英语阅读解题技巧-猜测词义

1、英语阅读解题技巧:猜测词义【中图分类号】g63.23【文献标识码】a【文章编 号】2095-3089 (2013) 32-0-01英语阅读理解中经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决 呢？这就需要掌握一定的技巧。有效的做法是：猜测词意一、根据生活常识猜测词义children are always boasting .they say things like “my dact s car is bigger than your dad，s, ” “my mom is smarter than yours. ” and “my family has more money than yours”the w

2、ord “boastin/ means ba.骄傲b.吹牛c.顽皮d.幼稚many plants and animals are going extinctmammoths, which are related (有关联的)with asia elephants, are now extinet. there are no mammoths in the world today.1. a mammoth is a kind of _ca. plant b. bird c. animal d.tree2. the word extinct means _c_a.出现b.危险c.灭绝usually

3、 people make dumplings at home. if you have no time to make them , you can buy them from any supermarket. then you take them home and eat them with vinegarthe wor d “vinegar" means 醋water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.the words “oxygen and hydrogen” mean 氢和氧二、根据上下文的意思来猜测1. some people like t

4、o walk quickly home after work, but i prefer to st roll home and look at the store windows along the woy.（溜达）2. she is usually prompt for all her classes, but to day she arrives quite late.（准 时的）3. the door is so low that i hit my head on the lintel. （门梁）三、根据转折、因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻 辑关系，然

5、后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如because, as, since, for, so, thus, asaresult, ofcourse, therefore 等等）表示前因后果。例如：you shouldn t have blamed him for that, for it wasn' t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那 不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。四、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词 词组，如happya nd gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词，也 可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在

6、进一步解释的过程中使 用的同 义词，女口 man has known some thing abo ut the plane ts venus, mars, and jupiter with the help of spaceships 此句中的venus （金星）、mars （火星）、jupiter （木星）均 为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于'行 星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词 或副词，如but, wh订e, however等；二是看与not搭配的 或表示否定意义的词语，女“ he is so homely, not at all as

7、handsome as his brother.根据 not at all. . . handsome 我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。五、通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上 下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的 作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法 知识，如前缀 un-表反义词,如 happy>unhappy, fair>unfair, important>unimportant 等；后缀-ment 表名词，如 develop、 development, state、 statement,

8、 argue> argument 等； 后 缀-er、-or 或-ist 表同源名词；如 calculate、calculator, visit、 visitor， law、 lawyer, wait、 waiter, science、 scientist, art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。六、通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例女口： but sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. then there is a dry period, or drought从 drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一 段

9、干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久 旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。 这种同义或释义关系常由is, or, that is, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。七、通过句法功能来推测词义例女口： bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假女口 pineapples和coconuts是生词，可以从这两个词在句中所 处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出 pineapples, coconuts 和 bananas, oranges 是同类关系， 同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和 椰子。八、通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物 而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如： the penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole. it i