高中英语语法之时态和语态学案

1、1 高中英语语法之时态和语态一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: 1. he often_ (ride) a bike to school. 2. he_ (be) from germany. 3.you_ (look) tired today. 4.they_ (speak) english fluently. 5. practice_ (make) perfect. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 表示经常性或习惯性的动作; 表示现在的情况或状态; 表主语具备的性格、特征和能力; 表示普遍真理和自然规律或者格言警句; 常与副词always, every time, now and then,

2、occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用动词第三人称加s/es的规则）1.一般情况下直接加s 例如 : walk-walks visit-visits 2. 以 s,x，ch，sh 结尾的动词加es 例如 : wash-washes watch-watches 3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 ,把 y 改为 i,再加 es,例如 : study-studies try-tries 但是不以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词直接加s ，例如： playplays enjoy-enjoys 4.特殊的如： gogoes dodoes 一般现在时的

3、特殊用法1.the teacher told us that the earth _(travel) around the sun. 2. there_ (go) the bell. 3. if it (rain）tomorrow, we shall stay at home. if it _ (rain）tomorrow, we shall go on a picnic. 4.he ll let you know as soon as he( hear) from him. 5. our school_ (begin) in september. 6.the train_ (leave) a

4、t 10:00 a.m tomorrow. 7. he _(be) always ready to help others. 8. the window _(be) dirty so you don t need to clean it. 1.在宾语从句中, 如果从句表达的是普遍真理和自然规律或者格言警句, 则不受主句时态的影响, 仍然用一般现在时 . 2.在倒装句中 , 用一般现在时要注意主主谓一致; 3.在以 when, till/ until, as soon as, after, before, if, unless, once, even if 等引导的状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用

5、一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。4. 一般现在时表示将来表示不可改变已安排好或规定的活动,时刻表二、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: he_ (run) on the playground now. so he _(study) in the classroom. we_ (have) a sports meeting these days. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 表示现在 (说话的瞬间 )正在发生或进行的动作; 表示现阶段正在进行或存在的状态。动词加 ing 的规则：1).一般情况下直接加ing play-playing 2).以字母 e 结尾的单词

6、 ,e不发音 ,去 e 加 ing have -having dancedancing 3)以重读闭音节结尾,后面有一个辅音字母的,双写辅音字母,再加 ing put putting begin beginning swim swimming run running occur- occurring prefer-preferring drag- dragging bid-bidding ban-banning dig-digging jog-jogging 现在进行时的特殊用法1. ladies and gentlemen, please turn off your cell phones.

7、 the plane_ (take off). 2. we_ (leave for)beijing tomorrow. 3. china_ (become) stronger and stronger. 4. he_ always_ (complain) about life. 5. john_ constantly _ (help) others. 6. the price_ (go up) recently. 7. the trees_ (grow up) quickly. 1. 现在进行时表即将发生的动作; 2. 表示逐渐发展的过程; 3. 表示一种不满或喜爱的情感; 4. 表持续不断的

8、动作; 三、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: 1.she_ (go) to work on the farm next week. 2. i_ (send) you the book soon. 3.we_ (go) fishing this weekend. 4. fish_ (die) without water. 5. the light is still on, i_ (go) and turn it off. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态; 表示打算 ,准备 ,计划将要做 ; 表示倾向性 ,习惯性 ;必定发生 ; 表示意愿 ; 用一般现在时,现在进行时和

9、一般将来时填空1. bill gates often_ (use) this computer, but he_ (use) it at present. 2. i don t know when suzan_ (return), but when she_ (return), i_ (let) you know.2 3. even if it_ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting_ (take place). 4. _ (set) your alarm o clock, or you will oversleep.四、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: i_ (

10、be) a student 5 years ago. we_ (see) an exciting football match yesterday. he often_ (go) to swim in the river when he_ (be) young. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 表示发生在过去特定时间的动作或状态,与现在没有联系; 表示过去经常发生的动作; 动词过去式的构成: 规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如： playplayed, offer offered, weigh weighed, d

11、estroy destroyed, signsigned. (2) 在以字母e 结尾的动词后，只加-d。如： likeliked, provide provided, hate hated, datedated。(3) 在以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的动词后，则改y 为 i，再加 ed。如： supplysupplied, fly flied, study studied. (4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -ed。如： planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned

12、. 五、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: we_ (have) class at 10 o clock yesterday morning. on a cold morning, a hunter_ (walk) through a forest. 用法 : 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作; 用于故事中情节，场面的描述用一般过去时, 过去进行时填空: 1.the fireman_ (go) towards the fire, which _ still_ (smoke). 2. when i_ (enter) the room, he_ (not see) me, for he_ (r

13、ead) something with great interest. 3. we_ (have) supper when someone_ (knock) the door. 4. he_ (get) injured when he_ (ride) a horse. 5. he_ (fall) asleep while he_ (watch) tv. 6. i_(be) too busy, otherwise i could go with you. i_(be) too busy, otherwise i could have gone with you. 短暂性 v. 常用一般过去时,

14、持续性 v. 常用进去进行时; 用一般过去时, 过去将来时填空: 1. in his letter, he_ (tell) me that he_(take) the college entrance examination this year. 2. he said that he_ (not go) with us if he_ (be) too busy. 3. they promised that they_(bring) us all the necessary books. 六、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: i_ (lose) my key, so i can t open the

15、 door. he_ already_ (finish) his homework. he_ (learn) english for 10 years. i_ (live) here since i was born. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与 ever, never, twice, already, yet, just, before, recently, lately, so far, in the last/past year(s)等连用 .2. 表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,常与 for+ 段时

16、间 , since+ 时间状语从句连用; 用一般过去时, 现在完成时填空: 1.i don t want to see the film because i _ already_ (see) it? 2. so far we _(plant) more than 3,000 trees there. 3. we_ (know) each other since we_ (study) in the middle school. 4. in the past ten years, great changes_ (take) place in my hometown. 5. it is 10 ye

17、ars since we_ (know) each other. 6. this is the second time that he_ (win) the first prize. 7. this is the best novel i_ ever_ (read). 8. it is high time that we_ (take) action. 七、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: 1.the movie_ (begin) before we arrived the cinema 2.we_ (learn)3000 words by the end of last term. 3.the

18、task was much harder than we_ (expect). 4. he_ hardly_(reach) home when it_ (begin) to rain. 5. i_ (hope) to pass the exam, but i failed. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 :动作发生在一个过去的动作之前“ 过去的过去 ”, 常与 by +过去时间状语或 when, before引导的从句连用 ; 表示未实现的希望 ,打算 ,意图 ,诺言等。常用had hoped /planned / meant /intended/though /wanted / expecte

19、d等3 八、用括号里的词的适当形式填空: 1.we_ (study) in yingde no.1 high school since 2011. 2. he_ in the rain for half an hour and he is tired out. 3. cctv_ (broadcast) english programmes ever since 1977. 4. -you look so tired. yes, i_ (paint) my house all day and i will finish it tomorrow. 肯定形式否定形式结构：用法 : 表示从过去某一时间

20、开始,一直延续到现在还可能延续下去,强调动作的延续性, 而现在完成时表示动作已经结束 . 用括号里的词的适当形式填空: 1. by the end of this term, we_ (finish) learning unit 18. 2. by the end of last term, we_(finish) learning unit 18. 3. at the end of the last term, we_ (finish) learning unit 18. 4. dont visit your uncle at 8 o clock tomorrow morning, beca

21、use he_ (have) a meeting at that time. 5. -shall we go shopping at 4 o clock tomorrow afternoon? -sorry. i_(watch) a football match then. 重点时态： (以动词 make 为例，写出其在各种时态中的形式) 一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时将来完成时将来进行时强化训练 : 1. the yangtze river _ (flow) into the east china sea. 2. christm

22、as _(fall) on a sunday next year. 3. dont be late, mike; the train _(start) at 8 a.m. 4. the boy _ ( draw) a picture now. 5. kate _(review) her lessons at eight last night. 6. this time next day they _(sit) in the cinema. 7. at this time tomorrow, i _(lie) on the beach. 8. you _(have)an english clas

23、s at 9 o clock tomorrow.9. it s a long time since we _ (meet) last time , isn t it ？10. - i know you _ (buy) a picture book . -yes, have a look at it, please 11. so far, we _ (plant) many thousands of trees. 12. by the time he came we _ (work) for two hours. 13. it is time that you _(go) to bed. 14.

24、 i would rather you _(come) tomorrow. 15. this machine _(not work). it hasn t worked for years.16. he _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. 17. -have you known dr. jackson for a long time? -yes, since he _(join) the chinese party. 18. .i called lucy many times yesterday evenin

25、g, but i couldn t get through. her brother _(talk) on the phone all the time. 19. we first met on a train in 2000. we both felt immediately that we _(know) each other for years. 选择题 : 1. i ll phone you if she_ this evening. in fact she didn t tell me if she_. a. would com will come b. will come; cam

26、e c. comes; would come d. come; came 2. since i won the big prize, my telephone hasn t stopped ringing. people_ to ask how i am going to spend the money a. phone b. will phone c. were phoning d. are phoning 3. the wet weather will continue tomorrow， when a cold front to arrive. a. is expected b. is

27、expecting c. expects d. will be expected 4.david_ more of the others than himself. he sets a good example to us all. a. is always thinking b. is thoughtc. was always thinking d. is thinking 5. how can i apply for an online course? just fill out this form and we what we can do for you. a. see b. are

28、seeingc. have seen d. will see 6. this machine .it hasn t worked for years.4 a. didn t workb. wasn t workingc. doesn t work d. isn t working7. leave at the end of this month. i don t think you should do that until another job.a. i m going to; you d foundb. i m going to; you ve foundc. i ll; you ll f

29、indd. i ll; you d find8. look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 4026 off at 1820. a. takes b. tookc. will be taken d. has taken 9. in a room above the store，where a party_ ，some workers are busily setting the table. a. is to be held b. has been held c. will be held d. is being held 10. are you stil

30、l busy? -yes, i_ my work; and it won t take long. a. just finish b. am just finishing c. have just finished d. am just going to finish 11. if he had focused on the work yesterday, he could have accomplished it. but he_ all day. a. had chatted b. has been chatting c. is chatting d. chatted 12. i saw

31、jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. impossible. she tv with me in my home then. a. watched b. had watchedc. would watch d. was watching 13.i don t believe you ve already finished reading the book i it to you this morning! a. would lend b. was lending c. had lent d. lent 14

32、. i in london for many years ，but i ve never regretted my final decision to move back to china.a. lived b. was living c. have lived d. had lived 15.-oh, it s you! i_ you. - i ve just had my hair cut and i m wearing new glasses. a. didn t recognize b. hadn t recognized c. haven t recognized d. don t

33、recognize 16. the moment i got home ， i found i my jacket on the playground. a. had left b. left c. have left d. was leaving 17. so far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. a. saw b. seec. had seen d. have seen 18. you him around the museum yet?yes. we had a great time th

34、ere. a. have; shown b. do; show c. had; shown d. did; show 19. large quantities of fish _ in the river in the past few days. a. were caught b. was caught c. has been caught d. have been caught 20.as the saying goes, one is never too old to learn. after he _, he will devote himself to gardening. a. r

35、etired b. has retired c. will retired. had retired 21. i m sure andrew will win the first prize in the final. i think so. he for it for months. a .is preparing b. was preparingc. had been preparing d. has been preparing 22. i have got a headache.no wonder. you in front of that computer too long. a.

36、work b. are working c. have been working d. worked 23. police are now searching for a woman who is reported to_ since the flood hit the area last friday. a. have been missing b. have got lost c. be missing d. get lost 24. by the time jane gets home, her aunt_ for london to attend a meeting. a. will

37、leave b. leaves c. will have left d. left 25. by the time he retires, professor li_ for almost 36 years. a. will teach b. has taught c. will be teaching d. will have taught 26. that dinner was the most expensive meal we_. a. would have b. have had c. have never had d. had ever had 被动语态 : 主语跟谓语动作是一个被

38、动关系. 形式: be + 过去分词，get / become + 过去分词用法 : 1）不知道动作的执行者是谁或没必要说明动作的执行者时。2）当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时。3) 记忆歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到. 时态被动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时含情态动词5 句型变换1. mary is making a dress at the moment. - a dress _ at the moment by mary. 2. victor is writing a novel

39、this year. -a novel _this year by victor. 3. the workers were mending the road. - the road_ by the workers.4. we have watered all the flowers. -all the flowers _by us. 5. the government has designed a new program to help disabled people . - a new program _to help disabled people . 6. they are going

40、to build the stone bridge next year. - the stone bridge _ next year. 7. the manger won t complete the project in a week. - the project _in a week by the manager. 用被动语态的各种形式填空：1. the town_(surround) by ranges of mountains. 2. rome_(not build) in a day. 3. have an aim i life, or you energies_(waste).

41、4. the asian games_(hold) these days. 5. the thief_(question) this time yesterday. 6. the room_(clean) so far. 7. i couldn t go to the party because i_(invite). 8. a man _(must not judge) by his appearance, just as the ocean _ (can not measure) in gallons( 加仑 ). 9.the ceremony _(hold) tomorrow. 10.t

42、rees _(plant) every year. 11.i didn t expected that i would _(interview)12.all the tickets_ (sell) out when they rushed there. 13. this is not an easy job and can t _(finish) in such a short time.14. professor james will give us a lecture on western culture, but when and where_ ( not decide) yet. 强化

43、训练 : 1. why did you leave that position? -i_ a better position at ibm. a. offer b. offered c. am offered d. was offered 2. do you have any problems if you this job? well，i m thinking about the salary.a. offer b. will offer c. are offered d. will be offered 3. no decision about any future appointment

44、 until all the candidates have been interviewed. a. will be made b. is made c. is being made d. has been made 4. i like these english songs and they many times on the radio. a. taught b. have taughtc. are taught d. have been taught 5. a friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday ,only to f

45、ind it _. a. be broken into b. was broken intoc. had broken into d. had been broken into 6. with the help of high technology ，more and more new substances in the past years. a discovered b. have discovered c. had been discovered d. have been discovered 7. have you handed in your schoolwork yet?yes，i

46、 have. i guess it now. a. has graded b. is gradedc. is being graded d. is grading 8. at the end of the meeting ，it was announced that an agreement . a. has been reachedb. had been reached c. has reachedd. had reached 9. although the causes of cancer ，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent i

47、t. a. are being uncovered b. have been uncovering c. are uncovering d. have uncovered 10. tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home a. shout at b. to shout at c. shouted at d. to be shouted at 11.i got caught in the rain and my suit . a. has ruined b. had ruined c. has been ruined d. had

48、 been ruined 12. as the years passed，many occasions birthdays，awards ，graduations with dad s flowers.a. are marked b. were marked c. have marked d. had marked 13. your job open for your return. thanks. a. will be kept b. will keepc. had kept d. had been kept 14.all the machines _ by the end of the f

49、ollowing week. a . were repaired b . would be repaired c . will have been repaired d. were being repair 15. i don t suppose the police know who did it. well，surprisingly they do. a man has been arrested and now. a .has been questioned b .is being questioned c .is questioning d. has questioned 16. sa

50、rah，hurry up! i m afraid you can t have time to before the party. a. get changed b. get change c .get changing d .getting change 17. it is said that the early european playing cards for entertainment and education. a. were being designed b. have designedc. have been designed d. were designed 6 主动形式表

51、被动意义用括号内的词的适当形式填空:1.these flowers_ (smell) very nice. einstein s theory_ (prove) to be correct. 2. work_ (begin) at 7olock this morning . the shop_ (close) at 6 p.m 3. the door won t_ (shut/lock). the supermarket doors_ (shut) automatically. 4. my coat_ (wash) easily. that book_ (sell) well. 5. grea

52、t changes_ (take place) in the past 20 years. the war_ (break out)in 1936. 6. it is well known that taiwan_ (belong to) china. the uk_(consist of) 4 countries. 7. he is easy to_ (get along with) . this kind of water isn t fit to_(drink) 8. his watch is out of order and needs_ (repair) the book is no

53、t worth_ (read). i feel it is your husband who is_(blame) for the spoiled child. 9.the room_(measure) forty feet long. the bag_ (weigh) 100 kilogram. 归纳总结：1、某些系动词，如look, taste, sound, feel (摸上去 )smell, prove ,appear, remain, stay 等; 2、表示开始、结束，运动，发生的动词，如begin, start, open, close, shut 等; 3、wash, sell

54、, burn, wear, write, read, clean, dry, run 等, 与 well ，easily 等副词连用时，说明主语的某种属性(特征、性质或状态等)。4. open, shut, lock, move 等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：5、不及物动词或不及物短语动词，如happen, take place, come about, wear out, break out, disappear, last, arise, wear out , break down等。6、某些静态及物动词不用于被动语态，如 belong to, add

55、up to, date from, consist of , possess ( 占有 ), lack ( 缺乏 )等。7.主语 +be +adj(easy/hard /difficult/pleasant /comfortable)+to do 8. need/require/want +doing=to be done be worth doing sb is to blame for 9. measure, weigh 意思为 :测量为 ; 重达时 ; 做题提示 :一些无被动的词做定语和状语时,用 ing 形式1.a big black bear _(weigh)300 pound was spotted nearby. 2._ (consist of)three parts ,the novel is a very interesting one. 3. (taste)good ,the apples are sold out quickly. 4.the flowers_ (sme