现在分词做定语和状语概要1

1、3. The Transrapid Maglev is the worlds first high-speed train using magnetic levitated technology. using magnetic levitated technology是现在分词是现在分词作定语。作定语。比较：比较：Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes.Travelling at a speed

2、of over 400 kilometers per hour 是现在分词短语在句子中作状语。是现在分词短语在句子中作状语。1 单个的动词单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义有两种含义: 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋跑鞋a working method =a method of working 工作工作方法方法a singing competi

3、tion a walking stick 动词动词-ing形式作定语形式作定语歌咏比赛歌咏比赛手杖手杖a drawing boarda sewing machine a swimming pool a waiting room a dining cara driving permit画板画板缝纫机缝纫机游泳池游泳池候车室候车室餐车餐车驾驶许可证驾驶许可证 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。develop

4、ing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题困扰人的问题a barking dog a disappointing play an astonishing adventure a sleeping baby boiling water failing sight

5、the setting sun the coming week 狂吠的狗狂吠的狗 令人失望的戏剧令人失望的戏剧惊人的冒险惊人的冒险熟睡的婴儿熟睡的婴儿正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水逐渐衰退的视力逐渐衰退的视力落日落日下一周下一周30.（10浙江20）Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing13.(09江西34)Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewla

6、ws_parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren. forcedB.forcingA.C.tobeforcedD.havingforced(13天津）10.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsindailyconversations. usingB.touse C.havingusedD.used（13陕西）14.Thewitnessesbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.ques

7、tionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestioned D.havingquestioned10.Theairport_nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea. beingcompletedB.tobecompletedA.C.completedD.havingbeencompleted动词动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、形式作时间、原因、条

8、件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。情况状语时常位于句末。(1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考。我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考。Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. (= After we have made full preparations.)动词动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 由于生病，他昨

9、天没有上学。由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.(= Since he was ill.) (3) 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = ., and left him a lot of money.(4) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Working

10、 hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons. (5) 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。失。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this.(6) 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。当于一个并列结构。他躺在草地

11、上，长时间地望着天空。他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = .and stared at the sky for a long time. 现在分词短语用作状语时，可以表示伴随、时间、条件、现在分词短语用作状语时，可以表示伴随、时间、条件、原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主主语是句子的主语语是句子的主语，它们之间为主谓关系。，它们之间为主谓关系。(2013北京）24.thecourseverydifficult,shede

12、cidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.FindB.Finding C.Tofind D.Found（2013湖南）25.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_themountainingoldenlight.A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havebathedChoose the best answers (13北京)24.thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel. FindB.Finding C.Tofind D.Found（13四川）8._whichuniver

13、sitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice. NotknowingB.KnowingnotA.C.NotknownD.Knownnot1.（10福建25）Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.Asending B.tosend C.havingsentD.tohavesent4.（10上海35）thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheigh

14、t.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached1._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received解析：没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动解析：没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用作之前所以应该用having done; 此题又是表此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为否定含义，分词的否定式为not doing/not hav

15、ing done；故选；故选 C。C（2013北京）32.intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildrensloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded（2013湖南）31._warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay2. European football is played in 80

16、countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) making B. makes C. made D. to make 3. He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone. A.A. finding B. found C. finds D. to findADMaking it the popular sport in the world 为现为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然