年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版

1、2021年 6 月高校英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷三）partiwriting【题干】 directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutesto writea newsreporttoyourschoolnewspaperona volunteeractivit yorganizedbyyourstudentuniontohelpelderlypeopleinthene ighborhood.youshould write at least 120 words but no more than180words.part readingsectionasec

2、tionadirections:inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.yo uarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofcho icesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the b ank is identified by a letter. please mark the correspondi

3、ng letter fo r each item on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mea n that animals don't have culture. there's no better example of this than killer whales. a

4、s one of the most 27predators 食 肉 动 物 ，killer whales may not fit the 28 of a cultured creature. however, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 29b ehaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.theword"culture"comesfromthelatin"colere",which 30 m

5、eans"tocultivate" .inotherwords,itreferstoanythingthatis _31orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.amonghumanpop ulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesits elfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.forinstance,havingspent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the arc

6、tic, t he eskimos of greenland have developed certain genetic 32that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing the m to 33in their cold climate.likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent 34acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet, withanempirethat 35fromp

7、oletopole.assuch,differentpo pulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey 猎物.this,inturn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo (36) thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscou ldbedrivingtheanimals'geneticdevelo

8、pment.【选项】a.acquiredb.adaptationsc.brutald.deliberatelye.expressedf.extendsg.habitatsh.humblei.imagej.literallyk.refinedl.revolvesm.speculaten.structureo.thrivepart readingsectionbdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains inf

9、ormation gi ven in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which th e information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than o nce. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2.livingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangeme

10、ntsfor18-t o34-year-olds.a broaddemographic人口的 shiftsismaritalstatus,educational attainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadult s intheu.s. areliving,anda newpewresearchcenteranalysishig hlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthe most basic elemen t of their lives where they call home. in 20

11、21, for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents' home than they were to be living wit h a spouse or partner in their own household.b this turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop i n the share of young amer

12、icans who are choosing to settle down r omantically before age 35. dating back to 1880, the most commonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitha rom anticpartner,whetheraspouseora significantother.thistypeof arrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenation's18-to 34-year-oldswerelivingwi

13、th a spouse or partner in their own hou sehold, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.c by 2021,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseor partnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparents32.1%.some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone, werea singleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroo

14、mmates.there maining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymembersuchasa grandparent,in-laworsibling 兄弟姐妹 ,anon-relative,oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.d it'sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultsliving withtheirparentswasnotata recordhighin2021.thisarrangem entpeakedaround1940,whenabout3

15、5%ofthenation's18-to 34- year -olds lived with mom and/or dad compared with 32% in 201 4. what has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting differe nt ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic c oupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform l ist

16、of living arrangements.amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybyg ender.formenages18to34,livingathomewithmomand/orda dhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2021,in2021,2 8% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of thei

17、r parents. young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner35%than they are to be living with their parents 29%.f in2021,moreyoungwomen16%thanyoungmen13%were headingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.thisismainly becausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesinglepa

18、rentslivi ngwiththeirchildren. for their part, young men25%are more likel y than young women19%to be living in the home of another famil y member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.g avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseinth eshareofyoung.adultslivingwiththeparents.thefirst

19、inthepo stponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.theaverage age of fir st marriage has risen steadily for decades. in addition, a growing sh are of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. a previous pewresearchcenteranalysisprojectedthatas manyas one-in-fouroftoday'syoungadultmaynevermarr

20、y.whilecohabitation同居has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either marri ed or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.h inaddition,trendsinbothemploymentstatusandwagesha velikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoare livinginthehomeoftheirparen

21、ts,andthisisespeciallytrue of young men. employed young men are much less likely to live at ho me than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. the share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. in 2021, only 71% of 1 8-to 34-year-o

22、ld men were employed. similarly with earnings, young men's wages after adjusting for inflation have been on a downwardtrajectory轨迹since1970andfellsignificantlyform2000to2021.as wageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehome oftheirparentshasrisen.i economic factors seem to explain less of why

23、 young adult wo men are increasingly likely to live at home. generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to affor d to live independently of their parents. for women, delayed marriage-whichisrelated

24、,inpart,tolabormarketoutcomesformen mayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.j thegreatrecessionandmodestrecoveryhasalsobeenass ociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.initiallyin thewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingt heranksof young adults living at home.

25、and given the weak job o pportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the pri vate safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.k beyond gender, young adult's living arrangements differ consi derable by education which is tied to financial means. for young a dults w

26、ithout a bachelor's degree, as of 2021 living at home with theirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitha romanticpartner. by 2021,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompleteda bac helor'sdegreewerelivingwiththeirparentswhile27%wereliving withaspouseorpartner. among college graduates, in 2021 46% w

27、ere married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living wit h their parents. young adults with a college degree have fared mu ch better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.37. 【题干】 unemployedyoungmenarem

28、orelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.38. 【 题 干 】 in 2021, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterpart s.39. 【题干】 thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewitha partnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastorso.threedecades40.【题干

29、】 aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparents'home.41.【题干】 youngadultswitha collegedegreefounditeasierto liveindependentlyoftheirparents.42.【题干】youngmenarelesslikelytoendupas singleparents thanyoungwomen.43.【题干】 moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthan beforedu

30、etodelayedmarriage.44. 【题干】 thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirpar entshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.45. 【题干】 theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.46【. 题干】one reason for young adults to live with their parents is that getmarried late or stay

31、single all their lives part readingsectioncdirections:thereare2passagesinthissection.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.foreachoft hemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda、b、c、andd.youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronansw ersheet2witha singlelinethroughthecentre

32、.passageonequestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.accordingtothemajorityofamericans,womenareeverybitas capableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.thesamecanbes aidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.andaccor ding to a new pew research center survey on women and leadersh ip, most america

33、ns find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, wit h many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passion ate and organized leaders.sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernm entandbusinessintheunitedstates.ac

34、cordingtothepublic,atl east,it'snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalent or prope r skill sets.it'salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.althougheconomicrese archandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterrupti onsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadva nceintheircareers and compet

35、e for top executive jobs, relatively f ew adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for wo men seeking leadership roles. only about one-in-five say women's familyresponsibilitiesarea majorreasonwhytherearen tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.instead,toppin

36、gthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenamericans pointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehigh estlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.similarsharess aytheelectorate选民andcorporateamericaarejustnotreadyto putmorewomenintopleadershippositi

37、ons.as aresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalancein corporateamericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhou ghwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.while53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsin businessinthefuture,44%sayit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeas manywomenareint

38、opexecutivepositionsasmen.americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a femal e president in their lifetime.47.【题干】whatdomostamericansthinkofwomenleadersacco rdingtoa newpewresearchcentersurvey.【选项】a.theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.b.theyhavetostrivehardertowinth

39、eirpositions.c.theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.d.theyarejustas intelligentandinnovativeas men.48.【题干】 whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsabout womenseekingleadershiproles.【选项】a.theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.b.theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.c.theirf

40、ailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.d.relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.49. 【题干】 whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakin gtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey.【选项】a.personalitytraits.b.familyresponsibilities.c.genderbias.d.lackofvacancies.50. 【题干】 whatdoesthepa

41、ssagesayaboutcorporateamericai nthenearfuture.【选项】a.moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.b.genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.c.thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegood leaders.d.peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemor ewomenleaders.51. 【题干】 whatdomostamericansexpecttos

42、eesoononamer ica'spoliticalstage.【选项】a.awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.b.moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.c.amajorityofwomenvotingfora femalepresident.d.asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsas men.passagetwoquestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.peoplehavegrowntalleroverthela

43、stcentury,withsouthkorea nwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andiranian mengaining.16.5cm.a globalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countries1914and2021.theresultsrevealthatwhileswedeswerethetallestpeopleint heworldin1914,dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtop spot with an averag

44、e height of 182.5cm. larvian women. meanw hile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the worl d a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.jamesbentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromimperialcolle ge,london,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoi mprovementsinnutritionandh

45、ealthcare."anindividuals geneticshas a big influence on their height, but once you average over who le populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,sayseliori boliofimperialcollege."beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifee xpectancy,

46、"hesaid."thisislargelyduetoa lowerriskof dying ofcardiovascular心血管的 diseaseamongtallerpeople."but while height has increased around the world, the trend in m any countries of north and sub-saharan africa causes concern, says riboli. while height increased in uganda and niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years