Unit3-Inventors-and-inventions基础知识--选修8

1、Unit3 Inventors and inventions【重点单词】1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常及from, between连用）区别；区分distinguish A from B 辨别A及B be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以为特征 be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。2). The man distinguishes himself by

2、 his wisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。【即境活用】(1). It is not easy to_cultured pearls from genuine pearls.A. distinguish B. separate C. identity D. recognize(2). Color blind people often find it difficult to_between blue and green.Aseparate BdistinguishCcompare Dcontrast2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.便利，方便 conv

3、eniently adv.便利地be convenient to sb. 对某人方便 It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下个星期天你方便来吗？2). I can t see him now; it s not convenient. 我现在不便见他。 完成句子(1)地铁方便快捷，但上下班高峰时也会拥挤得可怕。Trains are fast and _，but rush hours can be terrible.(2)所有这些东西都给人们

4、的生活带来了极大的便利和欢乐。These things all _ _ _ and delight to peoples lives.(3)Our new house is very_for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.Aadaptable BcomfortableCconvenient Davailable(4)Come and see me whenever_.Ayou are convenient Byou will be convenientCit is convenient for you Dit will be con

5、venient to you3bear v. 忍受，具有，带有，显示（标记或特性）【拓展延伸】bear表示“忍受”其后可跟doing sth 表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth表示某一次具体动作，且多及 can,could和 be able to连用。作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式 borne指“生产，生育”而 born 指“出生”，如：She has borne three children with her husband. 她及丈夫生育了三个孩子。【即境活用】 (1)Why did Bob cry?He couldnt bear_like that before the

6、whole class.Amaking fun of Bbeing made fun ofCto be laughed Dbeing made fun (2)I cant stand _with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _talking while she works.Aworking；stopping Bto work；stoppingCworking；to stop Dto work；to stop4.associate vt.联系，联想；n.同伴，伙伴。 Ive never associated you with this pla

7、ce .我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。 I wouldnt want to be associated with Mckeys project.我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。 I dont like these layabouts youre associating with .我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲人。即境活用(1)他希望忘记跟他过去生活有联系的一切东西，开始新的人生。He wished to forget everything_ _ _ _ _and start a new life.(2)He wished to forget everything_with his former

8、 life and start a new life.Ajoined BassociatedCburied Dcarried【重点短语】1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人call back 召回；回电话；收回处理call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)call for 要求，提倡，为叫喊call forth 使产生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召来，来访call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤1). He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话

9、给我并告诉我这个好消息。2). I was called up three months after war broke out. 战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。【点拨】辨析： call up 及look back on/upon call up 表示“使.回忆起”主语为物，look back on/upon“回忆，记起”主语为人根据句意填入call 相关的正确短语(1) Let's call _ John at John's house.(2) The situation calls _ immediate action.(3) The sound of happy la

10、ughter called _ memories of his childhood. (4) The match was called _ because of bad weather. (5) Your mother is very ill. Call _ a doctor at once. (6) When I _Tom, he was doing some shopping.A. call on B. called up C. called off D. called over2.set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事set st

11、h aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）set sth down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 从某地出发上路set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等） set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录1). I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country s economic problems. 新政府

12、必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 【即境活用】根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1). I don t know how to set _ this job. 2). She set _ a new world record time _ the 100 metres.3). They set _ on the last stage _ their journey. 4). How do senior managers set _ making these decisions? 3get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过；度过 Ms Chen is goi

13、ng through the students papers.陈老师正在仔细检查学生的论文。 I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldnt get through.我试图给女朋友打电话，可是打不通。 Your meaning didnt really get across . 你的意思并未真正被别人理解。练习：(1)Have you_？No.I had the wrong number.Agot inBgot awayCgot off Dgot through【重点句型】1. The first thing I tried to do was to s

14、ee if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我先看看有没有能派得上用场的产品，好象只有一些用来杀死蛇的药粉。 (1) 在there be结构中，be的人称及数应遵循就近一致原则： There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the comer of the house. There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the comer

15、 of the house.(2) there be常见的形式有：there seems to be.there happens to be.there used to be.(3) seem的归纳总结： sth.sb. seem (to be)+adj.名词好像 It seems that. 似乎，好像 It seems to sb that. 在某人看来好像 It seems as ifas though. 看起来好像(后可接虚拟语气，这可接表真实的表语从句。) It seems as if it were going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。(天气好得很，不会下雨。) It

16、 seems as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。) There seems (to be) 好象【即境活用】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). The child seems _ (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. 2). It seems to me _ there s something funny about the case.3). There doesnt seem _ (be) much hope that he ll come / of him coming.2.

17、Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 在碗的内外壁中间有些果冻，当冷冻时就会变得非常硬。when cooled的构成：连词+过去分词，相当于when 引导的状语从句when it is cooled如果whenwhile引导的时间状语从句中的主语及主句的主语相同，常常可用whenwhile + 现在分词短语或者过去分词短语的结构来代替。1). When offered help, you should say “thank you

18、” or “it s very kind of you”. = _.2). You must be careful when crossing the street.= _.3). Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.= _.4). Seeing from the hill, you call see that the whole city is beautiful.= _.【即境活用】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). Once _ (publish), this novel will be very popular! 2). _ (tel

19、l) many times, he still couldnt understand.3). The girls are talking excitedly, _ (follow) their teacher. 3. Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches.(P20)有一些研究发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法【句法分析】Prepared with some research findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动

20、宾关系。Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.被提醒不要错过1520 的航班，经理匆忙去了飞机场。Given more time，he can do it better.如果给予他更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beauti

21、ful.从山顶往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。(1)_twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.ABeing bittenBBittenCHaving bitten DTo be bitten4. Follow

22、it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。【句法分析】本题考查“祈使句and/then/or/陈述句”结构的用法。Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。If you work harder，youll succeed

23、in your studies.Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.Study hard，or youll fail in your exams.如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考不及格。If you dont study hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you study hard. 即境活用（1）Mum，I am afraid I wont do well in the coming test.Honey，_more careful，_you

24、 will make it。Ais；soBbe；andCbe；then Dbeing；and（2）One more day，_Ill get everything ready.Aor BwhileCand Dbut（3）Can you help me?Yes._your teachers advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.AFollow BFollowingCTo follow DFollowed5. Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt

25、work the first time. 记住对你的发明要有变化的余地以防它第一次不起作用。in case (1) conj.在的情况下，万一的话；以防，免得；in case后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态，偶尔也用shouldv.。In case anything important happens，please call me up.万一发生什么重要的事情，请打电话给我。Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。(2)adv.以防万一，免得Youd better carry some money

26、in case.你最好带些钱，以防万一。It may rain.Youd better take your umbrella in case.天可能下雨，你最好带上伞以防万一。(1)in case of 在情形时，万一，以防In case of fire，ring the bell.万一发生火灾，请按铃。I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain.我将随身带件雨衣以防下雨。(2)in any case 无论如何，反正，不管怎样In any case，do your best.无论如何，要尽力而为。(3)in no case 决不，在任何时候都不

27、In no case should you be allowed to do such a foolish thing again.你决不应该再做那样的蠢事。(注意此句要用部分倒装)(4)in that case作“在那种情况下，假使那样的话”“如果那样”解时相当于if that happens。It may rain this evening.In that case，well have to stay at home.今天晚上可能下雨。如果是那样，我们就只好呆在家里了。练习：(1)I shall stay in the hotel all day_there is news of the

28、missing child.Ain case Bno matterCin any case Dever since(2)Leave your key with a neighbor_you lock yourself out one day.Aever since Beven ifCsoon after Din case(3)Some parents dont allow their children to go online_they are affected by something unhealthy.Afor fear that BunlessCin only Din case单项填空

29、1. When I walked past the street and saw the children playing happily, their happy laughter _ memories of my childhood. A. called in B. called for C. called on D. called up2. He was left out when they _ choosing a new manager, which came as a complete surprise to him. A. set out B. set about C. set

30、off D. set up3. We all write _ even when there is not much to say.A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less4. We should _ right _ wrong.A. distinguish; by B. distinguish; for C. distinguish; from D. distinguish; to5. She doesnt play the piano, but she likes singing and dancing. _.

31、A. So I am B. So it is with my sisterC. So am I D. Neither do I6. The train came to an _ stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.A. abruptly B. suddenly C. surprised D. abrupt答案：1. （1）选A 。（2）【答案】B2. 完成句子(1)答案：convenient(2)答案：bring great convenience(3) A.adaptable表示“能适应的，适应性强的”；D.available表

32、示“可获得的，可得到的”。【答案】C(4)【解析】“如果你方便的话”应用if it is convenient to/for you。【答案】C3. (1)解析：选B。(2)解析：选C。refuse 后跟动词不定式作宾语，所以C项正确。4. (1)答案：associated with his former life(2)【解析】句意为：他希望忘记跟他过去生活有联系的一切东西，开始新的人生。be associated with.表示“和有联系”，此处作后置定语，符合语意要求。【答案】B【重点短语】1. (1) on(2) for(3) up(4) off(5) in(6)【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析 call on。按照句意此处为给-打电话；call