高中英语必修四unit1 grammar-文档资料

1、.1.2Subject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致 主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致的三个原则: 1. 语法一致 2. 意义一致 3. 就近原则谓语动词谓语动词主语主语人称人称数数.3The boy _ diving.The boys _ diving.isare语法一致语法一致主语为主语为单数或复数单数或复数时，其时，其谓语动词要谓语动词要与其相呼应与其相呼应。.41. and1. 两个主语表达不同人、物、概念两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Time and tide wait for no man. (岁月不饶人)The writer and

2、 the translator are delivering a speech tonight in our school.2. 两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g. The writer and translator is delivering a speech tonight in our school.One more fork and knife is on the table.（一副刀叉）War and peace is often peoples topic.（战争与和平）.51. and3. 并列名词前有并列名词前有noand (no)

3、; everyand (every); each and (each)修饰时，谓语一修饰时，谓语一般用单数般用单数e.g. Every man and (every) woman _ (have) the same rights.has.6语法一致语法一致 2 主语主语+with (together with/ along with), as well as, like, not, but, except, including, rather than, other than, besides, in addition to 结构中，谓语与前结构中，谓语与前面主语一致面主语一致e.g. I,

4、as well as they, _ (be) ready to help you.The students along with the teacher _ (be) required the meeting.Nobody but Jim and Tom _ (be) on the playground at that time.amarewas.7every one, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, some one, somebody, something (none,n

5、either除外除外)等不定代词及等不定代词及each, the other作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数形式。如：形式。如：Nothing in the box is mine.Someone wants to see you.语法一致语法一致 3.8none 和和 neither 作主语时，谓语可用作主语时，谓语可用单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数数名词只用单数e.g. None of us is/ are perfect.(人无完人)None of the information has been received.语法

6、一致语法一致 3.9more than one; many a修饰名词，复数修饰名词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数含义，但是谓语用单数e.g. Many a student _ (be) in the classroom.More than one mother _ (receive) the flowers.is语法一致语法一致 4receives.10不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数句作主语时，谓语用单数 e.g. To read English aloud every morning _ (do) you a lot of good.

7、Serving the people _ (be) my great happiness. When and where we will have a picnic _ _ (be not) decided yet.语法一致语法一致 5doesishas not been.11*当当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化的结构时，谓语随名词变化。e.g. What you need are these dictionaries.语法一致语法一致 5.12由由kind（form，type，sort，species，portion

8、，series）of 等修饰的主语，谓语由等修饰的主语，谓语由这些词决定这些词决定e.g. This kind of apples _ (sell) well.A series of plays _ (be) to be on show next week.语法一致语法一致 6sellsis.13a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g. A large quantity of oil was put into the

9、soup.A large quantity of apples was in the basket.Large quantities of oil were put into the soup. Large quantities of apples were in the basket.语法一致语法一致 7.14trousers, pants(裤子裤子), shoes, glasses, gloves, stockings, scissors(剪刀剪刀)等词作主等词作主语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有 a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数等量词

10、修饰时，谓语动词用复数e.g. My glasses are broken.The scissors are sharp.The pair of shoes under the bed is mine.语法一致语法一致 8.15谓语动词的单复数谓语动词的单复数取决于取决于主语所表达的概念主语所表达的概念，而不，而不取决于表面的语法标志取决于表面的语法标志意义一致意义一致.16集合名词集合名词(family,team group,crowd public,government,band, company.)若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数若强调个体

11、，谓语动词则用复数e.g. The group is (be) made up of nine students.The group are (be ) dancing happily. 意义一致意义一致 1.17 单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish, series系列系列, species物种物种, means手段手段, works工厂工厂, aircraft飞行器飞行器做主语做主语时，视时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。 e.g.A new means has been used .Many means have

12、not come into effect.意义一致意义一致 2.18physics, politics, mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指结尾的词，指学科学科时属单数，谓语时属单数，谓语动词用动词用单数单数。Physics is not difficult to learn.Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school. 注：若指注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用时被看作复数，谓语常用复数复数。 What are your poli

13、tics? 政治信仰/见解意义一致意义一致 3.19意义一致意义一致 4主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词不定代词some, all, more, most, any, none等以及名词等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。而定。 Eg:Which is more valuable, health or wealth?Which are prettier, these or those?We had some paper

14、, and the rest was put back.20意义一致意义一致 4.21意义一致意义一致 5the number of（.的数量）的数量）, the variety of(种类种类)用单数谓语，用单数谓语， a number of（许多，大量）（许多，大量）, a variety of（各种各（各种各样的样的.)用复数谓语用复数谓语1. The number of traffic accidents _ (have) increased.2. A number of children _ (like) this song.3. There are a variety of toy

15、s on sale in that shop.4. The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.haslike.22意义一致意义一致 6.23意义一致意义一致 6表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作主语时，被主语时，被看作整体看作整体时谓语用时谓语用单数单数Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is enough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance.Fifty kilograms is n

16、ot too long to be carried.*如如强调具体数目强调具体数目，则用，则用复数复数。One hundred cents make a dollar.More than fifty years have passed since they got married.24The new is sure to replace the old. “the + 形容词形容词/分词分词” 表示一类人，谓语用表示一类人，谓语用复数复数, eg. the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the disabled, the sick The sick

17、 have been cured and the lost have been found. 但如果指但如果指事物或抽象概念事物或抽象概念时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.意义一致意义一致 7.25 Neither the students nor the teacher _ (know) what happened. There _ (be) an apple, two bananas, five oranges in the basket.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词单复数取决于离它指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最最近的词语近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词，而无须考虑其他的词knowsis.26就

18、近原则就近原则 1.27就近原则 2.281. You or he _ to blame. 你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。2. _ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？受责备的是你还是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is答案：C，就近一致.29 We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此题应选此题应选 。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致

19、），本题意为：我们中国人是与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的一个勤劳的民族民族。.30The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2. A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain. Awas Bwere Chas Dhave3. E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B.

20、have played C. are playing D. playwasAAExercise and Rules.31Exercise and Rules3. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are)4. Whether he comes or not _ of no matter. (is /are)5. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are)6. Listening, speaking, reading and writ

21、ing _four skills for English study. (is/are)7. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. . (is/are) isisisisareare.32Exercise and Rules8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment. A. have B. are C. has D. is 9.Every means _ been tried since then. A. has B. were C. was D. has been10.Each actor and (each) actress_ invited to our school. (is /are) 11.Every boy and (every) girl _ got a toy train. (has/have) 12.No teacher an