专业英语-论文原文+翻译

1、research on the e-commerce development of industry sectorsin wuhan metropolitan areai. introductionduring the process of informationization?s penetration into all economic fields, electronic commerce brings new development chances to industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan areas- the secondary indust

2、ry includes the enterprises performing industrial manufacture and services. we can divide the industry into three sectors, that is, manufacturing sector, extractive sector and energy sector industrial sector is the criticalpart in the modern economy. the development of industry，s informationization

3、based on the adoption of electronic commerce system has broken through the regional boundaries. the informationization boom means that traditional business mechanism is not the engine of regional development any more.i导言在信息化的渗透到所有经济领域的过程中，电子商务在武汉大都市区的行业 中带来了新的发展机会。第二产业包括企业工业生产和服务。我们可以分为三个 部门的行业，即制造业

4、，采掘业和能源部门。工业部门是在现代经济中的重要组 成部分。建立在电子商务系统基础上行业的信息化发展已突破区域界限。信息化 的蓬勃发展，意味着传统的经营机制不是任何区域发展的引擎。today there are 37389 industrial enterprises in wuhan metropolitan areas (including wuhan, huangshi, eshoo, huanggang, xiaogan, xianning, xiantao, qianjiang andtianmen). among these enterprises, 33710 enterpris

5、es belong to manufacturing sector, account for 90.2 percent of total, 2646 enterprises belong to extractive sector, account for 7.1 percent of total, and 1033 enterprises belong to energy sector, account for 2.7 per cent of total. the majority of them locate in the core city of metropolitan area - w

6、uhan. to be specific, 12645 enterprises in wuhan, account for 33.8 percent of all, 5091 enterprises in huangshi, account for 13.6 per cent of all, 2007 enterprises in ezhou, account for 5.4 per cent of all, 4 604 enterprises in huanggang, account for 12.3 per cent of all, 4813 enterprises in xiaogan

7、, account for 12.9 per cent of all, 3 894 enterprises in xianning, account for 10.4 percent of all, 2438 enterprises in xiantao, account for 6.5 percent of all, 892 enterprises in qianjiang, account for 2.5 percent of all, 1 005 enterprises in ttianmen, account for 2.6 per cent of all （lou, 2009）.今天

8、有37389武汉大都市地区（包括武汉，黄石，鄂州，黄冈，孝感，咸 宁，仙桃，潜江和天门）的工业企业。在这些企业中，33710家企业，占总数的 90.2%属于制造业，2 646家企业属于采掘业，占总数的百分之7.1% , 1 033 家企业属于能源部门，占2.7%总。他们中的大多数定位在大都市区的核心城市 武汉。具体来说，12645家企业在武汉，占总数的33.8% ,黄石市5091家企 业，占百分之13.6% , 2 007家企业在鄂州，占全部的百分之5.4% , 4604企业 在黄冈，占全部的12.3% , 4813孝感企业，占12.9%所有，3894企业在咸宁， 占全部的10.4% , 2

9、438企业在仙桃，占全部的6.5% , 892潜江企业，占全部 的2.5% , 1 005家企业在天门，占全部的2.6% （卢，2009 ）。from the point of view of industry sectors, this paper analyzes the development situation and some problems of electronic commerce development of industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan and puts forward countermeasures to improve

10、the electronic commerce development, cultivate proper environment and help the progress the electronic commerce to adapt to the requirement of information economy.从行业来看，本文分析的工业产业的发展情况和武汉都市圈的行业电子商务 发展的一些问题，并提岀了对策，以改善电子商务的发展，培养适当的环境，帮 助电子商务的进展适应信息经济的要求。nowadays various industries and business areas ar

11、e utilizing internet. apart from connectivity, there is a great amount of other prospects coming along with it. the internet is used to augment, or even supplant, product and service delivery processes considered as more traditional. enterprises in industry sectors become the core force of the devel

12、opment of electronic commerce because of their enormous quantity如今各个行业和业务领域，利用互联网。除了连接，有大量的其他与它一起的前景。互联网的使用增加,甚至取代,那些被认为传统产品和服务交付流程。企业在行业因其拥有庞大的量成为了电子商务发展的核心力量。at a basic level, the adoption decision of new payment methods is controlled by consumer demand for electronic commerce and the available su

13、pply of new technology, particularly where it can reduce reliance on the branch network. more specific motivators include protection of reputation, competition, cost savings, mass customization, enhancement of marketing and communication activities, and retention and attraction of consumers. compare

14、d with these factors, security concerns have been highlighted as the most important issue delaying the diffusion of electronic commerce in industry sectors. in addition, lack of user-friendly technology and consumer demand, high initial set-up costs, redundancy of existing high cost legacy system an

15、d lack of suitable skills have acted as inhibiting factors to many enterprises' adoption of electronic commerce (laura bradley and kate stewart, 2002).在一个基本水平，采用新的支付方式决定受消费者对电子商务的需求和新技 术条件控制的，特别是它可以减少对分支网络的依赖。更具体的激励包括的保护 声誉，竞争，节约成本，大规模定制，加强市场营销和传播活动，并保留和吸引 消费者。与这些因素相比，安全问题已经凸显作为拖延电子商务行业扩散的最重 要的问

16、题。此外，缺乏对用户友好的技术和消费者的需求，高初始设置成本，对 现有的成本高，遗留系统和缺乏适当的技能冗余担任许多企业通过电子商务(劳 拉布拉德利和凯特的抑制因素斯图尔特，2002年)。scholars analyze e-commerce from different points of view; some of researchers? focus is on the supply chain of industries. as the continuous development and application of information technology, electroni

17、c commerce is more and more used in the all industries to form the information chain which is a communication and operation center of virtual network. it connects producer's business partners and consumers into an integrated cooperation from the information flow, capital flow and logistics to co

18、nsumers, the information chain accomplishes the value of enterprises in industries sectors (woo, shaw and fulkerson, 2000).学者们从不同的角度分析电子商务，一些研究人员的重点是基于供应链的产 业。作为不断发展和应用信息技术，电子商务越来越多地应用于所有行业形成了 信息链，是一个沟通和虚拟网络运营中心。它连接生产者，商业伙伴和消费者为 一体的综合性合作。从信息流，资金流和物流的消费者，信息链，实现企业价值 在工业部门(宇，肖和富尔克森，2000 ) osome researc

19、hes pay more attention on the e-commerce9s application in tertiary industries, especially in producer service industry and tourism industry. the producer service industry is an information intensive, knowledge intensive and technology intensive industry. producer service embodies a wide range of ind

20、ustries including the knowledge, information and technology products, including the generation, processing and transmission of intelligence products. such kinds of intelligence products emit knowledge, information and technology to all kinds of sectors and departments of the national economy (bryson

21、, 2001). in this way, the producer service industry will be impacted more than any other tertiary industries under the network economy (zhu and shen, 2009). the e-commerces application of tourism industry mainly focuses on internet ticket sales. internet ticket sales have grown rapidly because distr

22、ibution methods are tailored to customer needs. three models dominate the internet distribution channel including online travel agents, airline web sites and auction and reverse auction outlets (smith, gunther, rao and ratliff, 2001).一些研究注重电子商务的应用程序在第三产业,尤其是在生产者服务产业和 旅游产业。生产性服务业是一个信息密集、知识密集型、技术密集型产业

23、。生产 者服务体现了广 泛的行业(包括知识、信息和技术的产品，包括生成、处理和传 送情报产品。这种类型的智力产品发岀知识、信息和技术来各种各样的行业和部 门的国民经济（布赖森,2001 ）o通过这种方式，生产性服务业将影响超过任何其他 第三产业网络经济下（朱和沈,2009）o电子商务的应用程序主要集中在旅游行业 的互联网票务销售。通过互联网票务销售快速增长,因为发行的方法是按客户需 求。三个模型主导互联网分销渠道包括在线旅行社、航空公司网站和拍卖和逆向 拍卖销售点（史密斯，冈瑟，饶和拉特里夫,2001）most of the scholars perform their researches

24、on the development of electronic commerce within one certain aspect including supply chain or one certain industry mainly including producer service industry or tourism industry, they pay little attention on the development of electronic commerce of industry sectors within a certain region. this pap

25、er will focus on the electronic commerce development of industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan area.大多数学者进行研究的电子商务的发展在某些方面包括供应链或一个特定 产业主要包括生产性服务业和旅游业，他们不重视对电子商务发展的一定区域内 的工业部门。本文将重点放在了电子商务发展的工业部门在武汉都市区。ii. e-commerce development status of industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan areagenerally speaking,

26、 if an enterprise decides to engage in electronic commerce, it can adopt two ways the one is to construct a portal by itself or to make use of existing electronic commerce platform.ii.武汉都市区工业行业的电子商务的发展现状一般来说，如果一个企业从事电子商务，它可以通过2种方式一个是建 造一个门户网站本身或利用现有的电子商务平台。now only about one fifth enterprises have t

27、aken electronic commerce as their main trade method in wuhan metropolitan area plenty of industrial enterprises have no idea of internet portal or e-business platform and they are still using the traditional trade method.在只有约五分之一的企业已经采取电子商务的交易方法。在武汉都市地区大 量工业企业不知道互联网门户网站或电子商务平台，他们仍采用传统的交易方 法。among th

28、e industrial enterprises having taken the electronic commerce, 1855 of them have their own portals and 7056 of them have cooperated with electronic commerce platforms. the number of industrial enterprises who have both portals and platforms is 1126 and accounts for 14.5 percent of total. the number

29、of industrial enterprises who have portals but not use platforms is 729 and accounts for 9.4 per cent of total. the number of industrial enterprises who use platforms but no portals is 5 930 and accounts for 76-2 per cent of total. it implies that the majority of industrial enterprises prefer to use

30、 existing electronic commerce platforms because of its low cost of software renewing and system maintenance在涉及电子商务的工业企业中，1855家有他们自己的门户网站,7056家和 电子商务平台展开合作。同时拥有门户网站和合作平台工业企业有1 126 ,占总 数的14.5%o有729家工业企业有门户网站而没有使用平台，占总数的9.4%o 5 930家工业企业使用平台，但没有门户网站，占总数的76.2%o这意味着，由 于其低成本的软件更新和系统维护，大多数工业企业宁愿使用现有的电子商务平 台

31、。the internet portals constructed by these industrial enterprises are mainly used to do business such as enterprise-introducing, products- publicity, online marketing, online purchasing, online payment, online service and staff recruitment.工业企业建立互联网门户网站主要是用来做生意等企业介绍，产品宣传，网 上营销，网上采购，网上支付，网上服务和人员招聘。ba

32、sed on the above data in the table, we can get the information that the enterprises employ these portals to report some static information including enterprise-introducing and products-publicity. approximately half of these enterprises perform online - service and staff -recruitment on their own int

33、ernet portals and realize the transfer and exchange of information between the customers and them or between the potential staff and them. the number of enterprises who undertake online purchasing, online - marketing is less than one quarter of total and remarkably, no enterprises conduct online-pay

34、ment on their portals.企业聘请这些报告一些静态信息，包括企业介绍和产品宣传的门户。约一半 的这些企业自己的互联网门户网站的在线服务和招聘工作人员执行和实现之间 的信息交流以及与他们的客户或潜在的工作人员交流互动。企业从事网上购物， 网上营销是不到总数的四分之一。和显着，没有企业对自己的门户网站进行在线 支付。we can classify electronic commerce platforms into comprehensive platforms, professional platforms and regional platforms. the compreh

35、ensive platform is a type of electronic commerce platform serving for all merchandises including industrial merchandises, such as www.a, and so forth. the professional platform in this paper means the one only serving for industrial merchandises. and regional platform is the one only providing servi

36、ces for enterprises in hubei province or wuhan metropolitan area.我们可以分为综合性平台，专业平台和区域平台的电子商务平台。综合平台 是一个类型的所有商品，包括工业商品www.a , 等等，电子商务服务平台。本文中的专业平台，是指一个仅适用于工业商品。和 区域平台是一个只在湖北省或武汉都市圈的企业提供服务。industrial enterprises in wuhan metropolitan area mostly makes use of comprehensive electronic commerce platform,

37、the number of them accounts for 75.5 per cent of total (see table 3). the number of enterprises who use professional platforms accounts for 42.4 per cent of all and the number of who employ regional platforms accounts for only 6.9 percent of all because of the deficiency of the regional platforms in

38、 wuhan metropolitan area.在武汉都市圈的工业企业大多使用全面的电子商务平台，他们的人数占总数 的百分之75.5%o企业使用专业平台，占全部的42.4%和雇用区域平台账户， 只有6.9% ,因为在武汉都市圈的区域平台的不足百分之。to be concrete, industrial enterprises using three types of electronic commerce platforms accounts for less than 2 per cent of total, the ones using two types accounts for 25

39、.3 per cent of total and almost all industrial enterprises prefer to employ one type of platform (lou, 2009)- the reason why so many enterprises take one platform as business intermediary is that these enteiprises have to pay to platform providers monthly or annually. large-size industrial enterpris

40、es usually tend to make use of two or three types of platforms.具体说来，工业企业使用三种类型的电子商务平台占总额的不到2%,使用两 种类型的总额中占了 25.3%,几乎所有的工业企业倾向于雇佣一个类型的平台 (卢,2009)o之所以有如此多的企业采取一个平台作为商业中介是这些企业必须 每月或每年支付平台提供者一定的费用。大型工业企业通常倾向于使用两个或三 个类型的平台。iii. barriers of e-commerce development of industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan

41、areaa industry enterprises9 unawareness about electronic commercefor lack of directional rules and regulations directing electronic commerce cooperation of industry sectors in wuhan metropolitan area and efficient publicity or promotion, many potential users (industrial enterprises) are not very cle

42、ar about the benefits or added value that electronic commerce payment services can provide. the majority of enterprises clients are unaware about the availability of online business mechanism. because they are unclear about the benefits, they are not prepared to use it. these results show that there

43、 is a general lack of awareness among clients about online payment and the added value it offers in wuhan metropolitan area.hl.武汉都市区阻碍工业部门的电子商务发展的因素a 工业企业不了解电子商务在武汉都市圈，由于缺乏指导性的法律法规来指导行业电子商务合作和有效 的宣传或推广,许多潜在的用户（工业企业）也不是很清楚电子商务支付服务提 供好处和增值。大多数企业客户的不知道网上经营机制的实用性。因为他们不清 楚电子商务的好处，所以他们准备不使用它。这些结果表明，在武汉市区企

44、业客 户对电子商务提供的在线支付和附加值普遍缺乏意识。b. not give full play to e-commerce advantagesthe main functions of self-constructed internet portals include enterprise - introducing, products - publicity, online - marketing, online - purchasing, online - payment, and online 一 service and staff - recruitment. in wuhan m

45、etropolitan area, the usage of online - payment is so rare that no one industrial enterprise gets involved in this function. though most of enterprises have the idea that electronic commerce is an imperative trend, they prefer to treat it as a new marketing concept because of the immature of current

46、 domestic circumstances of industrial sectors. according to the traditional marketing theory, industrial enterprises should pay attention to the market shares, product sales, interior management and provider relationship management. some enterprises think that these items have no connection with ele

47、ctronic commerce and e-commerce is just one of the publicity methods, which leads enterprises to ignore the innovation and exploitation of portals' interactive functions. other enterprises have the knowledge of importance of client resources. in wuhan metropolitan area, the ratio of industrial e

48、nterprises providing online - services is 61.6 per cent, near the enterprises introducing and products -publicity. but the online - services only including the web application of pre-market, marketing and post-market do not realize more advantageous functions such as personal services, online busine

49、ss, marketing intelligent analysis and so forth. and the client service level is relatively low.b.没有充分发挥电子商务的优势自建的互联网门户网站的主要功能包括企业介绍，产品宣传，网上营销，网 上购物，网上支付，网上服务及招聘员工。在武汉都市圈，网上支付的使用率是 非常罕见的，没有一个工业企业介入这个功能。虽然大多数企业认为电子商务是 一个势在必行的趋势，但是由于不成熟的目前国内工业部门的情况，他们更愿意 把它作为新的营销理念。根据传统的营销理论，工业企业应注意的市场份额，产 品销售，内部管理和供应

50、商关系管理。一些企业认为，这些项目和电子商务没什 么联系，电子商务只是一个宣传方法，从而导致企业忽视门户网站的互动功能的 创新和开发。其他企业拥有客户资源的重要性的认识。在武汉都市圈，提供在线 服务的工业企业的比例是61.6% ,附近的企业介绍和产品宣传。但只包括上市 前，市场营销和市场后的web应用程序的在线服务，不实现更有利的功能，如 个人服务，网上业务，市场营销智能分析等等。和客户服务水平是比较低的。c interior informationization level cannot meet the needs of e-commerce developmentthere is dis

51、harmony between the industrial enterprises5interior informationization level and the development of electronic commerce in wuhan metropolitan area on the one hand, high level of enterprisers interior informationization does not mean that electronic commerce develops well. for instance, e-commerce de

52、velopment of industrial enterprises in huangshi, one of the industry sector informationization demonstration regions, is even fail to keep the pace of tianmen and qianjiang, which are not demonstration regions, especially in the fields of self-constructed portals and third-party e-commerce platforms

53、. why this disharmony occurs? the main reason is that there is no efficient linkage between interior informationization and e-commerce promotion. many large-size industrial enterprises and their clients have been intergraded partners for a long time, so they can easily defeats their competitors. com

54、pared with engaging in some high risk business such as e-commerce, enterprises tend to focus on interior informationization creation mainly. on the other hand, some medium and small-size industrial enterprises want to involve in electronic commerce and the main obstacle lies in the low level of inte

55、rior informationization.their portals or electronic commerce platforms are the information-providers only, and the information provided by internet cannot be integrated into one department, which means diffusion of information and lack of efficiency in information-disposing.c.内部信息化水平不能满足电子商务发展的需要有工业

56、企业内部的信息化水平和电子商务在武汉都市圈的发展之间的不协 调。一方面，企业的内部信息化水平高并不意味着电子商务发展。为instatce , 黄石，工业部门的信息化示范区之一，工业企业电子商务的发展，甚至无法保持 天门市，潜江的步伐，这是示范区，特别是在自建的门户网站领域，第三方电子 商务平台。为什么出现这种不和谐？主要的原因是不存在之间的内部信息化和电 子商务推广的高效联动。许多大型工业企业和他们的客户已经整合-parterners 很长一段时间，所以他们可以轻松地击败他们的竞争对手。从事一些高风险业务， 如电子商务相比，企业往往主要集中在内部的信息化创造。另一方面，一些中小 型工业企业要参

57、与电子商务的主要障碍在于内部信息化水平低。他们的门户网站 或电子商务平台，通过互联网提供的信息不能被整合成一个部门，这意味着缺乏 效率的信息处理和信息扩散的信息提供商。在武汉都市区，工业企业内部信息化和电子商务的发展不协调。一方面，高 层次的企业内部信息化并不意味着电子商务的发展就好。例如，黄石工业企业的 电子商务的发展，一个行业企业信息化示范区，甚至无法跟上非示范区的天门市 和潜江发展步伐，特别是在自建门户领域和第三方电子商务平台。为什么出去这 种不和谐？主要原因是，目前还没有有效的内部信息化和电子商务推广之间的联 系。许多大型工业企业和其客户已集成了很久的伙伴，所以他们可以轻松击败对 手。

58、与一些从事如电子商务高风险业务的企业相比，企业往往侧重于内部信息化 为主的创作。另一方面，一些中小型工业企业要参与电子商务的主要障碍在于低级别的内部信息化。他们的门户网站或电子商务平台的仅是信息提供者,互联网 提供的信息不能被集成到一个部门，这意味着信息扩散和信息处理缺乏效率。iv. countermeasures and conclusionsowing to industry enterprises5 lack of proper concept of electronic commerce and their carrying out e-business, it is necessar

59、y to change their conception and raise awareness about electronic business. in this way, they will grasp the initiative in the development of electronic commerce. in the electronic commerce development field, the one who can occupy the business chances of e-business will get the initiative and win the competitive advantage. but when will cairy out electronic commerce, we cannot blindly focus on speed and advance; we should try t