宾语从句公开课课件

1、object clause一、教学任务一、教学任务 学习宾语从句学习宾语从句二、重点和难点二、重点和难点 1 1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句 2 2、直接引语和间接引语、直接引语和间接引语 3 3、宾语从句中时态的变化、宾语从句中时态的变化宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式、或者相者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式、或者相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当于名词的词、短语来担任。he likes my teacher.we enjoy playing basketball.they decided to stud

2、y hard.i know him 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。类别类别 关联关联词词 特点特点. .从属连词从属连词 that, whether/if只只起连接作用，不充当从起连接作用，不充当从句成分。句成分。. .连接代词连接代词 who, whom, what，which,whose起起连接作用外，还在从句连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语中充当主语或宾语或定语语语. .连接副词连接副

3、词 when, where, how，why 起连接作用外，还在从起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。句中充当状语。宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句语序：陈述语序即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）主句时态主句时态从句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用任意一种时态根据句意的需要用任意一种时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等谚语等 一律用一般现在时一律用一般现在时 从句的从句的时态时态必须和主句保持一致。必须和

4、主句保持一致。时态（时态一致性）连接词连接词陈述句陈述句: 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句:祈使句祈使句: 先先_后后_(that) 特殊疑问词如特殊疑问词如what/ where/ when/ who/how much/ how many. if/whethertell/ask sb.(not) to do.主主谓谓语序语序时态时态宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素主句为现在时，从句的时态根据主句为现在时，从句的时态根据_而定。而定。 主句为主句为过去时过去时，从句的时态用从句的时态用_时态时态。实际情况实际情况相应的过去相应的过去 they know the teacher. th

5、ey know that the teacher is a man . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语宾语从句一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that 引导，因为that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语中或非正式文体中常省略. lintao feels ( ) his own team is even better.he said ( ) he would like to see the headmaster.jim thought ( ) the train was like a big moving party.2.在

6、主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry，afraid,glad 等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that 的从句也算是宾语从句. im sorry ( ) i dont know. were sure ( )our team will win . im afraid ( ) he wont pass the exam.引导宾语从句什么时候用if,什么时候用whether?引导动词后面的宾语从句时，一般情况下二者可以通用;引导形容词后面的宾语从句时， 二者可以通用(如：he is not sure whether/if it is right or wrong.)。除以下5种情况：1、 在动词不定

7、式之前只能用whether 。如：i cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如：i want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。3、 在介词后只能用whether。如：his father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时只能用whether 。如：whether they can finish the work on tim

8、e is still a problem .他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。5、用if会引起歧义时只用whether。如：could you tell me if you know the answer ?这句话有两种意思“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗”或“如果你知道答案请告诉我好吗”。如用whether可避免歧义。一般疑问句做宾语我问他是否想去游泳.i askdoes he want to go swim? i ask if/whether he wants to go swim.1.改为陈述语气2.用if/whether连接1.the girl says that the mid-ter

9、m exam is coming tomorrow.2. she asks if we are nervous.3.many classmates ask her how she can study english well.4.the girl tells us to take it easy and work hard for it.can you recollect the 4 different types of object clause? homeworkhomework1. review the object clause.2. go over carefully.3.repor

10、t jingjings email to ms zeng in the student sheet.thank you for listening! good bye! the teacher asked i was late today. do you still remember he said in the meeting? do you know they are waiting for? can you tell me country you are from, america or england? i really want to know your hometown is. n

11、o one knows they opened the box.what, which, who, whom, when, why, where, how, whatever, whoeverwhywhatwhom/whowhichwherehow2.who/whoever/no matter who who引导的名词性从句含有引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义疑问意义 whoever不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义=anyone who no matter who只能引导只能引导让步状语从句让步状语从句 eg. whoever broke the window should be punished.

12、whoever/no matter who broke the window, he should be punished. who broke the window is still a question.1. 曾老师问他为什么迟到了。曾老师问他为什么迟到了。miss zeng asked why was he late for school.( 集英社）集英社）2. 我不知道他昨天做了什么事情。我不知道他昨天做了什么事情。i dont know what did he do yesterday.（warm home)3.晏主任问她怎么了。晏主任问她怎么了。director yan aske

13、d what the matter was with her.(方方嘉燕小组）嘉燕小组）4. 何老师说过月亮绕着地球转。何老师说过月亮绕着地球转。miss he said that the moon moved round the earth.(modesty）5.她告诉儿子要努力学习。她告诉儿子要努力学习。 she tells her son he must study hard.（多拉（多拉a梦）梦）6. 我有信心你们明天一定考得好。我有信心你们明天一定考得好。im confident that you will do well in the exam tomorrow. (无名小组）无名

14、小组）7. 他们不确定明天是否转冷。他们不确定明天是否转冷。they are uncertain that if it will turn cold or not tomorrow.(农夫小组）农夫小组）1. miss zeng asked why was he late for school.( 集英社） 语序必须语序必须先主语后谓语先主语后谓语。 主句为过去时，从句的时态用相应的过去时态。2. i dont know what did he do yesterday.（warm home)he wasa.a.宾语从句的助动词要去掉宾语从句的助动词要去掉. . 主句为现在时，从句出现主句为现

15、在时，从句出现yesterdayyesterday的过去时间，因的过去时间，因此从句用过去时。此从句用过去时。he did3. director yan asked what the matter was with her.(方嘉燕小组）4. miss he said that the moon went round the earth.(modesty）what was the matter with hergoes 从句内容为从句内容为真理真理时，从句的时态时，从句的时态用一般现在时。用一般现在时。whwhatat在这里既做引导词，也做主语。仍用疑在这里既做引导词，也做主语。仍用疑问句语序

16、。问句语序。whwho o., which is., which is同理。同理。5. she tells her son he should study hard.（多拉（多拉a梦）梦）tell sb. to do sth./tell sb. not to do sth.to6. im confident that you will do well in the exam tomorrow.(无名小组）无名小组）whetherb.只能用只能用whether:(1)与与 or not连用连用(2) 不定式不定式前：前：whether + to do(3) 介词介词 + whether 7. t

17、hey are uncertain that if it will turn cold or not tomorrow.(农夫小组）农夫小组）主语主语+ +形容词，宾语从句用形容词，宾语从句用thatthat引导引导. .a.a.宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词。attention i asked her _ she had a bike. were worried about _ he is safe. i dont know _ he has recovered or not. he cant decide to stay.if / whetherwhetherwh

18、etherwhetherwhether or if ? let me know _ you can come or not. i wonder _ i can get some advice from you. i dont know _to accept or refuse.whetherwhether/ifwhether如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，来时

19、， 过去完成时）过去完成时）how about this? our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class. 我小时候妈妈就告诉我太阳从东方升起。 上周老师教我们1加1等于2。一般现在时态一般现在时态 showwill come3.suggest 后的宾语从句：后的宾语从句：i suggest (that) he (should) go to see the doctor tomorrow. (go)(4)he taught me how to surf.he taught me ho

20、w _ _surf.(5)the foreigners want to know how they can learn chinese well.the foreigners want to know _ _learn chinese well.i couldhow to(4)could you tell me where i should show the tickets. could you tell me _ _ _the tickets.(5)i wondered whether i could go. i wondered _ _go.where to showwhether to2

21、).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that 从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语) 的句型中的句型中不省略不省略. eg: we must make it clear that we mean what we say.b.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句中句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.eg: he told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.c.当当that作介词作介词except, in等宾

22、语时等宾语时they believe in that she must still be single.i know nothing about him except that he is living in beijing.3. 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。定式。 eg. i dont think this dres

23、s fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 i dont think you are right. 我认为你是错的。 i dont believe you will finish the work today. 我认为你今天无法完成工作。若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移 i hope it doesnt rain. 我希望不要下雨。 i hope you dont mind my saying it. 我希望你别介意我说这些话。 its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange character

24、s on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 按英语习惯，anyoneanyone只能出现在否定否定词之后，不能出现在否定否定词之前。dont tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。i dont know anyone at this party. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识。 i dont want to waste anyones time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如： the ant is not gathering thi

25、s for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语) he was not ready to believe something just because aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。(否定because状语) risttl she had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。(否定状语many wee

26、ks) 宾语从句的简化的宾语从句的简化的 六种方法六种方法 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 li ming hopes he will be back very soon. li ming hopes to be back very soon. we decided that we would help him. we decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn，remember， forget， tell等

27、动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 she has forgotten how she can open the window. she has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 could you tell me how i can get to the station？ could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三

28、：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。 the headmaster ordered that we should start at once. the headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。 he insisted that he shouldgo with us. he insisted on going with us. the poor boy doesnt knowwh

29、en and where he was born. the poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+v-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。 liu ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. liu ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 it seemed that the

30、 boys were going to win. the boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。还有一些特殊句式的转化。 i found that it was difficult to learn english well. i found it difficult to learn english well. soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.they fo

31、und that the box was very heavy. they found the box very heavy. i dont remember that i haveever seen such a man. i dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人 注意一注意一: i wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句:翻译翻译:1.我多希望我是一只小鸟。我多希望我是一只小鸟。2.我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。3.我希望明年我就能大学毕业。我希望明年我就能大学毕业。(graduate)1. i

32、wish (that) i were a little bird.2. i wish (that) i could have gone to see the movie yesterday.3. i wish (that) i could graduate from college next year.i wish.1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望表示与现在事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 were / did2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望表示与过去事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 had done 或或 could/would hav

33、e done3.表示与将来事实相反的愿望表示与将来事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 should/ would/might do注意二注意二:在动词在动词insist(坚持坚持), order ,command (命令命令)advise, propose, suggest (建议建议),demand(要要求求), request, require (请求请求)等后面的宾语从句等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词要用中谓语动词要用(should) do1.他坚持我们应该在他坚持我们应该在9:00之前完成作业。之前完成作业。2.经理要求每人每天要按时上班。经理要求每人每天要按

34、时上班。3.老师建议我们每天早上听英语。老师建议我们每天早上听英语。answers:1.he insisted that we (should) finish thehomework before 9:00.2.the manager demands that everyone(should) go to work on time every day.3.the teacher suggests that we (should)listen to english every morning.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等时，

35、从句的否定要转移到主句中。等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。i dont think she is right.我认为她不对。我认为她不对。我相信他不会通过考试。我相信他不会通过考试。注意三：否定转移注意三：否定转移i dont believe he will pass the exam.四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think， believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 eg: (5)i dont think he will come with you

36、. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6) i dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) he knew why jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。has hedidnt he 1. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see_. a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. w

37、ho it is 2. can you make sure _ the gold ring? a. where alice had put b. where had alice put c. where alice has put d. where has alice put 即时练习即时练习1. - can you make sure _? - sorry, i cant. but i saw her just now. a. where did she go b. where she had gone c. where she has gone d. where will she go 2

38、. i wanted to know _. a. what did she say b. why does she go to bed late c. why she went to bed late d. why she goes to bed latecc3. he is not sure _ to watch tv or go to bed. a. if b. whether c. that d. /4. i dont know _ he will come or not. a. if b. whether c. that d. /bb5. - i dont know if he _ t

39、o kates birthday party. - hes sure to go if he _. a. goes, knows b. will go, knows c. goes, will know d. go, know6.she asked the doctor _ keep healthy.a. how to b. how could shec. how she could d. how can sheb是否是否假如假如a.c宾语从句与特殊疑问词宾语从句与特殊疑问词+不定式不定式可互换。可互换。how to do it 与与 what to do 的区别的区别d 7. - could

40、 you tell me _ ? - its next to the post office. a. where the supermarket is b. where is the supermarket c. where was the supermarket d. where the supermarket wasacould表示委婉的语气表示委婉的语气,不是过去时不是过去时8. could you tell me _ it.a. what can i do b. how can i do c. what to do d. how to do特殊用法特殊用法5 9. mike_ bull

41、ying others _. a. thinks, isnt right b. think, isnt rightc. dont think, is right.d. doesnt think, is right若从句为否定句，主句谓语是若从句为否定句，主句谓语是 think ,believe , guess ,suppose 等词时等词时,要要否定前移否定前移d高考链接（09海南） could i speak to is in charge of international sales please? a. who b. what c. whoever d. whatever（10四川）how much one enjoys himself traveling depends larg