中考英语考点聚焦第38讲完形填空课件人教新目标版

1、人教版人教版英语英语第38讲完形填空 Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble?One day，two _1_ were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears.They thought the woman looked very _2_They went up to her and said，“Are you going to town？If you are，w

2、e will help carry your basket.”“Thank you，”_3_ the woman，“you are very kind.You see Im weak and ill.”Then she told them that she was now going to market to _4_ the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden.“We are all going to the _5_，”said the boys.“Let us have the basket.”And they too

3、k hold of it，one each side.They walked _6_ with the heavy basket，but happily.The other day，I saw a little girl stop and _7_ a piece of orange peel (皮)，which she threw into the dustbin (垃圾桶)，“I wish _8_ would throw that on the sidewalk，”said she.“Someone may step on it and fall.”Perhaps some may say

4、that these are not _9_ things.That is right.But such a little thing shows that you have a thoughtful mind and a feeling heart.We must not wait for the _10_ to do great things.We must begin with little things of love. 1.A.boys Bgirls Cmen Dwomen2.A.bored Btired Cpleased Dsurprised3.A.asked Btold Crep

5、lied Dspoke4.A.bring Bbuy Ctake Dsell5.A.town Bmarket Cgarden Dschool6.A.weakly Bquickly Cslowly Dquietly7.A.take out Bcut off Cput down Dpick up8.A.nobody Beverybody Csomebody Danybody9.A.little Bgood Cgreat Dbad10.A.pay Btime Cadvice DloveABCDACDACB“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空

6、的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词，连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，关系副词等。2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。 (二)“完形填空”题解题策略：1解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，

7、因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。2解题时要全面考虑，确定选项。完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：重视首句，寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利

8、用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。【例1】 Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.Whether it is smoking，drinking or over eating，they _ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015，苏州，16)Astop Bcontinue Cfinish Davoid解析：由首句“Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.(很少有人喜欢改变他们的习惯，好的或坏的。)”可知此处表示“他们继续享受着这些习惯”。答案：

9、_B_My mother only had one eye.And because of this，I never wished her to show up in my school，being afraid that my classmates would _1_ I had an ugly mother.(2014，十堰，41)1.A.run out Bput outCcome out Dfind outD明辨褒贬语境，判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃

10、透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。 【例2】 His house turned into a comfortable place immediately.The poor man _.(2015，广东，55)Acheered up Brang upCsped up Dstayed up解析：由关键词comfortable可知，房子变得舒适了，那个穷人应该是“高兴起来了”。答案：_A_ 【例3】 Happiness depends on what we have！Its in our heart.Its a state of

11、 mind，even though you own the whole world，you may still feel _.(2015，黄冈，55)Afunny Bhappy Cexcited Dunhappy解析：由关键词even though来判断此处句意应为“即使你拥有整个世界，你也可能会仍然感到不开心”。答案：_D_Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and _2_The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，长沙，40)2.A.sadly B

12、angrily CproudlyC巧用平行结构，判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。 【例4】 On October 20，2009，my mother died after a long illness.I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _.(2015，宁波，27)Agifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmi

13、stakes解析：由上文可知，我非常欣慰母亲不再受疼痛的折磨。与aches(疼痛)相对称的词为pains。答案：_B_They found that the kids who watched violent cartoons fought with others and _3_ class rules more often.(2014，宜宾，47)3.A.broke BfollowedCobeyed DmadeA结合常识，明辨真伪【例5】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whether we ac

14、cept it or not.Astop Bkeep Cstart解析：句意为：“我们不能强迫生活会遵循我们的愿望。无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。”答案：_A_It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _4_！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，宁波，30)4.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient DstrictB熟练语法和固定搭配，轻松解题对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时的积累外，还

15、要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。【例6】At the same time，in developing countries like China and Brazil，sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years._ will double again by 2050.(2015，南昌，64)AIt BThatCWeDThey解析：空白处所填词在句中作主语，指代上文中所提到的“sales”，为可数名词复数形式。答案：_D_Last week，students at

16、Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.There _5_ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈阳，16)5.A.are BwereCis DwasB多方推断，寻求线索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下

17、文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，而需要考生利用其上下文

18、已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。正向推断法【例7】One day，Li Xuan discovered a wishing well (许愿池) on the side of the road.(2015，长春，31)He took out a coin and thew it into the _.Astreet Bwell Criver Droom解析：由上文“一天，李轩在路边发现了一个许愿池”可知，他拿出一枚硬币是投向许愿池。答案：_B_The plane took off.A passenger neede

19、d a cup of water to take his medicine.An air hostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the _6_ soon.(2015，安徽，56)6.A.medicine BwaterCcup DcoffeeIt seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no _7_ or

20、fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40)7.A.pride BworryCanger DregretBB逆向推断法【例8】 It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a _ mood (情绪)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadnt invited me.(2015，山西，31)Agood BterribleCpeaceful解析：由下文中“我的两个朋友前一天晚上去看电影了但是没有邀请我”可知，我的心情很糟糕。答案：_B_Bert Manson，82，

21、slowly opened his eyes and turned to face the clock on the beside table.It was 8：23 am.He felt _8_The time was nothing to him.He had nothing to do all day.(2015，佛山，31)8.A.pleased Bsad CsurprisedHe raised a glass of water and asked them，“How _9_ do you think this glass of water is？”.Their answers are

22、 different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41)9.A.heavy BfullCmuch DlongBA正逆向联合法【例9】 Just then a young man jumped out_of_a_car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car(2015，长沙，34)Awalked Bran Cdrove解析：由上句中的out of a car以及下句I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗，我被路边的景色惊呆了)可知，我们是开车去的。答案：_C_.She wondered if they were getting