合同的文体特点与种类

1、Lecture ElevenLecture ElevenContracts Translation 合同是为了搞好协作而拟订的一种凭证，合同是为了搞好协作而拟订的一种凭证，涉及当事人经济、技术、法律等问题，涉及当事人经济、技术、法律等问题，因此在语言上形成了因此在语言上形成了正式严格正式严格，详尽准详尽准确确、迂腐腐旧迂腐腐旧、复杂艰深复杂艰深的特点的特点 合 同一、合同的文体特点二、合同的种类三、合同中的常用语 四、翻译合同的步骤及注意事项合同的文体特点 1、内容上的针对性 2、格式上的规范性 3、句式结构的复杂性 4、指称上的单位性 5、表达上的条理性 6、措词上的法律性合同的格式结构1.

2、 Preamble （前言） 写明当事人的名称及缔约目的和原则等内容2. Main Clauses（正文/主要条款） 明确规定当事人的具体权利和义务、违约赔偿、 争议解决、适用法律等条款3. Concluding Clauses（最后条款） 包括合同的法定地址、效力范围、有效条件、双方代表签字等 Employment Contract Amway Company, the employer, hereby employs Richard Johnson, the employee, to perform duties as stated below, consideration for whi

3、ch the employer will pay the employee at the rate of US $ 2,000 per month, and in addition, compensate him for any other expenses incurred by him when he is carrying out his duties. In keeping with the above-mentioned remuneration, the employee shall agree to carry out the following duties: to negot

4、iate with Chinese authorities about the cooperation between Amway Company Limited and China; to arrange for the visits of Jimmy Ford, president, and other executives to China; to act as authorized representative in any aspect relating to the cooperation with China and to respond to any inquiries fro

5、m Chinese parties. In this employment, the employee shall act honestly, laboriously and to the best of his ability.This contract shall take effect on January 1st, 2003. If one party wants to terminate the contract, a written notice one month beforehand shall be given to another party. Employer Emplo

6、yeeAmway Company Limited Richard Johnson Amway Company Limited Richard JohnsonPreambleMain ClausesConcluding Clause合同的文体特点合同句式结构的复杂性合同句式结构的复杂性Technical Documentation means the technical literatures, drawings, pictures, tapes, etc, that Party B possesses and has applied or developed for its own produ

7、ction as well as in its current manufacture during the validity term of the contract for designing, calculating, manufacturing, quality control, assembling installations, maintaining and testing of the Contract Products (hereinafter referred to as Documentation)文件文件技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等乙方所持有的

8、并在生产中加以乙方所持有的并在生产中加以应用和开发的技术文献、图纸、应用和开发的技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等照片、磁带等在合同有效期内仍在当前的在合同有效期内仍在当前的制作过程中，制作过程中，用于对合同的产品进行设计、计算、制造、用于对合同的产品进行设计、计算、制造、质量控制、安装、维护、测试等质量控制、安装、维护、测试等（以下称文件）（以下称文件）技术文件指的是乙方所持有的并在生产中加以技术文件指的是乙方所持有的并在生产中加以应用和开发的技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等，应用和开发的技术文献、图纸、照片、磁带等，在合同有效期内仍在当前的制作过程中，用于对在合同有效期内仍在当前的制作过程中，用于对

9、合同的产品进行设计、计算、制造、质量控制、合同的产品进行设计、计算、制造、质量控制、安装、维护、测试等（以下称文件）安装、维护、测试等（以下称文件）指称上的单位性指称上的单位性 Both Party A and Party B agree that a technology transfer agreement shall be signed between the joint venture company and Party X (or a third party)甲、乙双方同意，由合营公司与甲、乙双方同意，由合营公司与X方（或第三方）方（或第三方）签订技术转让协议签订技术转让协议 间接指

10、称间接指称the Seller the Buyerthe Recipient Party the Supplying the Transferor the Transferee （卖方）（卖方）(买方买方)（受主）（受主）（供方）（供方）（转让方）（转让方）（受让方）（受让方）合同的种类一、商品进出口合同 1. 售货合同 2. 购货合同二、其他类型国际贸易合同 1. 寄售合同 2. 代理合同 3. 易货合同 4. 来料加工装配合同 5. 补偿贸易合同 6. 合作经营合同Sales ContractPurchase ContractConsignment ContractAgency Contr

11、actBarter ContractProcessing & Assembling ContractCompensation Trade ContractCooperative Venture Contract三、国际技术、劳务合同 1. 劳务合同 2. 派遣专家合同 3. 设计合同 4. 项目安装合同 5. 工程承包合同 6. 许可证合同 7. 空运货物转运合同合同的种类Service ContractContract for Sending ExpertsDesign ContractInstallation ContractConstruction Management Cont

12、ractLicense ContractAir Freight Forwarder Agreement常用语 1. break / keep a contract 2. sign a contract 3. terminate a contract 4. draw up / draft a contract 5. fulfill a contract 6. cancel a contract 7. have entered into this contract 8. Both parties have agreed to 9. The Seller shall not be responsib

13、le for 10. The contract is signed/made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers. 11. Party A shall pay Party B 12. The case shall be submitted for arbitration if 撕毁/遵守合同签署合同终止合同草拟合同执行合同撤销合同已签定本合同双方已同意卖方不负责本合同由买卖双方签订。甲方付给乙方如果 应通过仲裁解决。13. The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party. 14. ma

14、nagement/ employment contract15. amend / break / cancel / carry out /draft/ execute a contract 16. After friendly negotiations, both sides have entered into this contract with the following terms and conditions. 17. The Contract is made / signed/ entered into by and between 18. Both sides wish to en

15、ter into this contract. 19. All disputes arising out of this contract shall be referred to the International Court of Law. 20. The representatives of Party A and Party B have agreed to conclude this Contract according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 常用语仲裁费应由败诉方承担。经营管理/雇佣合同修改/撕毁/撤销/履行/草

16、拟/执行合同经友好协商，双方签订以下合同。本合同由签订双方都希望达成本合同。涉及本合同的一切争议将提交国际法庭裁决。甲乙双方代表同意订立本合同，其条款如下： Contract Translation合同的文体特点5、表达上的条理性、表达上的条理性 纲目 条理分明 条款 不求铺陈，但求明晰 细则 不求修饰，但求达意。1) Payment shall be made by Party B in a week.2) Party A shall send technicians to train Party Bs personnel. Payment shall be made by Party B

17、within a week taken the delivery .Payment shall be made by Party B after a week taken the delivery.Part A shall send technicians at Party Bs expenses to train Party Bs Personnel within 30 days after signing the contract. 应由乙方在提货后一周内付款。应由乙方在提货后一周内付款。应由乙方在提货一周后付款。应由乙方在提货一周后付款。甲方应于合同签订日后甲方应于合同签订日后30天内委

18、派技术员对乙方的天内委派技术员对乙方的工作人员进行培训。费用由乙方负责。工作人员进行培训。费用由乙方负责。 Contract Translation合同的文体特点6. 措词上的法律性措词上的法律性 合同规定了各方的权利和义务具有法律约束合同规定了各方的权利和义务具有法律约束 力。为了避免产生任何误解和歧义，必须行文力。为了避免产生任何误解和歧义，必须行文 严谨，措词准确，具有法律文字特有的稳重性。严谨，措词准确，具有法律文字特有的稳重性。 1)At the request of party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist part

19、y B to install the equipment. 2)In processing transactions, the manufacturers never have title either to the materials or to the finished products. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。 在加工贸易中，厂方对原料和成品均无所有权。 assign construeconvene executeInterim partake Repatriate the said(转让转让)（解释）（解释）（召集）（召集）（签字）（签字）（临时）（临时）（

20、参加）（参加） （遣返）（遣返）（上述的）（上述的）合同的文体特点使用有使用有here 或或 there,或或where+后缀后缀in 或或by 或或after等等构成的复合词：构成的复合词：hereafterherebyhereinhereinafterhereinbeforehereofheretoherebeforehereunder今后、此后今后、此后特此特此由此；于此；因此由此；于此；因此在下文在下文在上文在上文于此；在本文件中于此；在本文件中对此；至此对此；至此迄今；到现在为止迄今；到现在为止在下面在下面合同的文体特点使用有使用有here 或或 there,或或where+后缀后缀

21、in 或或by 或或after等等构成的复合词：构成的复合词：hereuponherewiththereaftertherebytherefromthereinthereinafterthereinbeforethereon关于这个；于是关于这个；于是同此；与此；附此同此；与此；附此此后；以后此后；以后因此；由此；在那方面因此；由此；在那方面从那里从那里在那里；在那点上在那里；在那点上以下；在下文以下；在下文在上文中在上文中在其上在其上III. Abstract Translation合同的文体特点使用有使用有here 或或 there,或或where+后缀后缀in 或或by 或或after等

22、等构成的复合词：构成的复合词：thereoftheretothereunderthereupontherewithwhereaswherebywhereinwhereofwhereon由此；因此由此；因此此外；又此外；又在其项下在其项下随后；因此；在其上；关于那随后；因此；在其上；关于那从此，与此从此，与此鉴于；而鉴于；而由是；凭那个由是；凭那个在哪里；在哪点上在哪里；在哪点上关于那事；关于它关于那事；关于它在其上；在那个上面在其上；在那个上面合同的文体特点使用有使用有here 或或 there,或或where+后缀后缀in 或或by 或或after等等构成的复合词：构成的复合词：1. We

23、hereby confirm having sold to you the following goods on the terms and conditions as specified below.兹确认（特此）按下列条款授予贵公司下述商品。兹确认（特此）按下列条款授予贵公司下述商品。2. In case no settlement can be reached thereby the dispute may, if either party so requires, be resolved by arbitration.如果由此产生的争论不能解决，任何一方认为必要的话，如果由此产生的争论

24、不能解决，任何一方认为必要的话，可以提出仲裁。可以提出仲裁。合同的文体特点3. In witness whereof, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives.4. This contract is made by and between the Buyers andThe Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and theSellers agree to se

25、ll the undermentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.本协议一式两份，由双方授权代表签订，特此为证。本协议一式两份，由双方授权代表签订，特此为证。本合同由买卖双方签订，据此，买卖双方同意按下列条款购本合同由买卖双方签订，据此，买卖双方同意按下列条款购买，出售下列商品买，出售下列商品TRADE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RE

26、PUBLIC OF The Government of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) and the Government of the Republic of (hereinafter referred to as ),in pursuance of the Trade and Payments Agreement signed between the two governments on 14th September, 1995, have, through friendly negotia

27、tions on the trade for the first agreement year (1996) between China and ,entered into the following agreement: Article 1The Peoples Republic of China shall, according to its requirements, import from commodities enumerated in List “A” for a total amount of $ (U.S. dollars) Article 2The Republic of

28、shall, according to its requirements, import from China commodities enumerated in list “B” for a total amount of $(U.S. dollars) Article 3The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the importers and exporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides and the price

29、s shall be fixed in accordance with world market prices. Article 4In accordance with the stipulation mentioned in Article 16 of the Trade and Payments Agreement referred to above, the credit line shall be $ (U.S. dollars).This Contract shall become operative from the date on which the Trade and Paym

30、ents Agreement comes into force and shall be valid for one year.Done in duplicate in Beijing on the 14th day of September, 1995 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic.For the GovernmentFor the Government of the Peoplesof the Republic Republic of Chinaof （signature）

31、（signature）TRADE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF 中华人民共和国政府和中华人民共和国政府和 共和国政府贸易合同共和国政府贸易合同 The Government of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) and the Government of the Republic of (hereinafter referr

32、ed to as ),in pursuance of the Trade and Payments Agreement signed between the two governments on 14th September, 1995, have, through friendly negotiations on the trade for the first agreement year (1996) between China and ,entered into the following agreement:中华人民共和国政府（下文简称中国）和中华人民共和国政府（下文简称中国）和 共和

33、国政府共和国政府（下文简称（下文简称 ），根据），根据1995年年9月月14日签订的两国政府贸易和日签订的两国政府贸易和支付协定，就第一个协定年度（支付协定，就第一个协定年度（1996年）的贸易进行了友好商谈，年）的贸易进行了友好商谈，达成如下协议：达成如下协议：III. Abstract Translation Article 1The Peoples Republic of China shall, according to its requirements, import from commodities enumerated in List “A” for a total amount

34、 of $ (U.S. dollars) Article 2The Republic of shall, according to its requirements, import from China commodities enumerated in list “B” for a total amount of $(U.S. dollars) 第一条第一条中国根据需要从进口附表中国根据需要从进口附表“甲甲”所列的商品，总值为美元。所列的商品，总值为美元。 第二条第二条根据需要从中国进口附表根据需要从中国进口附表“乙乙”所列的商品，总值为美元。所列的商品，总值为美元。 Article 3Th

35、e quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the importers and exporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides and the prices shall be fixed in accordance with world market prices. 第三条第三条两国进出口公司所交换的商品的质量和价格应是双两国进出口公司所交换的商品的质量和价格应是双方都能接受的，价格应按照国际市场的价格确定。方都能接受的，价格应按

36、照国际市场的价格确定。 III. Abstract Translation Article 4In accordance with the stipulation mentioned in Article 16 of the Trade and Payments Agreement referred to above, the credit line shall be $ (U.S. dollars).This Contract shall become operative from the date on which the Trade and Payments Agreement come

37、s into force and shall be valid for one year.Done in duplicate in Beijing on the 14th day of September, 1995 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic.For the GovernmentFor the Governmentof the Peoplesof the RepublicRepublic of Chinaof （signature）（signature） 本合同于本合同于19

38、95年年9月月14日在北京签订，一式两份，用中文和英文写日在北京签订，一式两份，用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。成，两种文本具有同等效力。 根据上述的贸易和支付协定第根据上述的贸易和支付协定第16条规定，透支额为美元。条规定，透支额为美元。本合同将于贸易和支付协定生效之日起施行，有效期为一年。本合同将于贸易和支付协定生效之日起施行，有效期为一年。II. Business letters Sample 3 Dear Sir: We thank you for your inquiry of April 2 and are pleased to offer as follows, subj

39、ect to our final confirmation: Commodity: Torch Brand Mens Shirts Specifications: White, long sleeves, made of 80% Dacron Polyester and 20% Cotton Sizes: Large 20%, Medium 50% , Small 30% Packing: Each in a poly-bag ,half dozen to a carton and 10dozen to a wooden case Quantity: 1500 dozen Price:each

40、 dozen CIF Shipment: May/June 1981 Payment: By confirmed irrevocable L/C payable at sight 收到了贵方四月二日询价信，谢谢。兹报盘如下，以收到了贵方四月二日询价信，谢谢。兹报盘如下，以我方最后确认为准：我方最后确认为准：品名：火炬牌男衬衫规格：白色，长袖，涤纶80%，棉20%尺码：大号20%，中号50%，小号30%包装：每件用塑料薄膜袋，每六件一纸盒，二十盒一木箱数量：1500打价格：到岸价格，每打英镑装运：一九八一年五月或六月付款：需保兑，不可撤销的即期汇票信用证III. Abstract Transla

41、tionTRADE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF The Government of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) and the Government of the Republic of (hereinafter referred to as ),in pursuance of the Trade and Paymen

42、ts Agreement signed between the two governments on 14th September, 1995, have, through friendly negotiations on the trade for the first agreement year (1996) between China and ,entered into the following agreement: Article 1The Peoples Republic of China shall, according to its requirements, import f

43、rom commodities enumerated in List “A” for a total amount of $ (U.S. dollars) Article 2The Republic of shall, according to its requirements, import from China commodities enumerated in list “B” for a total amount of $(U.S. dollars) Article 3The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged b

44、etween the importers and exporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides and the prices shall be fixed in accordance with world market prices. Article 4In accordance with the stipulation mentioned in Article 16 of the Trade and Payments Agreement referred to above, the credit line s

45、hall be $ (U.S. dollars).This Contract shall become operative from the date on which the Trade and Payments Agreement comes into force and shall be valid for one year.Done in duplicate in Beijing on the 14th day of September, 1995 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authen

46、tic.For the GovernmentFor the Government of the Peoplesof the Republic Republic of Chinaof （signature） （signature）中华人民共和国政府代表工和国政府代表（签字）（签字） 前言 (当事人的名称,缔约目的和原则)正文 (当事人的具体权利和义务、违约赔 偿、争议解决、适用法律)最后条款（法定地址、效力范围、有效条件、 双方代表签字等）翻译合同的步骤 首先，要通读全文，以求全面理解，掌握内涵。通读全文的目的在于从宏观上了解契约的总体概貌和篇章结构。 第二，细研章节。这是在通读全文的基础上进行

47、的。由于契约的章节条款具有相对的独立性，可逐字、逐句、逐条、逐段、逐节、逐章地仔细研读，反复推敲，以求达到细致深入的理解。 第三，准确表达。在翻译过程中，关键是要求译文内容与原文内容保持等值，避免出现差错和误解。 最后，在准确表达的前提下，力求使译文的格式和文体符合合同的规范和要求。 订购合同订购合同 本合同于2005年8月15日，以顺发水轮发电机厂为甲方，以日兴电厂为乙方。 兹约定： 甲方与乙方订立协议并同意：由甲方负责在第二年向乙方提供3台水电站用T236型水轮发电机，并按下列期限分期交货，到2月30日止如数交迄。 乙方与甲方订立协议并同意，对上述水轮发电机每台支付63，000美元，货到即

48、付。 订约的任何一方如未履约，根据合同规定并经双方同意，违约一方应向对方赔偿86，000美元为商定的损失赔偿费。 甲方：顺发水轮发电机厂 乙方：日兴电厂 亚历山大 布莱克 （经理） 江秀仪 （经理）ORDER CONTRACT 本合同于2005年8月15日，以顺发水轮发电机厂为甲方，以日兴电厂为乙方。 This agreement is made on the fifth day of August 2005 between Shunfa Water Turbine Generator Factory, the first party and Rixing Power Plant, the s

49、econd party. 兹约定： Witness:ORDER CONTRACT 甲方与乙方订立协议并同意：由甲方负责在第二年向乙方提供3台水电站用T236型水轮发电机，并按下列期限分期交货，到2月30日止如数交迄。 The first party contracts and agrees with the second party that he will provide the second party during next year with 3 T236 water turbine generators used for power station, on the following

50、 specific term: the above mentioned 3 boilers by the thirtieth of February.ORDER CONTRACT 乙方与甲方订立协议并同意，对上述水轮发电机每台支付63，000美元，货到即付。 And the second party contracts and agrees with the first party that he will pay for the above-mentioned water turbine generators $63,000 for each upon delivery. 订约的任何一方如未

51、履约，根据合同规定并经双方同意，违约一方应向对方赔偿86，000美元为商定的损失赔偿费。 In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties, it is hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other $ 86,000 as fixed and settled damages. 甲方：顺发水轮发电机厂 乙方：日兴电厂亚历山大 布莱克 （经理） 江秀仪 （经理） Party A: Shunfa Water Turbine Ge

52、nerator Factory Alexander Black (manager) Party B: Rixing Power Plant Jiang Xiuyi (manager)销售合同销售合同 合同编号：NO. 201 签订地点：中华人民共和国安徽合肥香山路26号 签订日期：2005年6月25日 买方：合肥电厂 卖方：西雅图发电设备厂 双方同意按下列条款由买方售出下列商品：销售合同销售合同 （1）商品名称及包装：冲击水斗式水轮发电机组）商品名称及包装：冲击水斗式水轮发电机组,每每箱一组箱一组 （2）数量：一组）数量：一组 (3)单价：单价：$2,000 （贰千美元整）（贰千美元整） (4

53、)总值总值:$2,000 （贰千美元整）（贰千美元整） （装运数量允许有（装运数量允许有5%的增减）的增减） （5）装运期限：）装运期限：2005年年8月月10日前日前（6）装运口岸：西雅图）装运口岸：西雅图（7）目的口岸：合肥）目的口岸：合肥销售合同销售合同 （8）保险；由卖方负责，按本合同总值110%投保。 （9）付款：（略） （10）商品检验：（略） （11）装运唛头：（略）销售合同销售合同 （12） 仲裁：凡因执行本合约或有关本合约所发生的一切争执，双方应以友好方式协商解决；如果协商不能解决，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束

54、力。（13） 附加条款（本合同其他条款如与本附加条款有抵触时，以本附加条款为准。）：（略） 卖方：西雅图发电设备厂西雅图发电设备厂 买方：合肥电厂合肥电厂SALES CONTRACT 合同编号：NO. 201 Contract NO: NO. 201 签订地点：中华人民共和国安徽合肥香山路26号 Signed at: 26 Xiangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui P.R.C. 签订日期：2005年6月25日 Date: June 25, 2005 买方：合肥电厂 The Buyers：Hefei Power Plant卖方：西雅图发电设备厂 The Sellers：Seatt

55、le Power Generating Equipment Works 双方同意按下列条款由买方售出下列商品： The Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as set forth below：SALES CONTRACT （1）商品名称及包装：冲击水斗式水轮发电机组）商品名称及包装：冲击水斗式水轮发电机组,每每箱一组箱一组 （1）Name of Commodity and Packing: Pelton Type Turbine-Genera

56、tor Units, one unit per box （2）数量：一组）数量：一组 （2）Quantity: one unit (3)单价：单价：$2,000 （贰千美元整）（贰千美元整） （3）Unit Price: $ 2,000 (United States dollars two thousand only) (4)总值总值:$2,000 （贰千美元整）（贰千美元整） （4）Total Value: $ 2,000 (United States dollars two thousand only) （装运数量允许有（装运数量允许有5%的增减）的增减） （Shipment Quanti

57、ty 5 %more or less allowed）SALES CONTRACT （5）装运期限：2005年8月10日前 （5）Time of Shipment：Before August 10, 2005 （6）装运口岸：西雅图（6）Port of Loading：Seattle （7）目的口岸：合肥 (7 ) Port of Destination：Hefei （8）保险；由卖方负责，按本合同总值110%投保。（8）Insurance：To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value. （9）付款：（略） （9）Term

58、s of Payment：（Omitted） （10）商品检验：（略） （10）Inspection：(Omitted) （11）装运唛头：（略） （11）Shipping Marks：(Omitted)SALES CONTRACT （12） 仲裁：凡因执行本合约或有关本合约所发生的一切争执，双方应以友好方式协商解决；如果协商不能解决，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力 (12) Arbitration：All disputes arising in connection with this Sales Contract or th

59、e execution thereof shall be settled by way of amicable negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case at issue shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisions of the said Commission. The awar

60、d by the said Commission shall be deemed as final and binding upon both parties.SALES CONTRACT （13） 附加条款（本合同其他条款如与本附加条款有抵触时，以本附加条款为准。）：（略） （13）Supplementary Condition(s)(Should the articles stipulated in this Contract be in conflict with the following supplementary condition(s)，the supplementary conditi