物理常用词汇表

1、AAbsolute acceleration 绝对加速度Absolute error 绝对误差Absolute motion 绝对运动Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute velocity 绝对速度Absolute zero 绝对零度Absorption 吸收Absorptivity 吸收率Accelerated motion 加速运动Acceleration of gravity重力加速度Acceleration 加速度Accidental error 偶然误差Acoustics 声学Acting force 作用力Adjustment 调节Aether 以太A

2、ir pump 抽气机Air table 气垫桌Air track 气垫导轨Alternating current circuit 交流电路Alternating current generator交流发电机Alternating 交流电Altimeter 测高仪Ammeter 安培计Amperemeter 电流计Ampere 安培Amperes experiment 安培试验Amperes force 安培力Amperes law 安培定律Amperemeter 安培计Amplitude 振幅Angle of rotation 自转角 转动角Angular acceleration 角加速度

3、Angular displacement 角位移Angular velocity 角速度Anion 负离子Anisotropy 各向异性Annihilation Anode 阳极Antenna 天线Applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle阿基米德原理Area 面积Argumentation 论证Argument 辐角Astigmatoscope 散光镜Atomic nucleus 原子核Atomic physics 原子物理学Atomic spectrum 原子光谱Atomic structure 原子结构Atom 原子Atwoods machine阿

4、特伍德机Average power 平均功率Average velocity 平均速度Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律Bbalance 天平ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计band spectrum 带状谱barometer 气压机basic quantity 基本量basic units 基本单位battery charger 电池充电器battery accumulator 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束betatron 电子感应加速器Bohr atom model 波尔原子模型Boiling p

5、oint 沸点Boiling 沸腾Bounce 反弹Bound charge 束缚电荷Bound electron 束缚电子Branch circuit 支路Breakdown 击穿Brightness 亮度Buoyancy force 浮力CCalorifics 热学camera 照相机capacitance 电容capacitor 电容器capillarity 毛细现象cathode ray 阴极射线cathoderay tude 阴极射线管cathode 阴极cation 正离子cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标Centre of gravity 重心Centre of

6、mass 质心Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal acceleration 向心加速度Centripetal force 向心力Chain reaction 链式反应Chaos 混沌Characteristic spectrum 特征光谱Charged body 带电体Charged particle 带电粒子Charge 充电Circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射Circular motion 圆周运动Classical mechanics 经典力学Classical physics 经典物理学 Cloud chamber 云室Coeffi

7、cient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数Coefficient of restitution 恢复系数Coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数Coefficient 系数Coil 线圈Collision 碰撞Component force 分力Coherent light 相干光源Component velocity 分速度Composition of forces 力的合成Composition of velocities 速度的合成Compression 压缩Concave lens 凹透镜Concave mirr

8、or 凹面镜Concurrent force 共点力Condensation 凝结Condenser 电容器Conducting medium 导电介质Conductor 导体Conservative force field 保守立场Conservative force 保守力Constant force 恒力Constant 常量Continuous spectrum 连续谱Convergent lens 会聚透镜Convex lens 凸透镜Convex mirror 凸面镜Coordinate system 坐标系Coplanar force 共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力

9、Corpuscular property 例子性Corpuscular theory 微粒说Coulomb force 库仑力Coulomb 库仑Coulombs law库仑定律counter 计数器creation 产生creepage 漏电crest 波峰critical angle 临界角critical resistance 临界电阻critical temperature 临界温度crystal 晶体current density 电流密度current element 电流元current source电流源current strength 电流强度curvilinear moti

10、on 曲线运动cyclotron 回旋加速器DDamped vibration 阻尼震动Damping 阻尼Daniell cell 丹尼尔电池Data processing 数据处理Data 数据Decay 衰变Definition of ampere 安培的定义Defocusing 散集Density 密度Derived quantity 导出量Derived unit 导出单位Dielectric 电介质Diffraction pattern衍射图样Diffraction 衍射Diffuse reflection 漫反射Digital timer 数字计时器Dimensional exp

11、onent 量纲指数Dimension 量纲Diode 二极管Diopter 屈光度Direct current 直流（dc）Direct impact 正碰Direct measurement 直接测量Discharge 放电Disorder 无序Dispersion 色散Displacement 位移Divergent lens 发射透镜Doppler effect 多普勒反应Double slit diffraction 双缝衍射Driving force 驱动力Dry cell 干电池EEcho 回声Eddy current 涡流Effective value 有效值Elastic b

12、ody 弹性体Elastic force 弹性力Elasticity 弹性Electric charge 电荷Electric circuit 电路Electric corona 电晕Electric energy 电能Electric field 电场Electric field intensity 电场强度Electric field line 电场线Electric flux电通量Electric leakage 漏电Electric neutrality 电中性Electric potential 电位；电势Electric potential difference 电位差；电势差El

13、ectric power 电功率Electric quantity 电量Electrification 起电Electrification by friction 摩擦起电Electrified body 带电体Electrode 电极Electrolysis 电解Electrolyte 电解质Electromagnetic damping 电磁阻尼Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射Electromagnetic wave 电磁波Electromagnetic wave spectrum 电磁波谱Electr

14、omagnetic induction phenomenon 电磁感应现象Electromagnet 电磁体Electrometer 静电计Electrometer force 电动势Electron 电子Electron beam 电子束Electron cloud 电子云Electron microscope电子显微镜Electron volt 电子伏特Electroscope 验电器Electrostatic equilibrium 静电平衡Electrostatic induction 静电感应Electrostatic screening 静电屏蔽Elementary charge

15、基本电荷；元电荷Energy 能量Energy level 能级Equilibrium 平衡Equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡态equivalent source theorem 等效电源定理erect image正像error 误差ether 以太evaporation 蒸发excitation 激发excitation state 激发态experiment 实验experimental physics 实验物理学external

16、force 外力eyepiece 目镜FFar sight 远视Faraday cylinder 法拉第圆筒Faraday law of electromagnetic induction 法拉第电磁感应定律Faradays law of electromagnetic induct 法拉第电磁感应定律Farad 法拉（电容的单位）Film interference 薄膜干涉Final velocity 末速度First cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度Fission 裂变Fixedaxis rotation 定轴转动Flotation balance 浮力秤Fluid 流体Foc

17、al length 焦距Focusing 调教；聚焦Focus 焦点Force 力Forced vibration 受迫震动Fractal 分形Free charge 自由电荷Free electron 自由电子Free period 自由周期Freezing point 凝固点Frequency 频率Friction force 摩擦力Fusion 聚变GGalvanometer 电流计Gas 气体General physics 普通物理学Generator 发电机Good conductor 良导体Gravitation 引力Gravity 重力Gravitational potentia

18、l energy 重力势能Gravity field 重力场Ground earth 接地Ground state 基态Ground wire 地线HHadron 强子Half life period 半衰期Heat 热Heat transfer传热Henry 亨利Hertz 赫兹（频率的单位）Hooke law 胡克定律Humidity 湿度Hydrogen 氢原子Hypothesis 假设IIce point 冰点Ideal gas 理想气体Image 像Image distance 像距Image height 像高Imaging 成像Imperfect inelastic collis

19、ion 非完全弹性碰撞Impulse 冲量Incident angle 入射角Incident ray 入射线Indirect measurement 间接测量Induced electric current 感应电流Induced electric field 感应电场Induction current 感应电流Induction electromotive force 感应电动势Induction motor 感应电动机Inertia 惯性Inertial system 惯性系Infrared ray 红外线Infrasonic wave 次声波Initial phase 初位相Initi

20、al velocity 初速度Input 输入Instantaneous power 瞬时功率Instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度Instrument 仪器Insulated conductor 绝缘导体Insulating med ium 绝缘介质Insulator 绝缘体Intensity of sound 声强Interference 干涉Interference fringe 干涉条纹interference pattern 干涉图样Interferometer 干涉仪Internal energy 内能Internal force 内力Internal resist

21、ance 内阻Into nation 声调Inverted image 倒像Invisible light 不可见光Ion beam 离子束Ionization 电离Irreversible process 不可逆过程Isobaric process 等压过程Isobar 等压线Isochoric process 等体积过程Isothermal 等温线Isothermal process 等温过程Isotope 同位素Isotropy 各向同性JJoule 焦耳（功的单位）Joule heat 焦耳热Joule law 焦耳定律KKepler law 开普勒定律Kinematics 运动学Ki

22、netic energy 动能Laplaces equation 拉普拉斯方程LLaser 激光；激光器Law 定律Law of conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒定律Law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律Law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律Law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律Law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律Law of electric charge conservation 电荷守

23、恒定律Le systeme international d unit e s国际单位制（si）Lead 导线Length 长度Lens 透镜Lens formula 透镜公式Lenz law 楞次定律Lepton 轻子Light ray 光线Light source 光源Light wave 光波Lightning rod 避雷针Light 光Line spectrum 线状谱Lines of current 电流线Lines of force of electric field 电力线Liquefaction 液化Liquefaction point 液化点Liquid 液体Longitud

24、inal wave纵波Loop 回路Lorentz force 洛仑兹力Luminous intensity 发光强度Mmagenetic field 磁场magnetic field intensity磁场强度magnetic field line 磁场线magnetic induction flux 磁感应通量magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic induction line 磁感应线magnetic material 磁性材料magnetic needle 磁针magnetic pole 磁极magnification 放大率magnifier 放大镜；放大器

25、manometer 流体压强计mass 质量mass defect 质量亏损massenergy equation 质能方程matter 物质matter wave物质波Maxwells equations 麦克斯韦方程组Mean speed 平均速率Mean velocity 平均速度Measurement 测量Mechanical energy 机械能Mechanical motion 机械运动Mechanical vibration 机械运动Mechanics 力学Medium 介质Melting fusion 熔化Melting point 熔点Metre rule 米尺Micro d

26、etector 灵敏电流计Micrometer caliper 螺旋测微器Microscope 显微镜Microscopic particle 微观粒子Mirror reflection 镜面反射Mirror 镜Mixed unit system 混合单位制Modern physics 现代物理学Molar volume 摩尔体积Molecular spectrum 分子光谱Molecular structure 分子结构Moment of force 力矩Momentum of electromagnetic field 磁场的动量Momentum 动量Motor 电动机Multimeter

27、 多用电表Musical quality 音色NN pole 北极Natural frequency 固有频率Natural light 自然光Negative charge 负电荷Negative crystal 负晶体Negative ion 负离子Negative plate负极板Network网络Neutralization 中和Neutron 中子Newton 牛顿Newton first law 牛顿第一定律Newton second law 牛顿第二定律Newton third law 牛顿第三定律Nonequilibrium state 非平衡态North pole 北极Nuc

28、leus force 核力Nucleus of condensation 凝结核OObject 物Object distance 物距Object height 物高Objective 物镜Observation 观察Oersteds experiment 奥斯特实验Ohm 欧姆Ohm law 欧姆定律Open circuit 开路Optical bench 光具座Optical centre of lens 透镜光心Optical fiber 光导纤维Optical glass 光学玻璃Optical instrument 光学仪器Optical lever 光杠杆Optical path

29、difference 光程差Optical path 光程路Optically denser medium 光密介质Optically thinner medium 光疏介质Optics 光学Orbit 轨道Order有序Oscillograph 示波器Output 输出Overweight 超重PParallel connection of condensers 电容器的并联Parallelogram rule 平行四边形定律Parallelresonance circuit 并联谐振电路Parameter 参量Particle 质点；粒子Pascal law 帕斯卡定律Path 路程Pea

30、k 峰值Pendulum 摆Penumbra 半影Perfect elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞Perfect conductor 理想导体Perfect inelastic collision 完全非弹性碰撞Periodicity 周期性Period 周期Periscope 潜望镜Permanent magnet 永磁体Permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数Permittivity 电容率Phase 位相Phenomenon 现象Photocurrent 光电流Photoelectric effect 光电效应Photoelectron 光电子Photo

31、graphy 照相术Photon 光子Physical balance 物理天平Physical quantity 物理量Physics 物理学Piezometer 压强计Pitch音调Planck constant 普朗克常量Plasma 等离子体Point charge 点电荷Polarization 偏振Polarized light 偏振光Polycrystal 多晶体Poor conductor 不良导体Positive charge正电荷Positive crystal 正晶体Positive ion 正离子Positive plate 正极板Positron 正电子Potenti

32、al energy 势能Potentiometer 电位差计Power 功率Pressure 压强；压力Primary coil 原线圈Principle of constancy of light velocity 光速不变原理Prism 棱镜Projectile 抛体Projectile motion 抛体运动Projector 投影仪Proton 质子Pulley 滑轮Pulley block 滑轮组QQuantity of heat 热量Quantization 量子化Quantum 量子Quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum number 量子数RRadar 雷达

33、Radioactive source 放射源Radius of gyration 回旋半径Random motion 无规则运动Range 量程Rated voltage 额定电压Reacting force 反作用力Real image 实像Real object 实物Reasoning 推理Recoil 反冲Rectilinear motion 直线运动Reference frame 参考系；坐标系Reference system 参考系Reflected angle 反射角Reflected ray 反射线Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflection law

34、 反射定律Reflectivity 反射率Refracted angle 折射角Refracted ray 折射线Refraction law 折射定律Refraction coefficient 折射系数Refractive index 折射率Relative acceleration 相对加速度Relative error 相对误差Relative motion 相对运动Relative velocity 相对速度Relativity 相对论Resistance 电阻Resistance box 电阻箱Resistivity 电阻率Resistor 电阻器Resolution of for

35、ce 力的分解Resolution of velocity 速度的分解Resonance 共振；共鸣Reasonant frequency 共振频率Resultant force合力Resultant velocity 合速度Reversibility of optical path 光路可逆性Reversible process 可逆过程Rheostat 变阻器Righthand screw rule 右手螺旋定则Rocket 火箭Rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场Rotation 自转；转动Rutherford scattering 卢瑟福散射Rutherfordap

36、article scatteringexperiment 卢瑟福a散射实验SS pole 南极Saturation 饱和Scalar 标量Scalar field 标量场Scanner 扫描器Second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度Selective absorption 选择吸收Selfinduced electromotive force 自感电动势Selfinductance 自感Selfinduction phenomenon 自感系数Semiconductor 半导体Semitransparent film 半透膜Sensitive galvanometer 灵敏电

37、流计Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensitometer 感光计Sensor 传感器Series connection of condensers 电容器的串联Seriesreasonance circuit 串联谐振电路Short circuit 短路Short sight 近视Shunt resistor 分流电阻Significant figure 有效数字Simple harmonic motionshm简谐运动Simple harmonic wave 简谐波Simple pendulum 单摆Single crystalmonocrystal单晶体Single slit diffr

38、action 单缝衍射Sinusoidal alternating current 简谐交流电Sinusoidal current 正弦式电流Sliding friction 滑动摩擦Slit 狭缝Solar cell 太阳能电池Solenoid 螺线管Solidification 凝固Solidification point 凝固点Solid 固体Solution 溶液Salvation 溶解Sonar 声纳Sound source声源Sound velocity 声速Sound wave 声波Sound 声音Source 电源South pole 南极Space空间Spark discha

39、rge 火花放电Special relativity 狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Spectacles 眼镜Spectral analysis 光谱分析Spectral line 光谱线Spectrograph 摄谱仪pectrography 摄谱学spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 光谱speed 速率spherical mirror 球面镜spontaneous radiation 自发辐射spring balance 弹簧秤stability 稳定性stabilized current supply 稳流电源stabilized volta

40、ge supply 稳压电源standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压standard cell 标准电池standing wave 驻波static friction 静摩擦stationary state 定态steady current 恒定电流steady current source 恒流源steady voltage source 恒压源steam point 汽点stiffness 劲du系数stimulated radiation 受激辐射stop watch 秒表sublimation 升华superconductivity 超导电性superco

41、nductor 超导体super position principle of electric field 电场强度叠加原理supersaturation 过度饱和supersonic speed 超声速supersonic wave 超声波supply transformer 电源变压器surface resistance 表面电阻switch 开关system of concurrent forces 共点力系system of particles 质点系system of units 单位制systematic error 系统误差TTelescope 望远镜Temperature 温度Tension 张力The law of gravity 万有引力定律Theorem 原理Theorem of kinetic energy 动能定理Theorem of momentum 动量定理Theoretical physics 理论物理学The