2022年2021高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破

1、1 阅读理解词义猜测2018 高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破step1 猜测词义常见设问方式1.which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “?2.what does the author probably mean by “ ? 3.the word “ in the contest means _. 4.the term can be best replaced by _. 5.the word “ probably refers to _. 6.as used in the line the word “ refers to

2、 _. 7.according to the passage, the word “ is known as_. 8.the passage use the word “ to refer to _ 9.according to the author, the underlined word “ means_. 10. from the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “ means _. 在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会

3、对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。step2. 方法探究1. charlotte s tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “ we ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to tenerife,”she explains. “ that was before the euro, so we put pesetas in.”the underlined word “ pesetas” in p

4、aragraph 2 is a kind of _. a. story b. collection c. inspiration d. foreign coin 2. today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, houng s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. without these, none of us could survive. houng turned down donations from ot

5、hers. he said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. the underlined word “ donation ” in para.3 probably means _. a. invitation to give a speech b. something, especially given to help others c. questions asked by interviewers d. chances to be a hero 【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答

6、案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 3. the elder learn to master the internet and to overcome what lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory. 4. some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资 ),while others carried only p

7、assengers. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -2 阅读理解词义猜测5. scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌 )so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that i

8、s, substances that kill germs. 6. marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries. 7. yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always takes away things from the shop

9、without paying for them. 【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 8. tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. from the passage, we can infer that the word “ autocratic means _ a. friendly to others b. modest and kindly c. stick

10、ing to one s own opinion d. hard-working 9. answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in new orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. empty talk.

11、4. adj.of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records. what does the word “ jazz” mean in the following sentence? don t give me that jazz, for i am a practical person. a. rhythmic beats. b. a type of music. c. a kind of dance. d. meaningless talk. 【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 10. “ unlike v

12、itamin c, leadership skills can t be easily swallowed down. they must be carefully cultivated. ”the underlined word “ cultivated ” (paragraph 1) roughly means _. a. encouraged b. compared c. examined d. developed 11. written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. acco

13、rding to the author, the underlined word static means _. a. unchangeable b. inactive c. respective d. widespread 12. unlike the unite states where many different nationalities make up the population, japan s population is quite homogeneous. 【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 13. millions of a

14、nimals die each year on us roads, the federal highway administration reports. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -3 阅读理解词义猜测in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in th

15、e us today. the main reason? roadkill. 14. mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved. 【思考归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 15. you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign language teaching in school, of english learning. 16. many united

16、 nations employees are polyglots: mr. simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently. 【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 17. exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. 18. although simplified ch

17、inese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like chinese characters in the complex form. 【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 19. 下题中划线的词可换为：new york, 10 november, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. biggest power failure in the city s history. a. enough b. not p

18、assing c. lack of d. lack 【思考归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 20. rainforests like the amazon are important for mopping up co2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. the underlined phrase “ mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _. a. cleaning up b. taking in c. wiping out

19、 d. giving up 21. she walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. she pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. mum nodded and said, “ very dirty floor. ”【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 22. the most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors b

20、attled nature with the basic tools they had. 23. the aging of the population will affect american society in many ways-education, medicine, and business. the underlined work “ aging” means _. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - -

21、 - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -4 阅读理解词义猜测a. counting the number of years someone lives b. the numbers of years someone lives c. becoming older d. making someone looking older 【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。_ 检测反馈运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！ai have been consistently opposed to feedi

22、ng a baby regularly. as a doctor, mother and scientist in child development i believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby s point of view. mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby s blood sugar level lies. all we know is that a low level is harmful to brain developm

23、ent and makes a baby easily annoyed. in this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. the baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. it is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. the

24、first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was dr. frederic truby king who was against feeding in the night. i ve never heard anything so ridiculo us. baby feeding shouldn t follow a timetable set by the mum. what is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may c

25、ause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. the research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed ac

26、cording to the clock. by the age of 8, their iq （智商） scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. this research comes from oxford and essex university using a sample（样本） of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a

27、child s sex and age, the mother s health and feeling style. these results don t surprise me. feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. i hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby fee

28、ling practices. 小题 1:what does the author think about dr king? ahe is strict bhe is unkind che has the wrong idea. dhe sets a timetable for mothers 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -5 阅读理解

29、词义猜测小题 2:the word copper-bottomed in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _ abasic breliable csurprising d interesting 小题 3:what does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand? athe baby will sleep well. bthe baby will have its brain harmed. cthe baby will have a low blood sugar level. dth

30、e baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8. 小题 4:the author supports feeling the baby_. ain the night bevery four hours cwhenever it wants food daccording to its blood sugar level b for high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practi

31、ce how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习 ). in some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. in the unites states， however， such programs are still few and far between. research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses ，student

32、s are likely to get higher earnings in later years. the students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education. in germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. german companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education the

33、y need for future employment. but in america, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. harvard education school professor robertschwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly

34、 on the four-year college track. schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country s most vulnerable(易受影响的 )kids with no jobs and no skills. schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001

35、. james madison high school in new york ，for example， encourages students to choose classes on careerbased courses. the school then helps them gain onthe-job experience in those fields while they re still at high school. however, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work ，the

36、job market is daunting. in the us ，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -6 阅读理解词义猜测for the third summer in a row. “ the risk is t

37、hat if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience ，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job ， ” said michael ， a researcher in the us.小题 1:according to robert schwartz ，_. athere is no need for kids to go for higher education in the us bstudents should get c

38、ontact with the working world at high school ceducation reform should focus on students performance in exams dteenagers in the us cant miss out on the summer job experience 小题 2:whats the main idea of the text? aarguments about recent us education reform. btips on finding jobs for high school leaver

39、s. cthe lack of career-based courses in us high schools. dadvice for american high school leavers. 小 题3:the underlined word “ daunting ”in paragraph 5 most probably means_. adiscouraging binteresting ccreative dunbearable 解题指导在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会

40、对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。猜测词义第一招利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。第二招利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等，有时也以同位

41、语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。第三招 根据逻辑关系进行判断。英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等。因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等连词体现。第四招利用对比线索有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见unlike; although; but; 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

42、 - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -7 阅读理解词义猜测yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than 等信息词。第五招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。同等关系

43、是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。第六招利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance 等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。第七招根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。教学大纲已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。第八招注意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标

44、注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。第九招根据常识或经验猜测词义在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。第十招根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义题目参考答案1.d 2.b 3.老年综合症4 goods 5.抗生素6 海洋生物学7 商店里偷窃的人8 c 9d 10d 11a 12 单一的

45、13虎猫an endangered wild cat 14 教堂 other public halls can 15 期刊16 会多国语言的人17 抗毒18 简化的19d 20b 21 拖把22 作斗争23c 第一篇小题 1:c 小题 2:b 小题 3:d 小题 4:c 试题分析：本文典型的议论文，论点是反对定期喂养婴儿。论据：一是我们不知道婴儿的血糖的情况。二是文中例举了定期喂养的害处。三是实验表明，按需喂养比定期喂养的孩子更聪明。结论:希望结束定期喂养的习惯。小题 1:细节理解题。根据ive never heard anything so ridiculous. wrong idea和 ridiculous精品学习资料