初二英语八年级下册第二单元知识点

1、初二英语八年级下册其次单元学问点unit 2 i'll help clean the city parks.一学问点：短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：申申老师提示，下面的短语非常重要，归纳相当到位，建议成果优秀的同学必需全部把握；1.动词 +副词如： give up 舍弃turn off关掉stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，假如其宾语是代词，就必需放在动词和副词之间，假如是名词，就既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后；2. 动词 +介词 如： listen of听 look at 看 belong to属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语；3. 动词 +副

2、词 +介词如： come up with提出，想出run out of用完，耗尽4. 动词 +名词 介词 如： take part in 参与catch hold of抓住1. cheer sb. up 使某人 兴奋、振作如：cheer me up使我兴奋clean up 打扫clean-up n.打扫2. homeless adj. 无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n.家4. sick adj. 生病的作表语、定语ill adj.生病的作表语，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v.理想效劳、主动奉献volunteer n.理想者6. come

3、 up with提出想出= think up想出catch up with赶上追上7. put off doing推迟做某事put on穿上指过程 put up张贴8. write down写下登记9. call up 打电话make a telephone call打电话10. set up 成立建立the new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在2000 年成立的；11. each 每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情形常与 of 连用every 每个每一个的一切的就有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用12. putto use把投入使用，利用they pu

4、t the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. to do帮忙某人做某事help him to study help sb. with sth.帮忙某人做某事help him with english help do帮忙做某事help study14. plan to do方案做某事plan + 从句i plan to go to beijing. = i plan that i will go to beijing.我方案去北京；15. spenddoing花费做i spent a day visiting beijing.我花了一天的时间去参

5、观北京；spendon sth.花费在i spent 3 years on english.16. join参与指参与团体、组织 如： join the party入党take part in参与指参与活动 如：take part in sports meeting参与运动会17. run out与 run out ofrun out become used up.其主语往往为物；如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义；his money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了；our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了；run out of主语为人，表示

6、主动含义；he is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的日子仍没有到就把钱花完了；两者在肯定条件下可以互换如：the petrol is running out.汽油快用完了= we are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了；our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了；= we are running out of time18. take after 在外貌、性格等方面与父母等 相像 be similar to与.相像take after相像look after照料ta

7、ke care of 照料19. work out v. + adj.结局，结果为the strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略成效很好；算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）he never seems to be worked out.他似乎永久不会疲乏似的；he worked out a plan.他制订了一个方案；i have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用；21. hang out闲荡闲逛i like to hang out at mall with my frie

8、nds.我喜爱和我的伴侣一起去购物中心闲荡；22. be able to do能 会 be unable to do不能不会23. thank you for doing感谢做某事如：thank you for helping me感谢做帮忙我24. for sure的确如此，毫无疑问you don t have money. that s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的；25. fillwith使布满用填充she filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗；26. hand out分发hand out bananasgive out分发 give out

9、 sth to sb.分.给某人 give up doing舍弃give up smoking舍弃吸烟give away 赠送捐赠give away sth. to. give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西give me money给我钱give sth. to sb.给某人某东西give money to me给我线27. help sb. out帮忙做事，解决难题摆脱困境 i cant work out this math problem. please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决；28. train n.

10、火车train v. 训练train sb. to do.训练某人做某事she trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西；29. at once = right away立 刻 立刻如：do it at once.立刻去做；i ll go there at once/ right away.我立刻去那里；30. one day 有一天指将来 / 过去 some day 有一天 指将来 如：one day i went to beijing.有一天我去了北京；some day i ll go to beijing.有一天我将去北京；34. disable

11、d adj.肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能36. volunteer可数名词“理想者” adj. 自愿的vi. volunteer to do sththey are the chinese people s volunteers. 他们是中国人民理想军；i volunteer to help you.我自愿帮忙你；二句子1we cant put off making a plan. clean-up day is only two weeks from now.我们不能推迟制订方案，清洁日离现在只有两周了；2she putsthis love to good use by worki

12、ngintheafter-schoolcare centreat her local elementary school.她在当地的一所学校的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3not only do i feel good about helping other people, but i get to spend time doing what i love todo. 帮忙别人不但自己感到欢乐，而且我开头花时间做自己喜爱做的事了；申申老师语法讲解：本句中包含了一个部分倒装的语法难点（中同学只需把握否定词位于句首的倒装形式，成果优异的同学最好把我下面的语法讲解全部把握）部分倒装是指

13、将该句中谓语的一部分如be 动词、助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前；下面具体讲解部分倒装的各种类型题：1) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装；留意以下句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法 : 例:not until yesterday did little john change his mind.小约翰直到昨天才转变了想法； in no country other than britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让

14、人在一天中感受到四季变化2) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装；这些否定副词有barely, hardly,little, seldom, scarcelywhen, never, no soonerthan, rarely, no more, not nearly, notonly 等以及 only ； only in the country can you learn the "true english".3一些如 scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 引导的主从复合句主句要 求使用过去完成式；留意 :在部分倒装

15、句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be 可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后；4此外，一些介词 +no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如 under no circumstances should you lend paul a

16、ny money. 留意 :a) 假如含有从句时，只要求主句倒装: 例:only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误；b) 假如上述否定副词显现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装:例: it was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.直到他出国以后才明白到事实真相； c) 假如 hardly, scarcely 后面接的是any, ever, at

17、all 时，意义类似 almost no/ not/ never几乎不、从不 ，就无须倒装；例:hardly any people invited went there.几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了；5) 由 no matter how, however和 how 引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，由于形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句:例:i know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.我一点也不明白这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深；6

18、) 由 as 引导的部分倒装句:a) 当 as 作为比较意义时，即用于 as + adj./ adv. + as 结构中时，假如把第一个as 省略掉，就形成部分倒装句；例:cautious as the rest of her family was , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. 正如她家里人一样谨慎当心，她似乎不情愿立刻回答我的问题；she charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit ran. 她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快.b) 当 as 引导让步状语时，和although,though 一样，当用作"尽管 "之义时，可以用于部分倒装句；hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam. 虽然他很用功，但他仍是没及格c) 表示缘由时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装；