八年级英语下册第二单元知识点

1、学习必备欢迎下载unit 2i ll help to clean up the city parks一、基本学问点1. sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child【区分 ill 】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语；mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋；兴奋起来the good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give ou

2、t 分发；散发，相当于hand out， the teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb.意为；4. volunteer【名词】理想者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.，the girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 常做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生；there used to be a cinema h

3、ere.they told me stories about the past and how things used to be.6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情颜色：the musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤独孤寂的，带有很强的感情颜色，可做表语或定语；the lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照管；照管care 【名词】当心，关怀take care of=look after 【动词】 care about s

4、b./sth.关怀，在意某人/事 【形容词】 careful/ careless 【副词】 carefully8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day/such an exciting matchsuch+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词：such important decisionssuch delicious food假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用 such： so many sick children/ so little time9. try

5、out for参与选拔，争取成为thirty football players tried out for the best player of the year. try out 试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world【名词】 traveler 旅行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth.be busy doing sth.学习必备欢迎下载12.【复习】 try doing sth.try to do sth.try ones best to do

6、sth.13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.14. raise money 集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词，保留（某物） ；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】 broken 破旧的，出毛病的；blind 瞎的，失明的；deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的，丢失才能的在句中做定语和表语：17. make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能， you helped

7、to make it possible for me to have lucky. make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much 等修饰，如the rain made no difference to the game.hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表

8、示抽象意义的“困难”时为不行数；表示详细的“难题、难事”时为可数； have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth.20. train 【动词】训练，trained 为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth.，everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】 excited 意为，在句中做；exciting 意为，在句中做；22. order【名词】命令，指示；次序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the o

9、rder，；23. change【动词】变化，转变it s hard for a person to change his lifestyle.【名词】变化；零钱change a for b 用 a 换成 b： when you travel in china, remember to change us dollars for rmb.24. repair【动词】修理，修补；fix 【动词】安装；使固定【 fix up 修理 =repair】二、重要单词、短语1. several2.satisfaction3. understand4. imagine5. traingive 短语小结1.

10、give up doing2. give out3. give away4. give inup 短语小结1. give up2. clean up3. cheer up4. fix up5. set up6. put up7. get up8. stay up late学习必备欢迎下载9. come up with10.take up doing sth.out 短语小结1. give out2. hand out3. try out4. go out5. eat out6. hang out7. find out8. get out of9. come out三、重点语法动词不定式a. 作

11、主语 为防止句子的头重脚轻，常用it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置；常用句型： it +be+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do sth./it takes sb. some time to do sth.b. 作宾语 动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare 常接动词不定式作宾语；c. 作（后置）定语 常用于 “ have/has sth. to do 或”“ enough 名 to do”“ it s time to d等o结st构h.中；”d. 作宾语

12、补足语 tell,ask, want,invite,teach, like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构；【留意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to：“一感 feel ，二听 listen to, hear ，三让 let, make, have,，四看 look at, see, watch, notice ，半帮忙 help ”；e. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或缘由；为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加 in or

13、der to或 so as to为了“，目的是”；常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 等；f. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的有： had better not do sth./would you like to do sth./why not do sth./would you please not do sth.等；专项训练题一、挑选适当答案；1. is difficult to work out the maths problem.a. thisb. thatc. itd. its2. we decided at the end of this mont

14、h.a. travelb. not start outc. to leaved. going3. they have no paper .a. to writeb. to write withc. write ond .to write on4. let him a rest. i think he must be tired after the long walk.a. hasb. havec. to have5. the computer is a problem.a. how to useb. what to usec. where to used. which to use6. the

15、 teacher told us in bed.a. don t readb. read notc. to not readd. not to read7. the old man was angry say a word.a. so, thatb. as, asc. too, tod. very, to学习必备欢迎下载8. why home tomorrow.a. not gob. not goingc. not to god. didn t go9. the tv set is too loud. will you please .a. turn down itb. turn it dow

16、nc. to turn it down10. it s cold outside. you had better your coat.a. to put on b. putting onc. puts ond. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空；1. it took half an hourget to the world park from kitty s school.2. it was interesting see so many places of interest from all over the world.3. they want save time by using shorter words and phrases.4. kitty s classmate daniel taught hlifmhs