现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

1、For pers onal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use现在完成时讲解一、构成： 肯定式：主语 +助动词have/has +动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词 Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词？否定式：主语+助动词have/has + not +动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a）般情况下，直接力口ed,（work-worked ，water-watered,finish-finished 等;）b）以 辅音字母+ y '结尾的动词，把y变成i再加ed,（ carry- -carried study-s

2、tudied等；）c）以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。（stop-stopped，shop-shopped）d）以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加 d （过去分词不规则变化表： 二、用法： 用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词： already, never, ever, just, yet, before, once/twice/数字 + times例：I have cleaned my room.我已打扫了房间（房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了）They have left.-他们已经离开了 ，也就是说现在他们人不在这里I

3、 have never had a car （我从未有过汽车。）I have bee n there twice.a） already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。? He has already left here.他已经离开这里了。? Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）?My teachers haven ' t had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。? Have you written to your pare nts yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？

4、b）never是否定词，表示"从来没有"，而ever表示"曾经"? We have never been to the Great Wall.我们从来没有去过长城。?Have you ever been to Can ada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just用于句中，表示"刚刚”? I ' ve just had breakfast我刚吃完早饭。? What have they just done?他们刚刚做了什么？d）before用于句末，表示"以前"? I ve seen it before.我以前见过它。练习

5、：用 never， ever， already， before, just或 yet填空。1. I havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack hasfini shed his homework.3. -Have yousee n the film? -No, I havesee n it.4. -Has the bus left? -Yes, it hasleft.5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have bee n there has gon

6、e to, has been to, has been 的 区别:1. have/has gone to去了某地（还在某地没回来）-Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？-He has gone to Shanghai.他去上海了。2. have/has been to曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）+次数（once/twice/数字+times）My father has been to Shanghai 3 times.我爸爸去过上海 3 次。画线提问： has your father bee n to Shan ghai?3. have/has been in待了多

7、久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for +时间段/+ since +时间点My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths/ since two mon ths ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。 画线提问： has your father bee n in Shan ghai?注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in，这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad练习：用 have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。1. you everDisn

8、eyla nd?2. How many timesyouDisn eyla nd3. I Nanjing since two years ago4. Mr. Li Hong Kong. And he'll come back in two days.5. How longyouDisn eyla nd ?For three days. Ithe theme park last Sun day.6. My father7. My father8. My father9. My father10. My fatherHong Kong and he has n't come bac

9、k yet.11. Where's Lucy?She hasto a restaura nt for lun ch.12. Have youto this park before.13. I havethere only once this year.14. She hasto the shop to buy a no tebook.15. You're late, Lao Wang hasto Guan gzhou.用法二：表示过去已经开始 ，并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：up to now, so far,for +时间段since+寸间点I have learnt

10、 English for more than ten years.我已经学了 10 多年的英语。She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时a）for + 一段时间Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里 5 周了。He' s studied English for 3 years.他学习英语 3 年了。b）since +（表示过去某一时间的）时间点/单词/词组/从句（一般过去时）Eg. I have bee n here si nee 2000.我自从 2000 年开始在这里。I have been

11、here since 5 years ago.我自从 5 年前就在这里。I have bee n here si nee I graduated in 2000.我自从 2000 年毕业就在这里。注：1）对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long,决不能用 when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问：have you lived here?注2）:短暂性动词不能和 for或since引导的时间状语连用，当然也不能用于 how long引导的问句中 Eg.（误）I have left there for 5 years.（正）I

12、have bee n away there for 5 years.为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。becomet be,beginT have ,borrow tkeep,buy t have,go out t be outcome (go, arrive, get) t be indiet be dead,finish tbe over,joint be in (be a member of -)leaveT be away ( fromopenTbe ope ncloset be closed练习：选用for 禾口 since填空：1.We haven 

13、9;t see n each othe_a long time.2. His father has bee n in the Party10 years ago.3. The film has bee n on20 minu tes.4. Mr Gree n has worked herehe came to China.5. His gran dpare nts have bee n deadseveral years.6. It ' s five years met last time.三、与一般过去时的用法比较1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本

14、身，而是 强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如 现在的结果，影响，一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连 |;而一般过 去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。|eg： He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an En glish-Chi nese dictio nary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“ He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it ”“过去他

15、买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。2.常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语 yesterday（昨天）, the day before yesterday（前天）, just now（刚才），时间+ ago, last +时间 等；eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We fini shed our task last week .现在完成时练习题单项选择1. I have been living here佃99.A. for B. after C

16、. in D. since2. have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.A. How soon B How long C. How far D. How often3. may I keep these books? For two weeks.A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon4. have you been here? 'e been here for months.A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many5. Th

17、e boyTV all morning.A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched6. How longyoustamps? Since two years ago.A. have, collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D. are, collecting7. They are still working in the fields. Theyfor two hours.A. was working B. has been working C. w

18、orked D. are working8. He looks tired. Oh , hefor three hours.A. have been skating B. have been skated C. has been skating D. has been skated9. Heit for two hours, and he is still watching now.A. has been B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching10. The famous writerone new book in the past tw

19、o years.A. is writing B. was writingC. wroteD. has written11. Harry Potter is a very nice film . Iit twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see12. His fatherthe Party since 佃 78.A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in13. How long have you here? About two months.A. been B. gone C. come D.

20、arrived14. Hurry up ! The playfor ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15 Itten years since he left the army.A. is B. has C. will D. was16. My parents Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been17. has Mr White been a member of Greener

21、China since heto ChinaA. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far , arrived18. His unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 19.Sarah has been sleeping2:00 pm.A. for B. at C. in D. since20.The students have

22、cleaned the classroom?A. so they B. don t theyC. have they D. haven'tthey二. 句型转换：1.1 have bee n watchi ng the football match for half an hour（戈 H线提问）you been watching the football match?2. He has been studying Japanese for two years同义句转换)He has been studying Japanesetwo years.3. We started the p

23、arty two hours ago.(戈U线提问)youthe party?4. The old manlast year.Hefor a year. (die)(动词填空)5. Do you swim every day?(用 for two hours 改写)you for two hours.6. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gaoan hour.7. Her mother has been a Party member for three years (同义句)Her motherthe Party three years .8. Th

24、e Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)two yearsthe Gree n family moved to France.三、动词填空1. you(clean) the room?Yes, we(do) that already.Whe nyou(do) it?We(do) it an hour ago.2. he(see) this film yet? Yes.Whenhe(see) it?Heit last week.3. How many timesyou(be) there?四、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了?7. 这车你买多长时间了？三年