研究生英语1-10单元翻译

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx研究生英语1-10单元翻译【精品文档】Lesson 1 1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric,Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and under

2、stood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了坎伯兰语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语 在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人

3、都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语：爱 尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly “white” English-speaking world, have (b

4、y design or default) encouraged or at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主

5、义式的传播。这种传播 始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.总的来说，

6、我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的 文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4.Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powe

7、rful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5.English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at firs

8、t weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6.Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处同时尽可能避免

9、招来灾难。Lesson 2 1.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。 2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again less sure about everything. It freed me

10、 to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。 3.It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith.良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头砸向你的脑袋，但不要失去你的信念。

11、 4.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. “记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。如果你已经什么都没有了，就没有理由不去跟随自己内心的声音。 5.Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someon

12、e elses life. Dont be trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other peoples thinking. Dont led the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice.你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要掉进教条的陷阱，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心之声。Lesson 3 1.Right then I learned another lesson. To avoi

13、d that kind of depression meant, inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern.就在当时我又得出了一条经验，这就是要想避免这种郁闷，就不可避免地经受某种害怕和担心。 2.Any time, it seems, that we set out aggressively to get something we want, we want, we meet up with anxiety. And its going to be our traveling companion, a

14、t least part of the way, into any new venture.看来任何时候只要我们开始积极地想要得到我们想要的东西，我们都会担心。甚至担心将伴随我们人生旅程的一部分来进行新的冒险。 3.I had benefited, I discovered, from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough, he will eventually learn that there isnt

15、 anything to be worried about.我发现我得益于心理学家称之为“消失”的过程。如果你把一个人放在一种使人担忧的环境中，长此以往，他就会形成一种习惯，最终觉得没有什么值得担忧的了。 4.And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will nange.自那以后到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不会犹豫。没有导游，甚至没有预定旅馆

16、我也不怕，因为我很自信，我能安排好这一切。 5.But I dont let the butterflies stop me from doing what I want. Accept anxiety as another name for challenge and you can accomplish wonders.但是我不想让担忧来阻止我去做我想做的事情，接受害怕就意味着接受挑战，这样你才能创造奇迹。Lesson 4 1.However, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are performin

17、g properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question” Why should we lire you?” 然而，正如如果一个警察正确执法，超速就要吃罚单一样，面试一份吸引人的、进入某一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问

18、题：“我们为什么要雇用你？” 2.For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and rewards for new employees.对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变的险恶和残酷，而直接的前景就是工作少，时间短，给新员工作的工资也减少。 3.Other students may find their ac

19、ademic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.其他学生可能认为学业课程很难，要求很高，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要求了。 4.If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of the job markets demands will help you to make more informed decisions.如果你的学

20、习计划包括许多不同的学科的课程，那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你在获得更多的信息的基础上做出抉择。 5.You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers.只要你让老师知道你的想法，你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。Lesson 5 1.The technological advances of the 1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social

21、and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier, creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information, commerce, and communication at its fingertips.二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪与两百年以前的工业革命相媲美的社会与经济方面的革命，它创造了一个崭新的社会，在这

22、个社会里人们由技术相互连接，到处都是数字化的信息、商业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。 2.New advances in science and technology seeded to promise eventual solutions to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping-genetic engineers developed microbes that would eat industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Instit

23、ute of Technologys (MIT)Media Lab work to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order more.科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题的最终解决方案遗传科技人员培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的电冰箱。 3.The cloning of an animal in 1997 suggested that human

24、cloning had become viable as well, raising concerns-no longer quite theoretical-that humanity might be moving toward a” brave new world” of genetically engineered people.1997 年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“大胆的新世界”方向发展，（这已不再是单纯的理论问题了）。 4.While most Americans agreed that children should

25、not be exposed to such materials attempts to regulate the most content of individual Web page and newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open, decentralized mass medium, where even the most absurd or pepellant ideas could receive a hearing.尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，但试图规范个人网页和新闻组内容的努力还是

26、同互联网应是公开、非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突，在这种媒体中，即 使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也可以发表。 5.Still, some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth, almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there so many new and interesting proj

27、ects going on right here.但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的新发现是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，太空研究不再那么必要了。Lesson 6 1.Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. “Anything can be enj

28、oyable if the elements of flow are present,” he writes in his book Good Business. “Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.”米哈里·奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受”(flow) 这个说法 , 信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在称心如意的工作 一书中他写道

29、:“只要存在强感受因素 , 任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点 ,从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。” 2.But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度

30、产生多大影啊 , 这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。 3.Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-wor

31、kers and unappreciated by her boss. “I am a misfit in that department ,” she says. “No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.”41岁的马丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理，虽然工作压力大，但她和同事相处都很好，6年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了，自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事

32、太压抑，也得不到老板的赏识。她说:“我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意，如果工作单位氛围不好,个人生活就会大受影响。” 4.In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Hater estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and thos

33、e who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.事实上，对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然，不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为，对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异 , 员工的个性只起 30% 的作用 , 其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。 5.Until recently, businesspeople wou

34、ld dismiss employee well-being as “outside their domain and kind of fringe-in”, says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno. Early hints of the importance of the worker happiness were slow to be accepted.内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯·赖特说 , 直到不久前, 企业家们还不愿考

35、虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题 , 认为这“不属于他们关心的范围 , 和他们的职责范围相去甚远”。 6.But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来 , 用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受 , 能更有效地预测生产率。 7.But at the very least, busi

36、nesses could do better just by paying attention on what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in

37、front of just one grateful student.但通过关心员工的需求 , 至少企业可能发展得更好。那样 , 我们更多的人就会在工作 中找到一定程度的满足感。而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。这种情况可能发 生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前 , 也可能发生在教室里 , 在仅仅一个充满感激的学生面前。Lesson 7 1.Big surprise, I thought, tossing the balled-up clipping over my shoulder. Thats up there with “money eases stress”, “liars make

38、 good writers” and “philanderers make even better liars”.我想这个结论太让人吃惊了，然后就把报告团成一团扔在脑后了。以前还有人说 “金钱可以缓解紧张情绪”，“说谎的人能成为好作家”以及“爱情不专一的男人更会说谎。” 2.Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over half as long as the woman who bore her.可是这一天来得太快了，去年她就不幸的实现了自己的愿望。她去世时的岁数只有外婆的一半多一点儿。 3.His main

39、 character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depression that acts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciously repelling everyone away from her fragile core. Enid complains and sulks, manipulates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction.他小说中的女主人公艾尼德 · 兰勃特所患的抑郁症形成了一个看不见的

40、气场，在潜意识中，其他人都不能触动她那脆弱的核心。艾米德抱怨、生气、利用别人，并以甜言蜜语来哄骗别人，为的就是缓解自己的不满。 4.She remain intact because her depression protects her from ever truly suffering, the way those around her must. What doesnt kill you, it seems, moves on to more stubborn quarry.她能完好无损地活下来，就是因为她的抑郁症保护了她不至经受真正的痛苦，而这种痛苦则是她周围的人所必须承受的。看来，经

41、常的顽固的打击是不会打垮你的。 5.So, hit the snooze, the bottle or the skids, Resume bitching, chin down,carry the hatchet, under rug nothing. Life is hard and then you.sign. Heavily.所以你可以放心大睡，或借酒消愁 , 也可以放慢生活的脚步。你可以恢复抱怨，可以心情不快，也可以拿起你的武器来反击，不用躲躲藏藏。生活是艰难的，那么你就可以叹息，重重地叹息。Lesson 8 1.Every war has had its songs that wh

42、ipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2.The ideal is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the lik

43、ing, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3.As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and pe

44、rformers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。 这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4.Does it mean a station should permit no language or id

45、eas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?这是否意味着在

46、广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5.One author has suggested that popular music also serves a “rite of passage” function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys m

47、aturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girls relationships can be established.一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为象女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。Lesson 9 1.Welcome to the topsy-turvy world of tobacco, where nothing much makes sense except the vast pr

48、ofits, where tobacco-company executives slip-slide along the continuum from aggrieved innocence to heartfelt regret without breaking a sweat, and where the only people who seem to be able to shoot straight are the jurors who decide the ubiquitous lawsuits.欢迎来到乌七八糟的烟草世界。在这里，除了巨大的利益，没有什么具有重要意义；在这里，烟草公

49、司的负责人不费吹灰之力就能穿梭于不同角色之间，从表现愤愤不平的无辜转而变为诚心诚意的悔过；在这里，似乎唯一能够言行正直（shoot straight: 言行正直） 的人就是那些判定随处可见的烟草诉讼案的陪审员们。 2.The jurorswho gave up two years of their lives, listened to endless witness and yet deliberated only a few hourscould be forgiven if they felt theyd fallen down Alices rabbit hole into Wonder

50、land, where the Queen of Hearts cries “Off with their heads” but no one is ever executed. 这些陪审员放弃了生命中的两年时光，聆听了无数证人证言，却仅用了几个小时就 商议定案。如果他们感觉象是爱丽丝跌下了兔子洞进入仙境，听着红心王后高喊“砍掉他 们的脑袋”，却从未有一个人被砍头，这种感觉是可以谅解的。 3.Since then tobacco companies have spread political contributions around like weedkiller on the lawn in

51、 summer, supporting largely complicit Republicans, who like free enterprise (and soft money) more than they hate emphysema. 从此以后，烟草公司就象夏天在草坪上播洒除草剂一般四处提供政治捐款，主要支持和自己立场相似的共和党人，因为共和党人虽然痛恨肺气肿，但却更喜爱自由企业（以及软资金）。 4.Responsibility-minded Americans accept the argument that individuals have the right to poison themselves, although studies showing that the vast majority of smokers began as minors raise questions about informed consent.责任意识强的美国人接受任何人都有权毒害自己的观点，但是研究显示绝大多数吸 烟者开始吸烟时仍未成年，这就对知情吸烟提出了疑问。 5.Public-service announcements