed in 【点拨】时间状语从句是一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时,主语和谓语之间是动宾关系,onl
63、y跟时间状语从句或介词短语时,句子要用倒装语序,故选D。 (7)The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (2005广东) A. has been
64、;B. was being C. had been D. would be 【点拨】考例(7)从主句可以看出,place这个动作发生在主句动词catch所表示的动作之前,先行词和place之间是动宾关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态,选C。 (8)More than a dozen students in that school
65、160;_ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005上海) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent (9)?Why did you
66、leave that position? (2005北京) ?I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offere
67、d 【点拨】考例(8)中有明显的过去时间状语last year,考例(9)虽然没有明显的时间状语,但从问句的时态可以看出,offer这动作也是发生在过去,两考例中的主语和谓语动词之间都是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,选BD。 巩固练习: 1. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment_. (2005北京春) A. is
68、;damaged B. had damaged C. damaged
69、D. was damaged 2. I cant see any coffee in this cupboard._? (2005北京春) A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C.
70、 Has it all finished D. Did it all finish 3. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. (2004江苏)
71、60; A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
72、 4. ? The window is dirty. (2004广西) ? I know. It_ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt
73、 cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 5. ?George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding? (2004湖北) ?No, I _
74、60;. Did they have a big wedding? Awas not invited Bhave not been invited Chadnt been invited
75、; Ddidnt invite 6. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945,and their power _ increased enormously ever since. (2004上海) A.
76、160;is B. was C. has been D. had been 7. According t
77、o the art dealer, the painting_ to go for at least a million dollars. (2004全国II) A is expected B expects C expected &
78、#160; D is expecting 8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only_ the film stars had left. (2004福建) Ato tell Bto
79、160;be told Ctelling Dtold 9. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
80、; ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing &
81、#160; DWhen compared 10. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海) A. c
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025至2030年中国童车篮数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国油罐半挂车数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国日式弹簧卡箍数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国工业用感应器数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国城市蜘蛛清扫车数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国住宅照明计量箱数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国丝杠式升降机数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国SS721大玻璃胶数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国PVC室内门数据监测研究报告
- 2025至2030年中国2-硝基喹啉数据监测研究报告
- 特种作业人员安全技术培训考核管理规定
- 教育专著读书心得2000字(5篇)
- 骨科的疼痛管理
- 前列腺癌诊断治疗指南
- 中国银行招聘笔试真题「英语」
- 无花果标准化绿色种植基地及深加工项目可行性研究报告
- 中国故事英文版花木兰英文版二篇
- 江苏省2023年对口单招英语试卷及答案
- 2023年青岛港湾职业技术学院高职单招(数学)试题库含答案解析
- GB/T 35506-2017三氟乙酸乙酯(ETFA)
- GB/T 25784-20102,4,6-三硝基苯酚(苦味酸)
评论
0/150
提交评论