施心远主编《听力教程》4-Unit(00001)

1、施心远主编听力教程4-（第2版）Un it-3答案A Liste ning Course 4施心远主编听力教程4 （第2版）答案Unit 2Secti on One: Tactics for Liste ningPart 1: Listening and Translation1. Girls score higher tha n boys in almost every coun try.issue几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。2. Differe nces betwee n males and females are a con ti nuing of fierce debat

2、e.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。3. Cultural and econo mic in flue nces play an importa nt part.文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。4. But rece nt findings suggest that the an swer may lie in differe nces betwee n the male and female brai n.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。5. These in clude differe nces in lear ning rates.这些包括学习速度上的差异。Secti on T

3、wo Liste ning Comprehe nsionPart 1 DialogueExercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks withthe miss ing in formati on.Seren adi ng Service was foun ded three years ago whe n the sin ger realize that British people were desperate for roma nee.He thought there would be a elie ntele for a h

4、ired serenader.The idea came from his studies of Renaissance music, which is full of serenades. Over the cen turies, uni versity stude nts have tur ned the sere nade into an art form for hire. Usually he is hired by men to sing love songs to wome n. Occasion ally he is asked to si ng to men. The ser

5、vice is really a form of in timate alfrescotheatrewith love songs . He usually wears a white tie and tails and sings amorous Italian songs . He will carry chocolate hearts or flowers a nd whe n there is no bale ony available he will sing from trees or fire escapes !The fee depends on whether a music

6、ian comes along or not.The basic rate is£ 45(but it can cost a lot more especiallyif he takesa gon dola and a group of musicia ns along. Somepeople are so moved that they burst in to tears , but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasant s

7、ituations. They have to be verycareful these days because a serenade can be completely misinterpreted .Part 2 PassageEx. A. Pre-liste ning Questi onWhat memory strategies do you know that can help you remember things better?1) Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and releva nee.2) Your attitude has m

8、uch to do with whether you remember somethi ng or not.3) Your un dersta nding of new materials depe nds on what you already know.4) You can learn and remember better if you can group ideasinto some sort of meanin gful categories or groups.5) The brain's quickest and probably the Iongest-lasting

9、resp onse is to images.6) Memoryis in creased whe nfacts to be lear ned are con sciously associated with someth ing familiar to you.Ex. B: Sentence Dictatio n.Mnemonics are methods for rememberi ng in formati on that is otherwise quite difficult to recall.2. Our brains evolved to code and in terpret

10、 complex stimuli such as images, colors, structures, soun ds, smells, tastes, touch, positi ons, emoti ons and Ian guage.3. While Ianguage is one of the most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resourcesavailable to our min ds.4. Association is the method by w

11、hich you link a thing to be remembered to a way of rememberi ng it.5. Locati on gives you two thin gs: a cohere nt con text into which you can place information, and a way of separating one mnemoni from ano ther.Ex. C: Detailed Liste ning.1. Mnemonics are tools which can help you to improve your mem

12、ory.T. (Memory tools can help you to improve your memory"Mnemonic" is another word for memory tool.)2. The fun dame ntal prin ciple of mnemon ics is to make full useof the best fun cti ons of the brain to store in formati on.T (The basic prin ciple of mnemon ics is to use as many ofthe bes

13、t functionsof your brain as possible to storein formatio n.)3. Information wehave to remember is almost always presentedin differe nt ways.F (Unfortunatelyinformationwe have to remember is almost4. We can do four things to form striking images, which willhelp to make our mnemonics more memorable.T (

14、 Use positive, pleasa nt images; use vivid, colorful,sen se-lade n images; use all your sen ses to code in formati on or dress up an image; give our image three dimensions, movement and space.)5. There is one basic principle in the use of mnemonics.F (There are three fun dame ntal prin ciples un der

15、ly ing theuse of mnemoni cs: imag in atio n, associati on and locati on)6. Associationis what we use to create and strengthenimagi nati on.F (Imag in ati on is what you use to create and stre ngthe n theassociati ons n eeded to create effective mnemoni cs.)7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemo

16、n ics as you likeT (The imagery you use in your mnemon ics can be as viole nt,vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it help you to remember.)8. You can create associationsby linking things using the samestimuli.T. (You can create associationsby linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or

17、 feeli ng.)Ex. D: After-liste ning Discussi on1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics? Whycan we improve our memory by following the principle?To use as many of the best functionsof your brain aspossible to store in formatio n.Evolved to code and interpretcomplex stimuli. Use these tomake sophis

18、ticated models of the world.Our memories store all of these effectively.However, i nformati on is prese nted in only one way. Lan guageis only one of the many skills and resources available to our min ds.By coding Ianguages and numbers in strikingimages,/ canreliable code both information and struct

19、ure of information. Then easily recall these later.2. Why is a good memory importa nt to us?Ope n.Secti on Three NewsNews Item 1strike.Ex. A: Summarize the n ewsThis n ews item is about the Somali pirates Ex. B: Liste n to the n ews aga in and an swer the questio ns.1. Whether this latest attempted

20、hijacking was the promisedrevenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the USnavy isn't clear.2. No, the pirates haven' t been deferred.3. Because the financial rewards for a successful hijackingrema in so great and Somalia rema ins so lawless.4. At any one time there are only fifteent

21、o eighteenintern ati onal warships in the area to police an expa nse ofsea coveri ng more tha n a milli on square kilometres.5. It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.Tape script of News Item One:The piracy problem looks like it's here to stay despitethe rece nt muscular

22、in terve ntio ns by the French and America nnavies.Whether this latest attempted hijackingwas thepromised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the USnavy isn't clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates have n't bee n deterred.So why does the problem persist?

23、 Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as thefinan cial rewards for a successful hijack ing remai n so great and Somalia rema ins so lawless. Certa inly the intern ati onal effort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to

24、eighteen internationalwarshipsin the area to police an expa nse of sea coveri ng more tha n a millionsquare kilometres. Although it has been suggested thatraids could be moun ted on the pirates' home tow ns, it seems un likely there'll be any major in crease in the military effort uni ess th

25、ere's a spectacular hijack ing inv olvi ng the deaths of many crew members.The relucta neeto mount a major in ter natio naln avaloperation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the Intern ati onal Maritime Bureau, n early

26、twenty three thousa nd ships passed through the Gulf of Ade n. Only ninety two were hijacked.Rob Watso n, BBC NewsNews Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about Obama s military plan in Afgha ni sta n.Ex. B: True or false.1. The Preside nt is con sideri ng leav

27、ing Afgha ni sta n.F. (The Preside nt is maki ng it clear thatleav ingAfgha ni sta n is not an opti on.)2. Obamawouldn' t shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, n either would he deploy more military troops.T.3. Preside nt Obama thought his assessme nt would be "rigorous and deliberate

28、".T.4. Opinions aga inst Obama are not heard.F.( someRepublica ns and members of the Preside nt's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military pers onnel to a con flict where there is no end in sight.)5. The con flict in Afgha ni sta n seems to be over soon.F.(about co

29、mmittingmore resources and militarypers onnel to a con flict where there is no end in sight.)6. Afgha ni sta n can be the sec ond Viet nam.T. (The word 'Viet nam' is heard more and more on CapitolHill.)Script of News Item Two:The Preside nt is maki ng it clear that leav ing Afgha ni sta n is

30、 not an option. It's not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meet ing that he would n't shri nk the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely target ing al-Qaeda leaders. But he would n't be draw n on the military request for more troops.T

31、here appears to be a frustrationthat the review ofstrategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive in crease or reducti on of troop nu mbers.Preside nt Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican and Democrat senators and congressmen that his assessment woul

32、d be "rigorous and deliberate". But it's going on too long for someRepublica ns and membersof the Preside nt's own party are dubious about committing more resources and militarypersonnel to a conflictwhere there is no end in sight.The word 'Viet nam' is heard more and more

33、on Capitol Hill.The Preside nt was certa inly right whe n he said his final decisi on would n't make every one in the room, or the coun try, happy.Mark Mardell, BBC News, Washi ngtonNews Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about fragile peace that retur ns to GazaEx.

34、 B: Liste n aga in and fill in the bla nks.There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behi nd. But the tanks are gone, on ly thedeep tracksrema in.Ther

35、e were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also bee n sn ipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw someof the Qassamfightersreturning home, their riflesslung lazily around their shoulders.For three weeks the I

36、sraelis poun ded the tunnelthat runben eath the perimeter wall but last ni ght we met people who insist that someof these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptia n sider. If the bordercross ings rema in close, say the Palesti nians, these tunn elsare their only li

37、nk to the outside world.Script of News Item 3There were traffic jams on the road n orth, families headi ng to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behi nd. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks rema in

38、.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw someof the Qassamfightersreturning home, their riflesslung lazily around their shoulders.The destructi on w

39、e've see n has largely bee n in flicted onthe Hamasinfrastructure:police stations, military outposts,gover nment build in gs, so far the most exte nsive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.For three weeks the Israelis poun ded the tunn elsthat runben eath the perimeter

40、wall but last ni ght we met people whoinsist that someof these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptia n side; impossible for us to verify in depe nden tly, but they say they are determ ined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings rema in cl

41、ose, say the Palest inians, these tunn els are their only link to the outside world.Christia n Fraser, BBC News, GazaSecti on FourPart 1 Feature reportExercise A:This news report is about the recreation of the prehistoricworld in Lia oning, Chi na, based onthe scie ntific findingsonfossils discovere

42、d there.Exercise B:1. 35 prehistoric animals were created.2. They recreated the extinct beasts through the marriage ofscie nee, art and tech no logy.3. The exhibit is not behind the glass or otherwise enclosed,so visitors are eye to eye with extinct beasts. It is displayed in this way so that visito

43、rs will feel as if they ' ve stepped in to a Chi nese forest 130 millio n years in the past.4. He says it ' s accurate because every single plant, everyin sect, every orga nic feature in it actually represe ntssomethi ng that has bee n found as a fossil in n ortheaster nChi na.5. The only th

44、ing scientists had to make up is what color someof the ani mals were.6. According to Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs.7. They study the moveme nts of com mon place turkeys, chicke ns and ostriches to learn how similarly-built dinosaurs wouldand thesta nd or walk.8. By using high-tech imag

45、ery, fossils,gained from the biology of barnyard animals, scientistsnoestimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometersper hour, far slower that the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.Script :Dino saur Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Tech no logy, Moder n Livestock

46、The rolli ng hills of a province in n ortheaster n Chi na are now terraced for farming, but beneath that farmland are clues to a prehistoric world unlike any seen by humaneyes - until this week. Some 130 million years after dinosaurs roamed the Lia oning forest, the world has bee n pain stak in gly

47、recreatedin New York City's America n Museum of Natural History.The sound of the prehistoric forest is one of the few thingsthat has bee n imag ined in this 65 square-meter diorama. Thegingko leaves, piney trees and life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were created through the marriage of

48、 scie nee, art and tech no logy, as every detail, dow n to thesleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on scientific findings.The exhibit is not behi nd glass or otherwise en closed, sovisitors are eye-to-eye with extinct beasts, feeling as ifthey've stepped into a Chinese forest 130 millionyears i

49、n thepast.Mark Norell is a pale on tologist who has worked in Lia oning,searchi ng for clues to recreate this prehistoric world."It's accurate because every sin gle pla nt,every in sect, everyorga nic feature in it actually represe nts somethi ng that hasbee n found as a fossil in no rtheas

50、ter n Chin a," he expla in ed,"so the only thing that we had to sort of make up a little bitis what color some the an imals were. Eve n though we know someof theme were patterned,but we know definitelythat they were patter ned, because we can see that is the soft tissue rema ins, but we do

51、n't know what color they were but we try to be a little conservative in that regard, but nevertheless all the feathers you see, all the weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we found as fossils."Undern eath the gin gko trees, a feathered bird-like dino saurchases on two legs after a l

52、arge win ged in sect, the dino saur's beak-likemouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A sleepingdinosaur tucks its head beneath its arm, muchas a modern goose tucks its head ben eath its wing.The museum's curator of pale on tology,Michael Novacek,explains that it is necessary to understa

53、nd birds in order to better un dersta nd ext inct creatures."The reas on birds are so importa nt to us is really a fact wewere n't so aware of 10, 20 years ago is that birds are liv ingdino saurs. They're n ot just related to dino saurs. They aredino saurs," he stressed. "They

54、're a branch of dino saurs, so convenien tly eno ugh dino saurs did n't go completely ext in ct.One group, the birds, survived."Scie ntistsstudy the moveme nts of com mon place turkeys,chickens and ostriches to learn how similarly builtdinosaurswould stand or walk. Researchers even crea

55、ted a computer model of a giant chicken to learn more about the movements of the ever popular Tyranno saurus Rex.By using high tech imagery, fossils, and the kno wledge gainedfrom the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the gia nt T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour,

56、far slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.These scientific findings are passed along to model designers, such as the creator of a six-foot-l ong mecha ni cal T-Rex, a highlight of the new exhibit. The menacing skeleton's tail sways and its head bobs as the ext in ct

57、 di no saur shifts its weight, plodding in place - yet another example of the n ever-before-see n beco ming altogether real whe n scie nee and tech no logy meet art.Part 2 PassageExercise B1. The goal of this study was to determine what type of “gaze”is required to have this effect.2. The Queen'

58、 s study show ed that the total amount of gazereceived during a group conversation is more important than whe n the eye con tact occurs.3. The eye con tact experime nt used computer-ge nerated imagesform actors who conv eyed differe nt levels of atte nti on.4. The researchers concluded that people in group discussionswill speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eyecon tact from other group members.5. The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout the ages.6. Exercise C1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. BExercise D1. The eye con tact experime