外研版高中英语必修三Module1-Europe基本知识

1、Book 3 Module 1 Europe重点单词1. across pre喷过； 穿过2. continental adj.大陆的；大洲的continent n.大洲3. facevt.面向；面对facial adj.面部的4. range n.山脉5. situated adj坐落（某处）的；位于（某处）的situation n.状况，位置6. symbol n.象征；符号-symbolic adj.象征性的7. located adj位于locate v.位于location n.位置；场所8. project n.计划；项目；工程9. civilization n .文明civili

2、ze v .使文明；有修养 civilized adj.有教养的10. ancient adj.古代的11. opposite prep在对面12. sign vt.签署signature n.签名13. agreement n 协议； 契约- agree v. 同意disagreement n （反义词）不同意14. govern vt.统治； 治理government n. 政府governor n. 统治者15. geographical adj地理的一 geography n. 地理学16. feature n.特点17. 短语1. off the coast of 在离海岸不远的地方

3、on the coast of在海岸上2. be located/situated in 位于3. be famous for 因而闻名 be well known to sb.为某人所熟知4. be known as作为而闻名5. work on工作；干活6. because_of 因为 as a result of 由于; 因为 owing to由于； 因为；due to 因为7. ever since 自从以来 since then从那时起一直到现在8. refer to 意指，涉及9. in terms of 据；依照according to 根据；按照10. on （the） one

4、 hand , on the other hand。 一方面.，另一方面11. little by little逐渐地 step by step一点一点地 one by one 一个一个地12. with a population of 有人口13. have.in _common with 与有共同之处14. have control over/of 对 加以控制under the control 在 控制之下take/gain control of取得对 的控制lost control of失去对 的控制keep control of 保持对的控制beyond control无法控制in

5、control of 管理in the control of 失去控制15. of all time 有史以来 all the time 一直;始终 at times 有时;偶尔 at one time 一度;曾经16. in common 共同in common with 和相同common practice 惯例common sense常识17. compare with/to- - 与本目比较 compare notes 交换意见by comparison 本目比之下in comparison with/to 与 本目比Word study:1. range n.排；连续；山脉；（变化等

6、的）幅度；（知识等的）范围；区域；射程 v.排列，使排队；（动植物）分布；（在一定范围内）变化，变动Between France and Spain is another mountain rang e the Pyrenees.a wide range of广泛的；各种各样的a full range of 各种within/in range of 在的范围内beyond/out of one' s range了 的范围range from.to.在范围内变动，包括（由到）之间的各类事物range betweenand在和范围内变动range over范围涉及range in rows

7、 把排成队eg. （1）The child was now out of her range of vision这孩子已经走出 了她的视线。（2）There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。（3）Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million.估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。（4）She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chfo swimming instr

8、uctor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。2. situated = located adj.坐落（某处）的； 位于（某处的）situate vt.使位于，使处于situation n.情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；形势，立场 be situated on / in/ at 位于 的；处于地位（境遇、状态）的be located at/ in/ on 位于 的； 处于位置be badly/well situated 境况困难 /良好be in an embarrassing situations 境尴尬save the situation 挽回局势the international

9、 situation 国际（国内）形势feel out the situation 摸清底细（情况）location n.位置，场所，所在地on location 拍摄外景的，拍摄外景中eg. （1）The school is situated in the suburbs.这所学校位于交砂卜。（2）He was very badly situated. 他处于困境中。（3）I am now in a difficult situation. 我现在处境困难。辨析：situate /locate(1) be situated on/ in / at 与be located on/ in / a

10、t意义相同，都可表示“位于 的，坐落 在的”意思Where will the school be situated /located?(2) situated做为形容词用时，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于境况”。-How are you situated?你情况如何？-Very badly.坏极了locate还可以表示“确定某物的位置，找出 的场所”之意。We located the island on the map.3. symbol n.象征；符号The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous sy

11、mbol of Paris. Generally, we use X as the symbol for an unknown quantity. symbol /sign/ signal(1)symbol指作为象征意义或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。signal指为某一目的而有意义的信号。4. opposite prep.在对面adj.相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的 adv.在对面n.反义词，对立的事物，相反的人The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.The library i

12、s on the opposite side of the road from our school.opposition n.反对，敌对，相反oppositely adv.相对地，对立地be opposite from与相反； 不相容be opposite to在对面； 与相反just the opposite 恰恰相反be opposed to-反对; 反抗in opposition to sb./sth.反对eg.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar.坐在我们对面的人看上去面 (2)Light is opposite to s

13、hadow.光亮与阴暗是相反的。(3)Mary isn't shy at alljust the opposite in fact玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。(4)We sat opposite talking. 我们相对而坐，说着话。5. head n.领导；领袖；头；v.带领；向方向前进In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen.When the engine caught fire, I just lost my head.当head意为“领导；领袖；头；头脑”时是可数名词

14、；但作为量词，表示“多少头”时 不可用复数。keep one s head 保持冷静lose one s head头脑不清醒，慌张a clear/cool head冷静/清醒的头脑hold one' s head high昂首挺胸from head to foot从头到脚；全身；完全head for/toward朝;向ared with China?6. In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union co(a). in terms of = with regard to/according to/in th

15、e light of 据； 依照； 在 方面The job is great in teams of salary, but it has its e to terms和解；妥协；让步come to terms with甘心忍受be on good/bad terms with与关系彳艮好(坏)in the long (short) term 从长远(眼前)来看in any terms 无论如何，在任何情况下be in terms 在谈判 (交涉) 中keep on good (friendly) terms with sb.与某人保持良好(友好)关系，交朋友

16、keep terms with sb.与某人交往；与某人保持友好关系be on equal terms关系平等on one s terms依照某人的条件eg. (1)It is difficult to express it in terms of science.要用科学的字眼来表达它是很难的。(2)The figures are expressed in terms of a percentages些数字是以百分数表示的。(3) In terms of money, her loss was smal从金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。7. little by little 一点一点地，慢

17、慢地，逐渐地bit by bit 一点一点地quite a little美 口大量，丰富little more than 和无差别(一样)by little and little = little by little 逐渐地，一点点地a little 一点儿a bit of 一点儿 a little bit 少量的a little more /less 有点多 /少quite a bit 颇多eg. (1)Little by little things returned to normal.情况逐渐恢复正常。(2)Graham was more than a little frightened

18、 by what he had seen.格雷厄姆被他看到的事吓了 一大跳。【拓展】：not a little/not a bit(1)not a little 许多；很=veryShe was . not a little tired after the long journey.经过长途跋涉，她非常累。(2)not a bit一点儿也不=not at allI 'n_not a bit_tired now.我现在一点儿也不累。Really, David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.的

19、确，就慷慨大方这一点来说，大卫一点也不像他哥哥。8. last: vi 持续 The rainy season lasted until July.耐久 The coat lasts well.vt.熬过时候；度过，足够维持 The food will last us three days.9. influence vt.影响；对起作用；左右n.影响；作用；影响力have an influence on sb./sth.对产生影响have influence over sb./ sth对有影响力under the influence of 受影响 under the influence 喝醉的

20、10. compare v.关于compare短语：compared with和比较(作状语,放于句首或句末)compare A to B 把 A 比作 Bcompare A with B 把A和B作比较11. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说at hand在手边，在附近； 即将到来，即将发生 at first hand第一手地，直接地at second handH二手的； 间接的； 旧的； 用过的 on every hand四面八方，四周 on the one hand.; on the other hand.，方面； 另一方面at any hand= in any h

21、and在任何情况下； 无论如何eg. (1) He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太多了。(2)On the one hand he loves her very much; on the other hand , he hates her pride.他一方面非常喜欢她，另一方面又讨厌她的骄傲。【拓展】：on the other hand / on the contraryon the other hand表示另一方面”，说明同一件事的两个方面，

22、并不表示相反的对立面。 多用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。(2)on the contrary表示 相反的"，用于对比指出与前面事情截然相反的方面。本目当于 the opposite is true: not at alleg. (1) I'm sure you like your new job.我相信你喜欢你的新工作一On the contrary : it's very dull.正相反，新工作很乏味。(2)I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought o

23、f moving.12. sign n.记号，符 signature n.签名我想卖掉房子，但另一方面我又无法容忍搬家的想法。号；迹象；征兆；痕迹 v.签(名)；做手势；做记号a sign of rain下雨的预兆 make/give a sign to 对做手势sign for/up签字领取/报名参加 sign (your name) here, please.traffic signs交通标志talk by signs用手势交谈sign in/out签到/签退sign sb. to do sth.打手势让某人做某事eg. (1)There were no signs of life on

24、the island.那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。(2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign. 在我发信号之前，谁也没动。(3)He signs (to/for) me to stop.他打手势让我停下。(4)This is a registered letter, and someone will have to sign for it.这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。(5)I'm thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。13. The Un

25、ited Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.off the coast of离陆地不远的海上on the coast指在离海面附近的陆地上I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England.He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.句中的。"是介词，译为“与相离，脱离”eg. He lives in a villagea little away off the road.他住在离大路不远的村子里。It wi

26、ll be a good thing when those old cars are off the roadsiB 些旧车不再上路将是件大好事 from指从某个起点离开或行为从某个起点开始；off指离开或脱离某物。continental adj.大陆的，大陆性的continent大陆a continental climate 大陆性气候continental breakfast欧式早餐（只供应面包、咖啡的简单早餐）continental shelf 大陆架 continent (C) n.大陆 North America 北美洲continental divide 大陆分水岭continen

27、tal drift 大陆漂移the Continental Congress 大陆会议Asia亚洲Africa非洲South America 南美洲Europe 欧洲Australia 澳洲Antarctica 南极洲the New Continent新大陆，指南北美洲大陆14. France is Europe' shird largest country and faces the United Kingdom across theEnglish Channel.Europe' s third largest count胡容词的 最高级 级前加上了序数词third来修饰，如

28、 eg. The second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuanH 二贵的西服花了 我 1000。face n.脸；面，表面 v.面对，面临；朝向；正视【拓展】in (the) face of 面对be faced with 面临/面对make a face (= make faces)做鬼脸；扮怪相 face up to大胆面向hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸 save one 飞face保全面子 lose one ' e fac面子face to face 面对面with a smile on one's fac

29、e 面带微笑fly in the face of 公然反抗eg. (1)_Faced with_difficulty, we didn't give in.面对困难，我们没有屈服。(2)The house faces (to the) south.这房子朝南。(3)Liu Hulan faced the enemy bravely /with courage文 M胡兰勇敢地面对敌人。 (4)If anything goes wrong, it is I who will have to face the music.如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。15. 三种常见倍数句式：倍数 +as

30、+adj/adv(原型)+as倍数+adj/adv(比较级)+than倍数 +the size /length /depth of16. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. Part of /half of /two thirds of/20 percent of + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语 Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语eg. Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasse酸近 70%

31、的学生都戴眼镜。Half of the food was wasted. 一半的食物都浪费了 cover v.覆盖 cover A with B= A is covered with/by 被.所覆盖from cover to cover 从头至U尾under cover 被守护17. be situated（located） on/in 位于某处 more than 超过； 不仅仅be famous for因而出名be famous as作为而出名be famous to 为所熟知two-thirds三分之二the second largest city 第二个最大 的 城市be desig

32、ned by （sb.南所设计work on 从事not- until 直至才because of 由于in the 1300s 在 14 世纪last for持续of all time 一直，有史以来such as例如ever since 从那以后重点句型1. France is Europe 'third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.法国是欧洲第三大国，越过英吉利海峡与英国隔海相望。across prep.传示运动）横过，越过（表示位置）在 的对面The old ma

33、n walked across the roadcross v.越过cross the street穿过大街crossing （C）十字路口2. Italy is in_ the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediteranean.意大禾【J在欧洲南部on （表示接近）接近于 ，面向一（河川、道路等的）旁边，沿着，朝着 a town on the river河畔的城镇Paris is located on the River Seine.巴黎位于塞纳河上。on表示事物与另一区域的接壤关系；to表示事物对区域范围之外的另一事物的位置；in表不在范围内

34、。3. Their work has influenced other writers ever sincefe们的作品影响了后世的作家。4. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people,jwice _as big as the population of the United States.扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿，是美国人口的两倍。II. Lauguage points:2. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his de

35、ath in 1926. work on （sth）继续工作，对起作用”=contribute to 从事，致力于 spend time/energy on sth.eg.他近期一直忙着写新小说。He is working on his new novel in these days.拓展: work at从事于 致力于 work out 做出； 算出3. Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the

36、 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.1) “Florence is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后 which引导的是定语从句，修饰 city。从句中 “a great artistic movement. 是 the Renaissance勺同位语，这个同位 语中又包含一个定语从句“which began in . year§ 来彳饰 movement2) because of 由于,因为“(后接 n./doing/pron)=thanks to, owning to, as a result of,due t

37、o, on account of而because!：一个连词，后者接句子。试比较： He was late because of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday.3) in the 1300s意为“在14世纪30年代”，注意表示“世纪年代”时， 要在年代后加s,类似的表达有：in one' s thirties在某人三十多岁时。eg. When he was, he got seriously ill his addiction to smoking.A. in his twenty; becaus

38、e of B. in his twenties; because C. in his twenties; because of4. Their work has influenced over writers ever since.ever since ”从那以后”，要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有sofar, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last (month), in/for the past+ 一段时 间,since.ago 等。eg. He came to England three years ago

39、 and has lived here ever since .他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。I haven 't seennher ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。We have completed half of the work so far .到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。 The couple have been working very hard for/in the last(past ) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。【拓展】：(1)It is/was/has beetU时间段+ since从句(过去时).

40、自从已经多久了It is three years since hejoined the army.他参军 3 年了。It is three years since hesmoked.他戒烟 3 年了(不吸烟)。(2) It will be/was+时间段+ before从句再有多长时间才It was 2 years before wemet each other again.It will not be long before heknows the truth.过不了多久，他就会知道真相，(3)在It is/was +时间段+ since.句型中，若since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意

41、思 要发生变化。eg. How long do you suppose it is he arrived there?(D)A. when B. before C. afterD. since思维拓展1. opposition U反对，敌对oppositely adv相反地2. beside 和 besides 的用法：beside prep.在 的旁边besides prep. & adv.除了 之外next后接宾语须有to; near为介词，可直接接宾语3. none与no one none可指人、物，可与of连用，用来回答how many的提问，谓 语单复数皆可。no one只可

42、以指人，不与of连用，谓语为单数，用来回答 who的提问。 Neither, none, no one, nothing示全部否定， not 与 all, both, every 连用表示部分否定。Eg: Both of them won't go there他们两个人不会都去那儿。4. calm 平静的，沉着的，指无风浪的或人的心情不激动。still 静止的，不动的，指没有运动或动作。silent 沉默的，不发音的。5. paint指用颜料画，如油画颜料、水彩或者水墨画；draw通常指用铅笔、钢笔或者粉笔画，后者一般并不涂上颜色。6. imagination n. 想象力，思想bey

43、ond imagination 出乎意料地draw on (one s) imagination 杜撰，编造have a good imagination 想象力好have a poor imagination 想象力差7. Don t mention it. 不要客气；不用谢。哪里，哪里(客套话) 。(not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提8. belong to 没有被动形式，无进行时，类似的短语还有 : take place, come about, come out, come up, come true, break out, run out, take part

44、 in。9. increase指形状、大小、数量、程度等的增大；enlarge主要指大小、体积、范围、能力等的增大； multiply 主要指增加数量，通过繁殖来增加。课文部分练习题：1 There had been no of life on Mars so far, though great efforts have been made onresearch.A symbol B signC markD signal2 Known a writer, Jin Yong, whose real name is Zha Liangyong, is well known Chinese peop

45、le his wonderful works.A as; for; to B for; to; asC as; to; for D to; as; for3 . with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C FacingD To face4 . For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs thatfromkindergartens to colleges. A spread B move

46、C shift D range5 . in the east of the city, the museum is one of the biggest of its kind in the country.A Locating B Being locatedC Located D To be located6 . The library is on the side of the road from the school.A across B contraryC opposedD opposite7 . (2007 浙tC)The openair celebration has been p

47、ut off the bad weather.A . in case ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. because of8 . , the wind died down and people began to appear on the street.A. A little bit B. A bit lessC. Not a little D. Little by little9 . I would like a job which pays more but I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.A .in

48、 other words B. on the other handC. for one thing D. as a matter of fact1 0. the northeast coast of the sea, we could find the forest was on fire on the islandthe coast. A . On; on B. Off; off C . On; offD. Off; on2 1. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A.Sinc

49、eB. Unless C. As D. Although1 2 . Wang Hailing's first book was a great success and she famous as a writer in thearmy ever since. A. had been B. has been C. was D. became Function Part:WordsUsageacrosson the other side of 在另一边betweenhaving one thing on one side and sth else on the other在之间常构成 be

50、tweenandoffaway from 远离 off the coasttoin the direction 在的外面，不接壤onnext to, along the side of 接壤,在河边 on the river/ coastinwithin a place or area 在内部【注】：across指从一个平面上穿过；through指从物体的中间穿过， 给人以立体感across与cross across是介词，不能在句中作谓语；cross是动词，在句中作谓语4Other prepositions or prepositional phrases( 其他介词或介词短语)：Descr

51、ibe locations: On the left/right , in front of , behind, near, next to, opposite, 表达地点above, below, beside.Describe movement表达运动:to, from 4Practice：1. The Red Army overcame many difficulties during the Long March, the snow mountain,the river and the forest.A. over; through; across B. over; across; t

52、hroughC. across; through; over D. across; over; through2. Taiwan is the east of Fujian and lies the east of China.A. in; in B. in; to C. to; / D. to; /in3 .The country is a small island the south coast of the Pacific Ocean.A. ofB. from C. offD. on4 . As I came the town, I found many houses had been

53、destroyed by the earthquake.A. throughB. across C. cross D. inThe countries are independent and are governed in different ern vt.统治，控制，管理n. government政府eg. The price is governed by marked demand价格取决于市场需求。Period 3 grammarPart 1 Subject and Verb agreement 主谓一致（一）主谓一致三原则1 .语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；

54、主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。eg. He does well in maths.Australia is an extremely rich country.2 .意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。eg. The teacher and writeiis going to give us a lecture on writing.那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。3 .就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。eg. Either he or I am right.There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.【注

55、】：三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。 eg. Morethan ten students have passed the driving te漱式和意义都是复数 ）当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。eg. More than one student has passed the driving test.（S；是单数，意义是复数 ）（二）主谓一致细说1.谓语用单数时的情况：（1）不可数名词做主语时。eg. Thereis a lot of water in the jar.【注】：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量

56、词本身的形式一致。eg.One million tons of oil were produced last year.（2）不定式短语（to do）、动名词短语（doing sth.）和从句做主语时。eg. That she will come here tomorrowis certain.Taking more exercisesis healthy.【注】：what从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：What they want is nothing but a rest. 和 What he wantsare two books.当what从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。eg. What he saidhas left us much to think about.(3)主语是形单意单的词 主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有as well as， with ， together with ， besides， except，but ， including ， rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用