初中英语知识点梳理及操练

1、中学英语学问点梳理及操练初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项挑选，来考核同学对英语各个语言学问点所把握的情形和程度；同学在分析、判定所选词语的正误时，不但要从语法角度去考虑，而且要从整句规律、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去注视；这样，才能防止往往因马虎或偏解所造成的失误；这一大题需要留意的是：在把握英语各个语言学问点的一般规律之外，仍需要留意英语各个语言学问点的特殊规律；在英语中，有很多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的，因此，不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套；对于某些有特殊规律的语言学问点，同学肯定要在平常加强留意和不断积存，在这方面是没有捷径可行的；此外，在

2、学习时仍要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向；一. 冠词 :冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a； an”之分；定冠词表示“确指”，译作“这 那个”；不定冠词表示“泛指” ，译作“一个” ；例题解析 : lady over there is university teacher.a a, theb the, anc the, ad the, the“ over there”意为“那边的” ，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady ”（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“ the”；后半句意为“一位高校老师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“ an”；由于“ univ

3、ersity ”的读音起始于辅音“j ”，因此要加定冠词“a”；所以此题答案应当选“c”； he prefers playing piano to playing hockey.a the, theb the, /c / , /d / , the“ piano”意为“钢琴” ，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”；后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球” ，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词；所以此题答案应当选“b ”； mr. black was made manager of our company.a) /b ac and the“ manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词；所以此题

4、答案应当选“a ”；此外，冠词仍有很多特殊的用法：1. 由一般名词组成的专出名词前，要加定冠词，如：the great wall（长城）2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：thomas green； changfeng park3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如： the dongting lake4. 一般用“单数名词加a；复数名词不加the”来表示“泛指”的意思；习题训练：choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案，用a 、b、c 或 d 表示，填入空格内: 1. there is “ u” in word“ uniform.”.

5、a an, ab an, thec a, ad a, the 2. sign here stands for mistake.a a, ab a, thec the, ad the, the 3. we made joyce monitor her experience.a a, becauseb the, becausec / , because ofd the , because of 4.two months ago mr. green wrote article on shanghai international art festival.a theb anc ad / 5. q: i

6、s mr. white teacher of your school.a: yes. teacher is from australia.a a, ab a, thec the, thed the, a 6. paul is european student. he likes to study history of china.a a, theb a, /c an, thed an, / 7. this is honey. as we all know, honey is sweet.a / , theb / , /c the, /d the, the 8. they didn't

7、catch the last train because of .a some heavy trafficsb any heavy trafficc) heavy trafficd a heavy traffic 9. it won't take long, it's only walk.a) ten-minutesb ten minutes'c ten minutesd ten-minute's二.名词 :名词表示人或物体的名称，有一般名词park 、专出名词 peter；party 、集合名词 family,class, police 、缩写名词sars,

8、ceo, wto等；总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不行数名词；要留意它们在句中的不同要求和变化；例题解析 : his grandfather is .a robert bobb tom blackc kate whited black green英语中， 人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名， 即“ first name ”，后为姓， 即“ second name”，也可叫做“ family name ”或“ surname”；做这类题目，必需先搞清晰哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字仍要分清男女性别；这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以此题答案应当选“b”； are play

9、ing tennis in the playground.a the brownsb the brown'sc brownsd brown's英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“ s”，有“一家人”之意；所以此题答案应当选“a”； be careful. there is a hole in the ground.a two-foot-deepb two-feet-deepc two-foot deepd two-feet deep这道题目考的是复合形容词；在复合形容词中的名词应当用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接；由于它被看作为一个一般的形容词

10、，因此，在可数名词前仍要再加上冠词；此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole ”，所以此题答案应当选“a ”； he s got bad toothache. he d better go to .a dentistb the dentistc the dentistsd see the dentists“去看牙科医生”可译为 “ go to see the dentist”或“ go to the dentist dentist s c”lin；ic所以此题答案应当选“c”； the teachers wondered if the students we

11、re in trouble.”；后一s个词语中的 “ the dentist”表示s“ thea woman, boyb woman, boysc women, boyd women, boys英语中，“女老师们”应当译为“women teachers”，而“男同学们”应当译为“ boy students”； 所以此题答案应当选“ c”； came that houston rocket won again and yao ming got the most scores.a a newsb messagec wordd words“据说”在英语中有多种说法：“ it was said tha

12、t”、“ wordcame that”、“ news came that”、“ amessage camethat”等；所以此题答案应当选“c”； all of a sudden, something on the ground caught .a his eyeb his eyesc his own eyesd eyes of his own“ catch one s e”ye是固定词组，意为“引起某人留意”；即“ be noticed by sb. ”；此句中，“ eye”是“视线”之意，由“ eyesight”演化而来；随着语言的进展，一些词语会产生演化，大致上都是朝“简洁化”方向进展，

13、如： “ countryside ”“ country ”、“mankind ”“ man”、 “ campsite”“ camp”、“ in the daytime ”“ in the day” 等；所以此题答案应当选“a ” ； the lady with long found her husband had already got three gray .a hair, hairb hair, hairsc hairs, haird hairs, hair要把握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不行数名词；但是有些名词具有可数和不行数两种性质，要靠详细说法来判别；如这道题中的“hair”（头发

14、）就是这类词；前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不行数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发”，是可数名词；所以此题答案应当选“b”；习题训练：choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案，用a 、b、c 或 d 表示，填入空格内: 1. he has got to tell you.a a good newsb some newsc a lot newsd many news 2. it s seven oclock. are sitting at table.a mr. greensb the green'sc the greensd greens 3. your brother

15、 is the same mine.a old asb age asc old liked age like 4. our bodies need food to give us .a healthb strongc energyd taste 5. a lemon is the same as a banana.a yellowb colourc freshd sweet 6. what kind of do you like best.a watermelonb the watermelonc a watermelond watermelons 7. look at this magazi

16、ne. let s do the about eating habits.a quizb listc cookingd dinner三.代词 :代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词this, those、人称代词主宾格i, me 、形容词性物主代词my 、名词性物主代词mine 、反身代词 myself 、不定代词 either, others, anything, nobody ；其中，不定代词的变化最复杂；在不同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们肯定要有充分的熟识，不能掉以轻心；例题解析 : would you please give .a him itb it himc to hi

17、m itd it to him英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，肯定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“to ”； 所以此题答案应当选“d”； she always thinks of more than .a others, herb the others, shec others, herselfd the others, herself在英语中， “别人”属于“泛指” ，应译为“ others”；后半句是介词“of ”的宾语；由于这里的“她”与主语的 “她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对；所

18、以此题答案应当选“c”； some people like watching the sports news, prefer tv series.a the othersb the otherc othersd another在英语中， “一些，另一些”有两种译法：“ some, the others”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情形，而“ some, others”是指有第三部分的情形存在；此题意为“一部分人喜爱看体育消息，而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”，明显仍有其他人喜爱其他的内容，所以此题答案应当选“c”； the light in the room was too poor for to

19、see it clearly.a everyoneb someonec anyoned none英语中，“ toot”o意为“太而不能” ，具有否定的含义； 因此，“ for sb.”中应当选运用在否定句中的“ anyone”才对；所以此题答案应当选“c”； the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.a someb muchc the most ofd most of带有定冠词 “the”的名词前， 应当用代词词组： “ some of”（意为“其中一些” ）、“ much of ”（意为“其

20、中很多” ）、 “ most of ”（意为“其中大多数” ）等；“ the mose of”（意为“其中最多的” ）在本句中的译法欠妥，所以此题答案应当选“ d ”； can you call on my mother on saturday or sunday.i m afraid day is possiblea eitherb eachc bothd neither在英语中， 有“两者” 和“三者以上” 的不同词语说法： “ both ”意为“两者都”、“ all ”意为“三者以上都” 、“neither”意为“两者都不” 、“ none”或“ no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“

21、either”意为“两者之一” 、“ one”意为“三者以上之一”、“ between”意为“两者之间” 、“ among”意为“三者以上之间” ；依据此题句意，答句应当是说“我唯恐没有一天能行”， 所以此题答案应当选“d”； there are three bathrooms in the house. one is upstairs, two are downstairs.a otherb the otherc othersd the others在英语中， “另两个”的译法有多种：“ the other two ”、“ the others”、“the rest”；由于本句中讲到三间浴室

22、，“另两间”的说法应当是“确指”的，因此，必需有定冠词“the”；又由于后句已经写了“two ”，因此这里要选作形容 词用的“ other”； 所以此题答案应当选“ b”； the dishes on table one are much fewer than on table two.a thatb thosec dishesd /要留意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on table one ”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on table two ”（二桌上的菜）作比较，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略；“ that”与“ those”是比较级句中的专用

23、代词；由 于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的名词；所以此题答案应当选“b ” ； there are more people in this room than in that one.a thatb thosec peopled /要留意在“ there is”或“ there are”的比较级句型中，习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词；所以此题答案应当选“ d ”；习题训练：choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案，用a 、b、c 或 d 表示，填入空格内: 1. show your watch me. is slow.a to, mineb

24、 to, myc for, mined for, my 2. do you like , the summer holidays or the winter holidays.a what, betterb what, bestc which, betterd which, best 3. she wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of taken in her housing estate.a herselfb herc her sd myself 4. she told jack, tom and me to among .a talk it over

25、, usb talk over it, usc talk it over, ourselvesd talk over it, ourselves 5 . i ll do it by myself. i won hetlpn.eeda anyone s elseb anyone elsesc anyone othersd other anyones 6. i heard until my friend told me about it.a everythingb somethingc nothingd anything 7. would you like more bread, jack.a a

26、nyb anotherc littled a little 8 . only one student got the right answer. but didn t.a the otherb anotherc othersd the rest 9. he doesn't think of them will go there with you.a noneb somec manyd much 10. the film is dull and people like it.a a fewb fewc a littled little 11. have you all .a got re

27、ady everythingb got everything ready forc got everything readyd got ready for everything 12. help to some sweets, everyone.a yourselvesb your ownc yourselfd by yourself13. he has six uncles. five of them are doctors and is a driver.a) anotherb the sixthc otherd the other 14. believe or not, i did it

28、 all by .a) meb usc myselfd ourselves15. a: are these two books yours .b: no, of them is mine.a eitherb nonec bothd neither 16. neither of the twins the toy train.a likeb likesc is liked are like四.数词 :数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示次序概念；第一要留意一些数词在写法上的变化，如： forty ； ninth ； twentieth 更要留意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化；例

29、题解析 : about students went to the picture show that day.a hundreds ofb two hundredsc two hundred ofd two hundred“ about”意为“大约” ，是指详细数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词语“ hundreds of ”（意为“成百个” ）；在表示确定数量时，英语中的“ hundred”不加“ s”，即不变复数；再由于“ students”前没有定冠词“ the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“ of ”； 所以此题答案应当选“ d ”； of class four studen

30、ts have joined the singing group.a three-fifths, theb three-fifth, thec three-fifths, /d three-fifth, /英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用短横“”连接；当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加 “ s”；再由于此题句中数量用的是 “ of ”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三” ，因此后面的名词 “ students” 必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“ the”； 所以此题答案应当选“ a ”；在这里要特殊留意的是：不要看到“ students”前有修饰词 “class fo

31、ur”就不敢加定冠词 “ the”，要懂得这里的 “ the”是修饰“ students”的；同样，“ the english language ” 词语的表达形式也类似于此种情形；习题训练 :choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案，用a 、b、c 或 d 表示，填入空格内: 1.john has twelve coins and joan has ones, three times as many as john.a thirteenb fifteenc thirty-sixd forty-eight 2.the post code used in our neigh

32、bourhood is .a 56348574b 200333c a quarterd a dozen 3. today is her brother s birthday. is on .a she, fifth of mayb she, may fifthc hers, may fifthd hers, may the fifth 4. of the students go to school by bike.a two-threeb two-thirdsc two-threesd two-third 5.there are about seats in the hall.a two hu

33、ndredsb two hundredc hundreds ofd two hundred of 6. a: how often should we publish the paper.b: .a in one week s timbeonce a monthc after two weeksd for half a month 7. about the students went to the science museum last thursday.a hundreds ofb two hundredc two hundred ofd two hundreds五.介词 :介词是一种虚词，它

34、不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词；同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同；因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们去逐个记住；只有在看懂、懂得整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词；例题解析 : mr. brown flew to washington the night before last.a inb onc atd /在表达某一天的详细时间时，应当用介词 “ on”；但是本句是表达 “在前天的夜里” ，与“在前天” the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以此题答案应当选“d ”；

35、the school gate is the north of the classroom building.a inb toc ond at在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“ in”；如： the playground is in the south of the school. （操场在学校的南面； ）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应当用介词“ on”；如： room 203 is on the west of room 205. （ 203 室在 205 室的西面；）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应当用介词“ to”；如： shang

36、hai is to the east of nanjing. （上海在南京的东面； ）此题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面，应当用介词“ to”，所以答案应当选“b ”； you ll get one thousand dollars .a after allb at allc in alld all together“ after all ”意为“究竟” 、“究竟”、“最终”；“at all”通常与“ not”连用，意为“完全不” 、“一点也不” ；“ in all ”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“ altogether”；所以此题答案应当选“c”； this bus can r

37、un 70 miles an hour.a forb withc atd in在表示“速度” 、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应当用介词“at”；所以此题答案应当选“c”； it s said he stayed there quietly two o clock that afternoon.a onb atc untild by“ at two o clockthat afternoon ”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“过去进行时”；“ by two o colck that afternoon ”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”， 时态通常用“过去完成时”；“ until two o cl

38、ock that after”no意on为“直到昨天下午两点钟” ， 时态通常用“一般过去时”；本句中“ stay”是连续动词，因此可用“until ”句型；假如句中谓 语是瞬时动词的话，就应当用“notuntil”句型了；所以此题答案应当选“c”； tom didn t attend the lecture yesterday evening his illns.esa asb forc becausedbecause of在本句中， “由于生病”是一个词语，而不是缘由状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as”、“ for ”或“ because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”；所以

39、此题答案应当选“d ”； now it s quite important us to make full use of time.a forb toc ofd with“ it s importatnot sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配， “ it sfor sb. to do”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的” ）是句型；当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型；所以此题答案应当选“a ”；同样，“ i like it so much that”句型中用“so”、而不用“ very ”，也属于这种类型的表达方式； it s nice you to get the tic

40、ket f1. it-race is versyseaxicdittihneg.cara of, forb for, forc of, ofd for, of这句是“ it sof sb. to”d句o 型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某事”；后半句中“ ticket for ”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子” ； 所以此题答案应当选“a ” ；习题训练 :choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案，用a 、b、c 或 d 表示，填入空格内: 1. you can draw it paints and brushes.a byb withc ind use 2. what

41、did you have breakfast.a asb withc aboutd for 3. the police helping to make our city a safe place to live and work .a is, inb are, inc is, /d are, / 4 . i ve got three question you to think about.a ofb forc gived to show 5. we can ask people the festival to do the quiz.a inb onc atd for 6. what happ

42、ens when we put some sugar a glass of warm water.a onb offc outd into 7. they arrived at the village after all.a at the endb in the endc lastd attentively 8. the class teacher was sent christmas cards some of the students.a to, byb / , byc to, fromd / , to 9 . q: what is that film .a likeb abouta: i

43、t s a science film.c ond for10. why not ask your friend some advice ifyou re really in trouble.a offerb to givec tod for11. the beautiful house is sale. but it won t be sale.a on, forb for, onc with, ford with, on 12. the weather here was cold last week.a a kindb a kind ofc kind ofd kinds of 13. the

44、 singing group is made four handsome lads.a ofb fromc up ofd up from14. something wrong my watch, i'm afraid.a is, withb is, inc are, withd are, in 15. there a man and two women the picture.a is, onb are, inc are, ond is, in16. mary doesn t know what lies ahead. , she s only 12.a at allb in allc

45、 after alld for all 17. should we the postage the parcel by ourselves.a pay, onb pay, ofc pay for, ond pay for, of18. alice her service to the public.a was awarded the prize forb was deserved to get the prize forc was proud ford was pleased for六.动词 :动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式八种时态主动语态被动语态 一般现在时常常 ,反复 ,爱好 ,特点 ,

46、条件 ,真理 do; doesam;is;are done一般过去时过去发生的事 ,不强调现在的结果did; -edwas;were done一般将来时将要发生的事 will dowill be done现在进行时 现在正在发生的事 am;is;are doing am;is;are being done过去进行时 当时正在发生的事 was;were doing was;were being done现在完成时 过去发生的事 ,强调现在的结果 have;has done have;has been done 过去完成时 过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事 had donehad been done

47、过去将来时 过去将要发生的事 would dowould be done*不 定 式 : do; not do; to do; not to do命令式 : do; don't do现在分词 : doing动名词 : doing过去分词 : done例题解析 : look. mary a nice dog. she it just now.a has drawn, drewb drew, has drawnc is drawing, drewd is drawing, has drawn在“ look ”、“it s evenin”g、“ where is sb.”.等句子后面，可能要

48、用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”；反正，要依据详细情形来详细分析，考虑问题肯定要从整体情形着眼；此题后半句“just now ”意为“刚才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意规律上的错误；前句用“现在完成时”才对；所以此题答案应当选“a ”； this kind of fridge very well.a sellb sellsc are soldd is sold在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示；由于本句主语“this kind of fridge ”是单数第三人称，所以此

49、题答案应当选“b ” ； what mr. smith. he looks worried so much.a happens withb happens toc happened withd happened to在英语中， “发生”通常可译为“happened”或“ took place”，要留意它不能变“被动语态”；此题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦虑；”因此，“发生”不能用表示常常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应当用“一般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达；所以此题答案应当选“d”； mary: shall i tell michael about th

50、e news.jack: no, you . he s already known it.a can tb mustn tc needn td don t此题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答；在“must i do.”、“ shall i do.”、“ would you like me to do.”问句后面都可以用 “ no, you needn t.”不必要 来回答； 此题依据后句的句意应当选此回答为妥；所以答案应当选 “ c”；在“ may i.”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1. no, you mustn t. 2.no, you may not. 3. sorry, you ca

51、n t. 4.i mafraid you can t. 5. no, you can t. clothes are usually near a fire in winter.a washed, hungb washed, hangedc washing, hungd washing, hanged“ washed”意为“被洗过的” ，可以修饰 “衣服”；“washing”意为“正在洗的” ，它该修饰人、 不该修饰 “衣服”；后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过去分词“hung ”才对；“ hanged”也是“ hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思是“被绞死”；所以此题答案应当选“a ” ； the

52、 book by me. i it to a friend of mine.a is written, sentb is written, have sentc was written, sentd was written, have sent“书是被某人写的” 、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作，该用一般过去时被动语态；如过说“书是被用英语写的” ，那就是指书的特点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了；后半句意为“我把它寄给伴侣了”是强调现在书不在我这里；不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完成时；这种类型的时态，同学最容 易错，千万要留意；英语中有很多动作是以前发生的、但

53、没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达；所以此题答案应当选“d”； mr. jackson the city quite well since he in the city for a couple of years.a knows, wasb has known, wasc knows, has beend has known, has been本句中的“ since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的；本句中的“since”意为“由于” ，与“ as”近义；依据句意， “熟识城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情形，要用“现在完成时”表达；所以此题答案应当选“c”； could you tell me