BLE设备自动在设备端连接后APP如何与设备连接

1、BLE设备自动在设备端连接后APP如何与设备连接原文地址: peripherialhttp:/cms.35g.tw/coding/%E8%97%8D%E7%89%99-ble-corebluetooth-%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2/ 依照箭頭方向由上而下為順序依序完成Discover、Connect流程。CBCentralManager使用CoreBluetooth Framework中，主要管理連線的是CBCentralManager這個Object，它掌控整個BLE狀態的管理，使用時要先對CBCentralManager初始化：/-start-CBCentralManager *

2、CM = CBCentralManager alloc initWithDelegate:self queue:nil;/-end-現在就開始往下介紹。centralManagerDidUpdateState在一開始宣告初CBCentralManager時就有指定Delegate為self，並且必需要在.h內加上Delegate宣告：/-start-interface TestCoreBluetooth : NSObject<CBCentralManagerDelegate> :/-end-宣告完成後，再加入centralManagerDidUpdateState這個Delegat

3、e內容，/-start-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager*)cManager NSMutableString* nsmstring=NSMutableString stringWithString:"UpdateState:" BOOL isWork=FALSE; switch (cManager.state) case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown: nsmstring appendString:"Unknownn" break; case CBCent

4、ralManagerStateUnsupported: nsmstring appendString:"Unsupportedn" break; case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized: nsmstring appendString:"Unauthorizedn" break; case CBCentralManagerStateResetting: nsmstring appendString:"Resettingn" break; case CBCentralManagerStatePower

5、edOff: nsmstring appendString:"PoweredOffn" if (connectedPeripheral!=NULL) CM cancelPeripheralConnection:connectedPeripheral; break; case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn: nsmstring appendString:"PoweredOnn" isWork=TRUE; break; default: nsmstring appendString:"nonen" brea

6、k; NSLog("%",nsmstring); delegate didUpdateState:isWork message:nsmstring getStatus:cManager.state;/-end-centralManagerDidUpdateState的Delegate是用來得知藍牙目前的狀態，所以會有個結果是用來判斷iDevice是否支援BLE，因為BLE是在iphone 4s、New iPad之後才有的，現階段還是需要偵測使用的環境，當然可以根據這些狀態的口報來決定APP的功能或其他提示使用者的動作。scanForPeripheralsWithServic

7、es先前確定周邊支援BLE且運作正常後，我們就要來開啟BLE搜尋功能來尋找BLE的週邊，當週邊接收到搜尋功能的廣播訊息時，依照BLE通訊規範，週邊會在一定時間內回覆，所以我們在此可以設定2秒的Timer計時器，當時間一到就停止scan的功能。/-start-CBCentralManager *CM = CBCentralManager alloc initWithDelegate:self queue:nil;CM scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:options;NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:

8、2.0f target:self selector:selector(scanTimeout:) userInfo:nil repeats:NO;/-end-設定2秒後觸發執行scanTimeoutmethod，再將scanForPeripheralsWithServices的值設為nil，代表搜尋的Service type不受限制，當你搜尋特定時，就必需要將它的UUID填入，像範例這樣：/-start- NSArray *uuidArray= NSArray arrayWithObjects:CBUUID UUIDWithString:"180D", nil; CM sc

9、anForPeripheralsWithServices:uuidArray options:options;/-end-其中UUIDWithString:"180D"的180D就是Heart Rate Service type，一旦指定Service type，結果就只會將週邊有Heart Rate類型一一列出來，要了解更多的Service Type可以到Bluetooth官網查詢。 當您了解Service type是哪一種類型時就可以來做對應的流程及資料的解析，也可以製作出符合一般標準週邊的通用APP。didDiscoverPeripheraldidDiscoverPe

10、ripheral屬於Delegate功能，所以要按照它預設的宣告將要處理的過程寫在裡面，格式如下：/-start-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI/處理過程/-end-advertisementData會報告可以連線的週邊內容， 如果將它印出來會像這樣：/-start-adveriseme

11、nt: kCBAdvDataLocalName = "INFOS 4090v35.05" kCBAdvDataServiceUUIDs = ( "Unknown (<fff0>)" ); kCBAdvDataTxPowerLevel = 0;/-end-RSSI是訊號的強度，是以NSNumber Object存在，取得後可以依照NSNumber的方式整數值做處理與轉換，接下來我們將一些資訊列印出來，整個範例可以是這樣子：/-start-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDi

12、scoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI NSMutableString* nsmstring=NSMutableString stringWithString:"n" nsmstring appendString:"Peripheral Info:" nsmstring appendFormat:"NAME: %n",peripheral.n

13、ame; nsmstring appendFormat:"RSSI: %n",RSSI; if (peripheral.isConnected) nsmstring appendString:"isConnected: connected" else nsmstring appendString:"isConnected: disconnected" NSLog("adverisement:%",advertisementData); nsmstring appendFormat:"adverisemen

14、t:%",advertisementData; nsmstring appendString:"didDiscoverPeripheraln" NSLog("%",nsmstring);/-end-結果輸出：/-start-2013-02-25 14:43:17.243 gw-health-01141:907 Peripheral Info:NAME: INFOS 4090v35.05RSSI: -69isConnected: disconnectedadverisement: kCBAdvDataServiceUUIDs = ( "

15、Unknown (<fff0>)" );/-end-如果有發現可連線的BLE週邊，它就會不斷的執行didDiscoverPeripheral，並將資訊傳入，利用這個方式將每次得到的結果存入Array，就可以得到搜尋周邊的結果然後再提供給USER選擇，或是從中可以去判斷某個特別的週邊是否存在而決定要不要連線。stopScan執行scanForPeripheralsWithServices 掃描周邊設定2秒的Timer，當時間到時就停止scan，一般2秒內無反應就可以當作是沒有其他週邊回應，承上面scanForPeripheralsWithServices中有設定T

16、imer去呼叫scanTimeout，所以將stopScan寫在scanTimeout裡面：/-start- (void) scanTimeout:(NSTimer*)timer if (CM!=NULL) CM stopScan; else NSLog("CM is Null!"); NSLog("scanTimeout");/-end-connectPeripheraldidDiscoverPeripheral得到的BLE週邊列表讓User選擇要連線的BLE，再將 CBPeripheral傳入connectPeripheral進行連線，格式：/-st

17、art- CBCentralManager connectPeripheral:CBPeripheral* options:NSDictionary*/-end-在此將它包裝成一個connect Method，/-start- (void) connect:(CBPeripheral*)peripheral if (!peripheral isConnected) CM connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil; connectedPeripheral=peripheral; /-end-option傳入nil，connectPeriphera

18、l傳入Method connect的值。didConnectPeripheral執行connectPeripheral之後並連線成功後就會引發didConnectPeripheral的Delegate：/-start-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral:/-end-在這裡有個重點，連線成功後引發Delegate時，就必需要針對其CBPeripheral馬上進行discoverServices的動作，去了解週邊提供什麼樣的Services執

19、行discoverServices之後又會引發另一個didDiscoverServicesDelegate，不過這會在Explore中介紹。ExploreDiscover/Connect 中使用CBCentralManager進行連線/搜尋BLE周邊的功能，連線之後需要靠的是CBPeripheral來傳送/接收資料。CBPeripheral/-start-interface DYCoreBluetooth : NSObject<CBCentralManagerDelegate, CBPeripheralDelegate> :/-end-之後連線的重點全都是在Delegate的互動，

20、查看Service Type或是有什麼樣的Services可以提供。didConnectPeripheral前面有稍為介紹didConnectPeripheral，這是在連線成功後就會引發的Delegate，但一定要在這裡執行一些Method才可以順利的引發另一個CBPeripheral的Delegate去查看有什麼樣的Services/-start-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NSLog("Connect To Per

21、ipheral with name: %nwith UUID:%n",,CFUUIDCreateString(NULL, peripheral.UUID); peripheral.delegate=self; peripheral discoverServices:nil;/一定要執行"discoverService"功能去尋找可用的Service/-end-例子中已經將peripheral.delegate=self，接下來進行peripheral的任何動做引發的Delegate都在這個Object中，執行discoverServi

22、cesMethod，讓它去尋找Services，一找到Services就又會引發didDiscoverServicesDelegate，這樣我們就可以了解有什麼Services。didDiscoverServices從這裡開始就是最關鍵/-start- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error NSLog("didDiscoverServices:n"); if( peripheral.UUID = NULL ) return; / zach ios6 a

23、dded if (!error) NSLog("=%n",); NSLog("= %d of service for UUID % =n",peripheral.services.count,CFUUIDCreateString(NULL,peripheral.UUID); for (CBService *p in peripheral.services) NSLog("Service found with UUID: %n", p.UUID); peripheral discoverCharacteri

24、stics:nil forService:p; else NSLog("Service discovery was unsuccessfull !n"); /-end-peripheral.services.count會知道有多少個Services，在每個Servces中還會有Characteristics需要了解，所以會針對每個Service來執行 peripheral discoverCharacteristics: forService:去知道每個Service下有多少個Characteristics提供傳送/接收的溝通，在執行discoverCharact

25、eristics後也引發didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService Delegate，最後再由didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService真正的判斷什麼樣的Service、什麼樣的Characteristic再進行之後收到的資料的處理動作，例如： 發現2A37的Characteristic，就要進行註冊通知，到時候BLE週邊發訊息過來才會立即的得到通知並得到資料。didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService整個最關鍵的地方就是這個Delegate，程式架構如下：/-start-(void)perip

26、heral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error:/-end-Interact完成didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService之後，整個連線過程算是完成，之後的didUpdateValueForCharacteristicDelegate是整個資料接收動作都在這發生，經過接收到的資料進行即時處理就可以取得BLE週邊的訊息，如果必需要將資料傳至BLE週邊時，再使用writeValue的Meth

27、od將資料出，以上為BLE連線最基本使用方式就大致上完成。didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService由Apple提供的資料擷取某部分來了解架構，等下程式就是利用這架構去尋訪所有的CharacteristicsForService每個Servic下都會有很多的Characteristics，Characteristics是提供資料傳遞的重點，它會有個UUID編號，再由這個編號去Bluetooth 官方查表得到是哪種資料格式，知道格式後就能去將資料解開並加以使用。真正的例子：/-start-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)periph

28、eral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error CBService *s = peripheral.services objectAtIndex:(peripheral.services.count - 1); NSLog("= Service UUID %s =n",self CBUUIDToString:service.UUID); if (!error) NSLog("= %d Characteristics of service &q

29、uot;,service.characteristics.count); for(CBCharacteristic *c in service.characteristics) NSLog(" %s n", self CBUUIDToString:c.UUID); / CBService *s = peripheral.services objectAtIndex:(peripheral.services.count - 1); if(service.UUID = NULL | s.UUID = NULL) return; / zach ios6 added /Regist

30、er notification if (service.UUID isEqual:CBUUID UUIDWithString:"180D") if (c.UUID isEqual:CBUUID UUIDWithString:"2A37") self notification:service.UUID characteristicUUID:c.UUID peripheral:peripheral on:YES; NSLog("registered notification 2A37"); if (c.UUID isEqual:CBUUI

31、D UUIDWithString:"2A38") self notification:service.UUID characteristicUUID:c.UUID peripheral:peripheral on:YES; NSLog("registered notification 2A38"); if (c.UUID isEqual:CBUUID UUIDWithString:"2A39") self notification:service.UUID characteristicUUID:c.UUID peripheral:pe

32、ripheral on:YES; NSLog("registered notification 2A39"); NSLog("= Finished set notification =n"); else NSLog("Characteristic discorvery unsuccessfull !n"); if(self compareCBUUID:service.UUID UUID2:s.UUID) /利用此來確定整個流程都結束後才能設定通知 delegate didConnected:peripheral error:error

33、; NSLog("= Finished discovering characteristics =n"); /全部服務都讀取完畢時才能使用！ /-end-上面 例子是以Heart Rate(180D)為主，Heart Rate的規格來說，0x2A37可以得到心跳的數據，所以針對此項進行註冊通知，一旦有新的數據就會傳入新的數據資料並呼叫didUpdateValueForCharacteristicDelegate，來得到每次的心跳數據更新。/-start- (CBPeripheral *)p setNotifyValue:(BOOL) forCharacteristic:CB

34、Characteristic *)/-end-將Characteristic的Point傳入並設定setNotifyValue:on就完成註冊通知，之後如果有更新資料時就會引發didUpdateValueForCharacteristic Delegate，再進行資料處理。notification在設定註冊通知過程有點繁雜，所以我自行撰寫一個Method為notification，它可以從Service UUID及Characteristic UUID來找到Service與Characteristic的Object Point：。/-start-(void) notification:(CBU

35、UID *) serviceUUID characteristicUUID:(CBUUID *)characteristicUUID peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)p on:(BOOL)on CBService *service = self getServiceFromUUID:serviceUUID p:p; if (!service) if (p.UUID = NULL) return; / zach ios6 addedche NSLog("Could not find service with UUID on peripheral with UUID

36、 n"); return; CBCharacteristic *characteristic = self getCharacteristicFromUUID:characteristicUUID service:service; if (!characteristic) if (p.UUID = NULL) return; / zach ios6 added NSLog("Could not find characteristic with UUID on service with UUID on peripheral with UUIDn"); return;

37、 p setNotifyValue:on forCharacteristic:characteristic;-(CBService *) getServiceFromUUID:(CBUUID *)UUID p:(CBPeripheral *)p for (CBService* s in p.services) if (self compareCBUUID:s.UUID UUID2:UUID) return s; return nil; /Service not found on this peripheral-(CBCharacteristic *) getCharacteristicFromUUID:(CBUUID *)UUID service:(CBService*)service for (CBCharacteristic* c in service.characteristics) if (self compareCBUUID:c.UUID UUID2:UUID) return c; return nil; /Characteristic not found on this service/