机械外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策（精品文档）

1、numerical control technology and equiping development trend andcountermeasureequip engineering level , level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most

2、 advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation , spaceflight,etc. national defense industry industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. marx has ever said n the differences of different economic times, do no

3、t lie in what is produced，and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor n. manufacturing technology and equiping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips

4、 the most central technology nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends . in addition every

5、industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country.1 development trend of a numerical control technologythe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revo

6、lutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (it , automobile , light indu

7、stry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peopled livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. numerical control technology in the world at present and

8、equiping the development trend to see, there is the following four respect in its main research focus .li a high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equippedthe efficiency , quality are subjavanufacturing technology high-speed , high finish machining technology can raise the effic

9、iency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive powe匚 japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (cirp ) to confirm it as

10、the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering in the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; in

11、 the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . a

12、dopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank h pay empty h make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage 5etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet, screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the com

13、ponent improved. all these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed , high precise and high flexibility.1.2 become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently , openly , networkedlilythe numerical control equipment in the 21st

14、century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: it is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is prod

15、uced automatically; join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; the ones that simplifi

16、ed programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; there are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.produce the existin

17、g problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. a lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as ngc of u.s.a. (the next generation work-station/machine control),

18、osaca of european community (open system architecture for control within automation systems), osec (open system environment for controller) of japan, onc (open numerical control system) of china ,etc. the numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. t

19、he so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use user

20、s specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. system structure norm of the open numerical control system at present

21、, communication norm , disposing norm 、 operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing ,etc. is the core of present research?2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control o

22、f our countrythe technology of numerical control of our country started in 195& the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: the first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. in this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade

23、 and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. during " sixth five-year plan period", "the seventh five-year plan period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in n the eighth five-year plan perio

24、d namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. at this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environ

25、ment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. the third stage is and during the n ninth five-year plan period n on the later stage in "the eighth five-year plan period n of t

26、he country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage at this stage , made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. in latter stage for ” the ninth five-year plan the domestic occupation rate of mar

27、ket of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular).make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 f

28、ive-year plans, all in all has made following achievements.a.have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane a

29、nd fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.b.have formed the industrial base of numerical con

30、trol tentatively. in tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize， set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in central china , numerical control of the spaceflight etc. electrical

31、 machinery plant of lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of beijing , the first machine tool plant of jinan，etc several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in central china,etc. these factor

32、ies have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically.watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level-a. on the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced le

33、vel in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology b. on the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; the specialized level of production of function

34、part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; appearance quality is relatively poor; dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; one's own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidenc

35、e.it is analysed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respecta.realize the respect. know to industry's process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; it is difficult to underestimate to ad

36、d strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market; it is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.b.system. pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numeric

37、al control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one 、industry chain in terms of technology; have not set up related system , perfect training , service network of intact high quality .etc. and supported the system.3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology

38、and industrialized development of numerical control of our country3.1 strategic considerationour country make big country, industry is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try one's best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advancedly, ot

39、herwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and h leave the core spaces m. we regard resource , environment , market as the cost, it is only an international h machining center h in the new economic pattern of t

40、he world to exchange the possibility got and n assemble the centre 鳥 but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.we should stand in the height of national security

41、strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industryfs question,at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people's living standar

42、d but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; secondly seen from national defence security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of th

43、e country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, n toshiba incident h and n cox reporth is the best illustration.3.2 development tacticsproceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of

44、national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equiping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equiping industry and support t

45、echnology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21 st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equiping industry as the content of research and development.emphasize market deman

46、d is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine 、high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , digitized machinery of model,

47、 key industry key equipment 5etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially the dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , high speed electric main shaft system and new- enclosure tha

48、t equip .etc. ) and production scale question. there are no products that scale will not have high dependability ; will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up one's head finally that there is no scale chinese nume

49、rical control equipment.in equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly， should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard h drawing, using, selling n as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in o

50、rder to solve the needing badly of the country.数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程 度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业(如信息技术及其产业、 生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业)的使能技术和最基本的装备。 马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用 什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料， 而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广 泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多

51、变市场的适应能力和竞 争能力。此外世界上各个工业发达国家还将有关技术列为国家的战略方针实施。1数控的发展趋势1. 1高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率, 提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术 研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会(cirp)将其确定为 21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40 秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工 业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有 在高切削速度和切

52、削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大 型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件 通过众多的钾钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到 提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。1.2智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控 系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自 适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前 馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化 编程

53、、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还 有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数 控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式 数控系统进行研究，如美国的 ngc(the next generation work-station/machine control)、欧共体的 osaca(open system architecture for control within automation sys terns)、日 本的 osec (open system environment for control ler), 中国的onc(open numerical control system)等。数控系统开放化已经成为数 控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行 平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能）, 形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速 实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目 前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统 功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心