高中英语Unit4EarthquakesLearningaboutLanguage学案新人教版必修

1、Unit 4Earthquakes Period TwoLearning about Language关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，其中that，which，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose用作定语。1that既可以指物，也可以指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但不能直接跟在介词后。The woman that burst out of the room just now was angry with you.刚才冲出房间的那个女士生你的气了。(指人，作主语)Th

2、is is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)2which用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但直接跟在介词后时不能省略。The United States is a country which has a short history.美国是一个历史很短的国家。(作主语)I have lost the book (which) you lent me yesterday.我把你昨天借

3、给我的那本书弄丢了。(作lent的宾语)This is the house in which I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)3who用来指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但直接跟在介词后时需用whom，且不能省略。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。(作主语)The professor (who/whom) you wish to see has gone abroad.你希望见的那位教授出国了。(作宾语)He is the doctor to wh

4、om your mother spoke.他就是与你母亲谈过话的那位医生。(作介词to的宾语，不用who，不能省略)4whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。注意：whose 通常可用“then.of whom/which”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：This is the woman scientis

5、t，the name of whom is known all over the country.He lives in a room，the window of which faces north.5在以下情况中用that不用which。(1)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。All that is needed has been bought.所需要的一切都已经买全了。(2)当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被其修饰时。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.要做的第一件事是弄点吃的。(3)当先行词被the very

6、，the only等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是目前我们唯一能做的事。(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They talked about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。(5)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(6)当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the car that was m

7、ade in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的？(7)当先行词为the way，the time，the period等时，关系代词用that，但通常被省略。I dont like the way (that) you spoke to her.我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。6以下情况中用which不用that。(1)关系词前有逗号，即形成非限制性定语从句时。He has a walk every night，which does good to him.他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。(2)当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时。Here is the car about which I told yo

8、u.这就是我向你谈到过的那辆汽车。(3)当先行词本身是that时。That which is well done is twice done.一次做得好等于做两次。(4)当关系代词之后有插入成分时。I have received your letter which，as I have told you，is badly needed by the press.我已收到您的来信，这封信，正如我所告诉您的，是新闻界急需的。 及时反馈.用适当的关系代词填空1The building whose wall is white is my uncles house.2I know the boy who/

9、that/whom you are looking for.3Will you please lend me the very book that you bought yesterday?4The student who/whom/that the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.5The season which/that comes after spring is summer.6Is this museum the one you visited last Saturday?7I found some photos

10、 of interesting places which/that were not far away from our city.8The boy with whom John spoke is my brother.9The girl whose leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.把下列每组句子合并成一个含定语从句的复合句1The teacher pointed out the mistakes.The students hadnt corrected them.The_teacher_pointed_out_th

11、e_mistakes_(which/that)_the_students_hadnt_corrected.2Well discuss the questions.He raised them yesterday.Well_discuss_the_questions_(which/that)_he_raised_yesterday.3Do you know the students address(住址)？Her name is Jenny.Do_you_know_the_students_address_whose_name_is_Jenny?4I met my teacher in the

12、street yesterday.He taught me Chinese three years ago.Yesterday_in_the_street_I_met_the_teacher_who_taught_me_Chinese_three_years_ago.5The child is a very good student now.You saved him in the earthquake.The_child_(whom)_you_saved_in_the_earthquake_is_a_very_good_student_now.6That was the best exhib

13、ition (展览)It was shown in this city last year.That_was_the_best_exhibition_which_was_shown_in_this_city_last_year. .把下列句子改写成定语从句1I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music.I_have_a_friend_who_likes_listening_to_classical_music.2Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I gave it to her.Ye

14、sterday_Emily_was_wearing_the_new_dress_that/which_I_gave_her.3The students article was published.I know the student.I_know_the_student_whose_article_was_published.4Betty is studying English very well.She has never been abroad.Betty，who_has_never_been_abroad，is_studying_English_very_well.5My grandpa

15、rents live in a house.It is more than 100 years old.My_grandparents_live_in_a_house，which_is_more_than_100_years_old.定语从句对比练习：用所给的答案完成下列句子1(1)This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.(2)This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.Awhich was Bthat was Cwhic

16、h were Dthat were答案(1)D(2)B2(1)He has two sons，_ are college students.(2)He has two sons，and _are college students.Aboth of which Bboth of whom Cboth of them Dboth of it答案(1)B(2)C3(1)He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.(2)He still lives in the room，the window _ faces to the east.(3

17、)He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.(4)He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table.Awhich Bwhose Cwhere Dof which答案(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C4(1)_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(2)_ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(3)_ who leave the r

18、oom last ought to turn off the lights.AAnyone BWho CThose DWhoever答案(1)D(2)A(3)C5(1)_ we all know，China is rich in natural resources.(2)_ is well­known that China is rich in natural resources.(3)_ is well­known，China is rich in natural resources.AWhich BAs CIt DThat答案(1)B(2)C(3)B6(1)Ill ne

19、ver forget the days _ we studied together.(2)Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.Athat B/ Cwhen DA and B答案(1)C(2)D7(1)This is the only way _ you can find.(2)I dont like the way _ he sopke to his mother.Athat B/ Cin which DA，B and C EA and B 答案(1)E(2)D8(1)Galileo collected the facts _ prove

20、d the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.(2)Galileo discovered the fact _ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Athat Bwhich C/ 2 D.A and B答案(1)D(2)A9(1)Is this museum _ they visited last month? (2)The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.

21、Athat Bthe one Cwhich Dthe one who答案(1)B(2)D10(1)It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.(2)It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Don which答案(1)C(2)B.翻译句子1站在门口的那个人是我的英语老师。The_man_who/that_is_standing_at_the_door_is_my_English_teacher.(who/that在从句中充当主语)2你

22、认识我们在街上碰到的那个人吗？ Do_you_know_the_man_whom/who/that_we_met_in_the_street？(whom/who/that在从句中充当宾语，可以省略)3使我们烦恼的问题是怎样才能按时完成这项工作。The_problem_that/which_troubles_us_is_how_to_finish_the_work_on_time.(that/which在从句中作主语)4昨天我买的那本书值得一读。The_book_that/which_I_bought_yesterday_is_worth_reading.(that/which在从句中作宾语，可

23、以省略)5我们在这儿望得见屋顶的那座建筑是一个旅馆。The_building_whose_roof_we_can_see_from_here_is_a_hotel.6这是我所看过的影片中最好的一部。This_is_the_best_film_that_I_have_ever_seen.(先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时关系代词只能用that).单句改错1.Uncle Wang has a pet dog who can catch mice. whowhich/that2.The singer whos voice is broken can no longer appear on the

24、 stage. whoswhose3.I have got an old valuable bed which already lasted over 100 years. which后加has4.The family which Im staying with in the US are kind to me. whichwho5.Animals are our forever friends without them we cant live on. themwhom6.A couch potato is something that watches TV too much. someth

25、ingsomeone7.The farmers from who we have learnt a lot are becoming rich by working hard.whowhom8.It is great fun to see a baby walked towards its parents. walkedwalking9.I wish to go to China in 221 BC because I want to see how people build the Great Wall. buildbuilt10.Remember to wear a raincoat to

26、 protect you from the rain. weartake.阅读理解AAfter the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994，earthquake scientists had good news to report：The damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake.By comparison，an earthquake of similar degree that shoo

27、k Armenia in 1988 reported 25,000 deaths.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the earthquake occurred at 4：31 am. on a holiday，when traffic was light on the citys highways.In addition，changes made to the construction rules in Los Angeles during the last 20 years had streng

28、thened the citys buildings and highways，making them stronger than before.Despite the good news，civil engineers arent resting on their successes.Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints(蓝图)for improved quake­resistant(防震)buildings.The new designs should offer even greater security to cities

29、 where earthquakes often take place.In the past，making structures quake­resistant meant firm yet flexible (柔韧的)materials，such as steel and wood，that bend without breaking.Later，people tried to lift a building off its foundation，and laid rubber and steel between the building and its foundation t

30、o reduce the effect of ground vibrations(震动)The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports.Called smart buildings，the structures respond like living organisms(生物体)to an earthquakes vibrations.When the ground shakes and the building tips(倾斜)forward，the computer w

31、ould force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build.However，they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.1One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is t

32、hat _.Anew computers had been installed in the buildingsBit occurred in the residential areas(居住区)rather than on the highwaysClarge numbers of Los Angeles residents(居民)had gone for workDimprovements had been made in the construction of the buildings and highways答案D解析细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可知，因为在城市建设时作了改进，人员伤

33、亡大为减少。2The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _.Aact against an earthquakes effect on the buildingBpredict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyChelp strengthen the foundation of the buildingDmeasure the effect of an earthquakes vibrations答案A解析细节理解题。从第五段最后一句可知，地震时电脑会控制建筑物调整方

34、向。3The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.Awould only cause serious financial problemsBwould be worthwhile though costlyCwould only increase the complexity of architectural designDcan reduce the ground vibrations caused by storms答案B解析细节理解题。从最后一段可知，虽然这些建筑物很昂贵，但可以减少人员伤亡和损失。4It can be inferred

35、from the passage that in reducing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _.Athe increasing use of rubber and steel in the capital constructionBthe development of flexible building materialsCthe reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsDearly forecasts of storms答案C解析推理判断题。

36、从第五段第二句可知，减少地震中大地对建筑物的摇晃很重要。BSome countries have a large number of earthquakes.Japan is one of them，while others do not have many，for example，there are few earthquakes in Britain.There is often a great noise during an earthquake.The ground shakes.Houses fall down.Railways are broken，which causes tra

37、ins to run off.Sometimes thousands of people are killed in different ways.About 60,000 people were killed in 1783 in the south of Italy.Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes，but this is not true.The centres of some earthquakes are under the sea.The bottom of the sea suddenly moves.The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks.