新目标英语八年级代词讲解

1、第八十课时英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑 问代词、不定代词。1.人称代词（指代人或事物）人称单复数主格宾格笫-人称单数ime复数weus笫二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehimsheherit it复数theythem 人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语单数1 like music（主语）.you are so smart（主语）she is a teache匚（主语） he is outgoing（主语）.it is a cat.复数we like music.you are so smar匸students.®宾格在句了作动

2、词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。i saw him at the party（动词 see 的宾语）.i haven't seen them recently.（动词 see 的宾语）i bought a book forhem.（作介词 for 的宾语）补充：在口语屮，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。is this mr. green?一yes, this is he/him.®在口语屮，当人称代词用于than, as之后或用于强调句屮被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。you know more than she/her.she is as ta

3、ll as me (me=i am).单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如：“i like english.* nme too=i like english too." ”我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”-who did it?-them.(=they did it)牛刀小试判断正误1. ( )he and you should go to the library to return the books.解析：匸确答案 you and he should go to the library to return the books.这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以

4、上的人称代词并列时苴排列顺序一般为you, he, she, i, 而复数时为wc, you, they:如男女并列时,应先男后女，如：he and she如果在表示不好意 思，承担责任吋，单数吋用，i, he, she, you,复数吋用they, you, we,如：tom and i arc good friends.you, he and i must go to play the game for our team this aftemoon.we, you and they have been there before.1, he and you have to pay for i

5、t.2. ()new york is much colder in winter than before解析：止确答案 it is much colder in new york in winter than before.it常常用在英文的句子中來代表吋间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾 语，如：it is ten o*clock now.(代时间)it is far from here to the airport.（代距离）it is very hot.（代天气）it is very difficult to learn english well.（作形式主语）we fo

6、und it very difficult to answer the question.（作形式宾语）2.物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相 当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，和当于一个名词词纟r, 可以单独使用，在旬屮用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：here is my dog. its name is tom.（形容词性物主代词its作name的定语）my sister lost her bicycle.（形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语）is that coffee yours or

7、hers?（名词性物主代词）人称单复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数mymine复数ourourselves第1人称单数youryourself复数youryourselves第三人称单数hishisherhersitsits复数themthemselves判断正谋（ ）tom's mother is taller than my.解析：正确答案tom's mother is taller than mine.形容词性物主代词町以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词,如：my book, |（ij这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象 是 my mother，

8、也就是 mine。3. 反身代词如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。 反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语吋，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可 紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：he himself was a docto匚（同位语）=hc was a doctor hi nisei f.1. （ ）myself did it yesterday.解析：正确答案i myself did it yesterday. i did it myself yesterday.反身代词不可作主语,但可 以用作主语的同位语。再如：she is too young to

9、look after herself.（宾语）i don't blame you, i blame myself（宾语）.he cut himself when he was cooking.（宜语）that poor boy was myself.（表语）那个可怜的孩子就是我白己。补充 反身代词川于be, feel, seem, look等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：i'll be myself again in no time.我一会儿就会好的。he doesn't feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服i'm not quit

10、e myself these days.我近來身体不大舒服。 反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是市不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语please bring your daughter with you.反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是rh不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：the old woman spoke to herself.©make yourself home.这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoy oneself 玩得开心 make yourself at home 像在家中一样help yourself to something 自 c拿某物

11、lost oneself 迷路seat oneself 就处 dress oneself 穿衣take care of yourselves .（yourself）祈始彳u的主语应看作第二人称you.人称单复数主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名诃性物 主代词反身代词第一人称单数imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourself笫三人称虹数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititsitsitsitself复数theythemth

12、eirtheirsthemselves4. 指示代词指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。单数复数例子this/thatthese/thosethis is my book.（主语）i want that.（宾语）my book is that.（表语）为避免重复，可用that和those代替前血提到的名词。如：the playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (that=the playground)my seat is next t

13、o that of the mayor. (that=mayor's seat)©用来冋指上文提到的事情时,可用this或that,但是若要指下文叙述的事惜,通常要用 thiso 如：she is a beautiful girl.who said that?i want to know this: is she beautiful?我想知道这一点：她美吗？®在打电话时，通常用this指白己，用that指对方:hello. this is jim. is that john?喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗? 除用作代词外，this和that还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副

14、词，意为”这么”“那么”, 相当于so。如：i've done only that much.我所做的就这么多。is he always this busy?他总这么忙吗?®指示代词this, that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物, 不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只启that、those后曲可以跟定语 从句。如：that is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语，指人)he is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)he is going to

15、 marry this. (this 作安语时不能指人)i bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)he admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those 指人)he admired that who danced well. (that 作宾语时不能指人)he admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外农漂亮的东西。5. 不定代词10个知识点不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中不定彳弋词冇：some (something, somebody, someone,

16、 somewhere), any (anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere), no (nothing, nobody, no one), every (everything, everybody, everyone, everywhere), all, each, both, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, other (s), another, none, one, either, ncithci等。复合不定代词构成bodyonethingwheresomesomebodysomeonesomethingsomewherea

17、nyanybodyanyoneanythinganywhereeveryeverybodyeveryoneeverythingeverywherenonobodyno onenothingnowhere© some/any按照语法“ny用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于肯定句，陈述句中。i want some books to read. do you have any? something/anything按照语法anything用于疑问句和否定句，而something用于肯定句，陈述句中，在由would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说

18、话者想得到对方的 肯定答复吋，在疑问句中要用some而不用anyowould you like something to drink?© many /muchmuch用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用 复数形式的谓语动词。much of what you said is true.many know him.®(a)few/ (a)little(a)fcw修饰可数名词，(a)fcw修饰不可数名词。little与few用于句中吋，均要按否定句看待。few用于可数名词，意为儿乎没有，但few作 主语时谓语动词则要川复数形式。a litt

19、le与a few用在肯定旬中。many know him, but few like him.few用于口j数名词，意为几乎没冇，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而a few为有一些。you have few friends, have you?®both/all表示两者都用both三者或者三者以上用all 其用法有both -and与both/all of形式 否 定的时候为部分否定。both作同位语时，它在句中的位置冇：在be后实前，如：we are both students.the parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助

20、动词之后，如：we have both read these english novels. 使川时要注意以下句了的实际含意：both of us are not ripht.应译为：我们俩不都对。neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：i can't pive you both of the books.；总：为：两本卩我 不能全给你,而 cant give you either of the books tom and lucy both like this little boy. both of the two boys like swimmin

21、g the others=other+ 名复there are ten students here.where are the others?there are ten students here where are the other students?©either/ neitherhe or his brother is doing his homework在either-or,或neither-nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。either teachers or students want to do their best to help the

22、old manthe teacher or his students will clean their classroom togethe匚either you or i am right.©no one/ noneill who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而山how many提问的句子的否定回 答中的简略语是 none.如：how many books are there? none. who won the game? no one. the other/another两者中的另一个the other多者中的另一个another随堂练习代词练习题一填空1. t

23、his bike is my sister's. it belongs to(她的)。2. this isn't my book.(我的)is in the bag.3. they quarreled among (他们).4. you and i understand(彼此)perfectly.5. if there are (一些) new magazines in the library, take some for me二单项选择1. writer is better know in china, charles dickens or mark twain?a. whi

24、ch b. what c. either d. whether2. they were all very tired, butof them would stop to have a lest.a. any b. some c none d. neither3. kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin ofa. their b. theirs c. them d. themselves4. ishere?-no, bob and tim have asked for leave.a. anybody b. somebody c eve

25、rybody d. nobody5. we couldn't eat in a restaurant becauseof us hadmoney on us.a. all; no b. any; no c. none; any c. no one ; any三川括号里的代词的适当形式填空1. mr yang is(we) teache匚(him) is from beijing.(his)teaches(our) english2. look,there is a cat.(it) is lily's.(it) name is mimi.3. let(i) tell(she)

26、about(he) life at school.4. this is(they) room.where is(our)?5. the lady under the tree is(me) aunt.(her) often sings with(she) husband参考答案一 l-5her my them each other many二 acbcc三 1 our he his us2 it its3 me her his4 their ours5 my she her正课辨析()1 his brother is taller than him析than是连词，其后应视为省略旬，than

27、he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的川法。his brother is taller than he.()2. i like you as much as she析asas其后也应看作是省略句。应为as i like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我 像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。i like you as much as he匸()3. the days in summer are longer than this in winter.析在比较旬中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数 时用 that,复数时用 those,如：the

28、 weather in beijing is hotter than that in chang chun. the days in summer are longer than those in winter.()4. it is so a good book that everyone likes to read析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可川such+不定冠词 +形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, ill： it is such good weather that i want to go swimming. the

29、y are such good books that i want to buy them all在 many, much, few, little 这 4 个词前仅能用 so,如:she has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.ltij在 so 与 that 之间仅存形容词时，则不能用 such,如:she is so sweet that everyone likes her. 正it is such a good book that everyone likes to read it is so good a boo

30、k that everyone likes to read.()5. i want to buy a same dictionary as yours析same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的川法还冇all the same(仍然)。正l want to buy the same dictionary as yours.()6. i hope she might pass the exam. i don't hope so.析在作肯定回答时，i think so. i hope so. i believe so.但作否定回答时为:i don't think so. i

31、hope/believe not. 正 i hope she might pass the exam. i hope no匸()7. he studied very hard this term. so she did.析在对话屮如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语屮耍用缩写且要用倒装句。 如笫一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是対前句的重复，即仅仅 是笫一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如笫二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这 时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。正he studied very hard this term. so did she.误

32、english is difficult to learn. so is it.正english is difficult to learn. so it is.( )8.there are many trees on either sides of the street.析either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:you can take either.其二 是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单 数形式。止there are many trees on either side of the stree匸正there are

33、many trees on both sides of the street.()9.1 have three sisters. none of them is a doctor.析neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。()10. he doesn't like beijing opera, 1 don't like either.析either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。()11 .we each has a ticket for the concert.析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：eac

34、h of us wants to learn english well, 但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。正we each have a ticket for the concert.()12. each of us has to pass the exam.析every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，乂可作代词，在作形容词 时each侧重强调个体，而every则侧重于全体。()13. every one of us should do housework two hours a day.析everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而every one则可以这样用

35、。()14.1 should read english everyday.析要注意的是every day是“每天”,ifij everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everyday english fl 常英语,everyday life r 常生活。正i should read english every day.()15. there are trees on every sides of the street.析every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街 道只有两侧，所以只能用 each 而不能用 every.正there are trees

36、 on each side of the street. ()16.both my parents are engineers析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both则用于两者的全部。()17.all of students might make some mistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构，也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定 要有定冠词。具他与all有关的习惯川法还有：all the year round, all week, all day, all winter.正all of the students might make some mist

37、akes.止 all students might make some mistakes()18.the all village was flooded.析all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。正all the village was flooded.()19.the post office is on the other side of the street析单数口j数名词如在泛指某一个时川another,而特指时则要川the other,因街道只冇两边， 而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。()20. the old man has two sons one

38、 is a teacher, the other is a doctor.析another 丿 ij 于泛指,如：is it far from here to the station?fm sorry. i have no idea. one may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here但在特指时则要用 the othe匚它可以用作 定语，the other one,也nj以川作代词the other，但the other丿1作代词时它的含意一定是单数。 如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one*another-

39、the other.或者onea secondthe third ()21 some people like sports the others like reading.析在泛指的复数名词前川some-others-others示某些人某些人某些人o 正some people like sports. others like reading()22. please remember to water the flowers every other day.析every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。乂如：on the other hand另 一方面。()23. th

40、is room is enough large for the students to live in.析enough 可以用作代词,如:there is enough of the food.又如:enough has been done for the work,但enough还可以作形容词來修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放 在名词z后，如：money enough与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容 词时,贝u只能置于形容词之后了。正this room is large enough for the students to live in.

41、()24. someone want to meet you.析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如：anyone and everyone has the right.任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。正someone wants to meet you.选择()1 these are books. yours are over therea1 b my c me d mine析这里应用形容词性物主代词。答案b.()2 is she? she is a teache匚a what b how c who d where析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意

42、义不同。what is she?应译为“她的 工作是什么？”或“她是做什么的?”而how is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而who is she?应 译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由 答语决定了这道题的选择。答案a.()3 is wrong w让h my watch. it has stoppeda something, working b something, to workc any thing, workingd anything, to work析因为是肯定句所以应用something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop

43、后要用动名词。()4 mary, help to the bananas, please.答案a.a you b your c yourself d yourselves析help oneself to something 为"自己拿某物yourself 为"你一个人”，而 yourselves 为“你们”。答案c.()5 do you go to school every day?by bus.a how b why c when d where析这题的答案是由问句决定的。答案a.()6 my skirt ispopular than.a much, her b much

44、, hers c more, her d more, hers析因句中冇than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。答案d.()7 can you speak english? yes, but only.a few b a few c little d a little析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅 仅会讲一点。答案d.()8 mr. smith is an old friend of.a ib me c my d mine析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择myo 答案d.()9 “ do

45、 you hear from your parents? ”“ about once a month. ”a how long b how manyc how often d how much析how often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。答案c.()10 mr green wouldn't say at the meetinga everything b nothing c anything d something析在否定句中应用anything 答案c.()11“ mum, ann's coming tonigh匸 lets give her to

46、eat. ”“good idea!”a anything nice b nice anythingc something nice d nice something析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放英后而不要放在其前血。答案c.()12 when shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?i don't mind. time is ok.a some b neither c either d both析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前冇1 don-t mind

47、 则决定不能选择neither.答案c.()13 this is not her kite, buta he's b him c he d his析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。答案d.()14 don't worry, mum! news is good news. i'm sure daddy will come back soon.a no b many c those d two析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。答案a.()15 mary has six apples her brother has three. she has a

48、pples than he.a few b many c more d fewer析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。答案c.()16 there isn't in today's newspape匚a anything interestingb something interestingc nothing interestingd interesting anything析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。答案a.()17 september 10th is day?a teacher b teachersc teac

49、hefsd teachers1析教师节 teachers* day,儿童节 children's day,妇女节 women's day()18 in england, people eat a lot of u takeawayn food. what about people in yourcountry?a so we do. b we do so. c so do we. d we so do.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句, 但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。答案c.()19 shall we go into that

50、shop and have a look? sorry. 1 won't. i haveto do therea everything b anything c something d nothing析这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。答案d.)20 oh, dear! who broke the glass? sam bruce. it was the cat.a both, and b not, but c neither, nor d either, or析neither-nor意为既不也不答案c.()21 the students are having a good

51、time in the park some are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.a others b other c another d the other析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。答案a.()22 she is not a nurse i'm not.a also b either c neither d too析在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.答案b.()23 i have two pencils one is red, is bluea the other b another

52、c others d the others析两者中的另一个应为特指。而r应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而the others是特指复数代名词。答案a.()24 sorry, i can't answer your question.i know about the subject.a little b a littlec few d a few析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用littleo其含意为否定句。答案a.()25 my sister doesrft like skatinga so do 1b so i don'tc neither i dorft d neither do i析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合.于第二个人。所以耍川neither,并要采川倒装句。答案d.()26 yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,a you, he and ib i, you and hec he, i and youd you, i and he析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。答案a.()27 all the students are busy, soof