聂晋阳托福听力PPT课件

1、新托福听力基本信息 托福听力考试形式 考试特殊性补充说明第1页/共80页托福听力考试形式 1 Conversation + 2 Lecture = 1 Section（10min） Conversation 校园生活（5题） Lecture学科讲座（6题） 2 Sections (OR 3 Sections)第2页/共80页特殊性补充 先听后做 集中精力，听清层次，预知考点 合理笔记 过河卒 听力强度分析 考试干扰 分数（28/24-2624/17-22）第3页/共80页托福听力分析 听力题型： 单选题 多选题 部分重听 排序 表格ETS对考生三项要求听力低分原因发音规律不熟悉词汇量不足快语速

2、第4页/共80页听力题型 单选题第5页/共80页听力题型 多选题第6页/共80页听力题型 部分重听第7页/共80页听力题型 排序题第8页/共80页听力解析 表格第9页/共80页听力能力三项要求 Basic Comprehension (70%) Gist + Details Pragmatic Understanding (20%) Function + Stance Connective Information (10%) Summarization + Categorization第10页/共80页听力低分原因 发音规律不熟悉 卷舌 come over;source;course 音变a:

3、 - class;forecast;rather hypothesis;chocolate;Scotland 连读 lots of friendscome up with come on inkeep in mind tell himstay up第11页/共80页听力低分原因 词汇量不足 阅读： 看到认识即可 新托福词汇精选集中记忆，大量重复 听力： 语音识别力 眼睛耳朵都要熟悉第12页/共80页听力低分原因 不能适应快语速 数字概念 VOA Standard English : 200 VOA Special English : 100 托福听力语速 : 150 如何适应 跟读，模仿 耳朵

4、比嘴巴快 电影，美剧，TED Friends （对话较多）第13页/共80页提高听力基础能力 听写是提高听力基础能力的重要途径 因为很痛苦 2个月 听力存储力，瞬间理解力 方法 沪江网站 自己听写 听写材料：TPO/老托福Part B, C/美国科学 60s 总体听一遍之后，听一句写一句 如果不行，给自己三次机会 最终check第14页/共80页提高听力基础能力 具体操作 比对纠错（红色=漏听+错听，蓝色=拼错，绿色=生词） 大量反复跟读 听写实例 But as I was about to say, theres more to the story. The tundra is windy,

5、 and the snow is blown across the tun(tundra) ,its caught by shru shrubs. And deep snow drifts often form around shrubs. And weve already mentioned the insuloting (insulating) effect of snow .So that extra warmth means even more macrobial (microbial) activity, which means even more food for the shru

6、bs, which means even more shrubs and more snow around etc.Its a circle, a lp(loop). And because of this lp（loop), which is promoted by warmer temperatures in winter and spring, well, it looks like the tundra may be turning into shr(shurb) land.第15页/共80页长对话 考试范围 出题原则 问题分析 对话考点第16页/共80页长对话考试范围 Office

7、Hour (学生 VS 教授) 作业Assignment 论文Paper 实习Internship 课程Course Service Encounter (学生 VS 职员) 图书管理员 Librarian 注册员Register 学习顾问 Advisor 行政人员 Administrator第17页/共80页长对话出题原则 掐头去尾 开头30s，听对话目的 结尾30s，单结尾题第18页/共80页长对话出题原则 大段独白 当某人连续3-5句独白处多出题 独白多为解释说明 建议及意见 教师和职员提出的建议和意见常在对话后方出现 对话纠结处 态度题/解决方案 特殊语气处第19页/共80页长对话问题

8、分析 学生有什么问题问老师/工作人员（长对话主旨） 长对话主旨句型 I have a problem/issue I was wondering I cant seem to able to I was hoping that I could If only I could I want to talk with you about 学生找老师/工作人员的目的才是对话主旨第20页/共80页长对话问题分析 老师建议 细节题 Couldnt/Shouldnt/Wouldnt you ? How/What about ? Why not/dont ？ I usually/often/always I

9、 suggest Youd better 第21页/共80页长对话问题分析 学生对于建议的态度 肯定系列 Fascinating Catching Instructive Stimulating Thought-provoking 否定系列 I am overwhelmed/swamped by I am tied up with第22页/共80页长对话问题分析 结尾原则 建议/为什么建议 附加考点 工作人员对该场所政策，规定方面的介绍L: Actually, you need to return it today. That is if you want to check out those

10、 books today. Thats our policy. S: Oh, I didnt know that. L: Yeah, not a lot of people realize that. In fact, every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they havent returned books. Theyre allowed to use books only in the library. Theyre not

11、allowed to check anything out because of unreturned books. S: Thats not good. I guess I should hand back onto the dorm right now then.第23页/共80页长对话对话考点 对话逻辑层次 长对话是有层次的 注意总结过度句 长对话的主旨是主动发起对话者想解决的问题 细节题考察的是重要细节 注意言外之意和态度 对语气词总结，升降调的把握（老师和学生）第24页/共80页长对话补充 什么叫做重要细节 为了保证所有人都能知道考点所在 提示 提示性：I think./The pr

12、oblem is.（解释说明） 状语型：As./In the end./From what I read.（归纳总结） 连词型：So./Therefore./But./However.（多重功能） 强调型：It isthat/so that（强调要点） Really?/Oh my god（态度）第25页/共80页长对话范例 1.why does the man go to see the professor To hand in a late assignment To find out about jobs in the department To discuss Dean Adams cu

13、rrent research To volunteer to help organize an event第26页/共80页长对话范例 2.how did the man learn about Dean Adams retirement? He read about it in an e-mail message It was posted on a bulletin board He heard other students discussing it Dean Adams announced it in her class第27页/共80页长对话范例 3.why does the pro

14、fessor refuse the mans offer to help with a party? Click on 2 answers Two people are already working on it She prefers that he spend his time on another project The party does not require much preparation Dean Adams is not permanently leaving the department第28页/共80页长对话范例 听力中的数字概念 a couple of两个 decad

15、e十年 dozen一打，十二个 fortnight 两周 decimal十进制的，小数第29页/共80页长对话范例 4.why does the professor talk about speciation? To describe the main focus of the work she needs help with To tell the man about a new research area in ethnology To explain what Dean Adams chose to work on in Indonesia To demonstrate how vari

16、ed Dean Adams research has been第30页/共80页长对话范例 5.why does the professor say this( ) To express doubt about the mans qualifications for the project To ask the man if he would be willing to work on the project To ask the man to recommend someone for the project To apologize for not being able to offer

17、the project to the man第31页/共80页长演讲 考试范围 出题原则 问题分析 演讲考点 分类讲解第32页/共80页长演讲考试范围 考试范围 OG版本 艺术类Art 生命科学类Life Science 自然科学Physical Science 社会科学Social Science 整理版 生命科学：动物，植物，生态，人体基因等 自然科学：地质，环境科学，海洋，气象，火山等 艺术类： 音乐，建筑，雕塑，绘画，电影等 历史类： 发明发展史，艺术史，美国史，著名历史事件 其他： 语言学，人类学第33页/共80页长演讲出题原则 只考重要信息，不考琐碎信息 大家都认可的重要信息 重要

18、信息的集中体现 Lecture非一盘散沙，要听清层次 一个层次的开始及结束（预测考题内容） 考点间的切换（不漏题，排除错误选项） 一篇文章45个层次 Lecture重必要科学词汇&轻生僻学科知识第34页/共80页长演讲出题原则 出题原则和正确选项原则 顺序原则 先听先考，后听后考 多选题以最后一个听到的选项为准 选项原则 看每个选项时，要在心中默默翻译给自己听，要一句一句翻译，放慢做题速度，选定一个选项后再要闻自己是否听到此细节 救命技巧 选择和主题一致的选项 相似相反原则 相同位置相同单词（3个以上）正确答案其中之一第35页/共80页长演讲问题分析 主旨题 主旨句直接引出（最常见）

19、Today, we are going to talk about Id like to begin my lecture by introducing Lets focus on/Lets now take a look at Today, well center on 问答式提出（较常见） 全篇大意推导（少，抓重复概念） 主要难点： 如果开头没有主题句，则需要总结全篇内容 注意 全篇重复的词汇、概念；结尾段的观点/总结性内容第36页/共80页长演讲问题分析 在选择主旨题答案时需要注意的问题 要注意选择概括性的答案 Topic选项也可能是整句也可能为名词性结构，而若为名词性结构多会包含一些带

20、summary含义的词 History, Development, Background information, Origin, Features, Characteristics, Invention等 典型结构： the + 信号词 + 介词 + sth. 慎选比较概念的答案 尽量根据讲座开头内容做出选择第37页/共80页长演讲问题分析 细节题 数字/时间 原因，结果，让步 转折 细节强调 语义强调 比较强调 举例强调 问答原则 解释原则 引用的观点第38页/共80页长演讲问题分析 态度题 对于纠结处的态度 重听题 主考态度和功能 态度分为正面，负面，中立 功能分为解释说明，纠正错误等第

21、39页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 演讲的结构 听清演讲的结构 Steps & Sequences Abstract categorizing & Specific examples Cause & Effect explanation Comparing & Contrasting第40页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 Steps & Sequences 形式：序数词，具体年代（排序题出题位置） In the first place/To begin with/To start with Firstly/Secondly/Then/Next Finally/Ev

22、entually第41页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 Abstracting categorizing & Specific examples 抓分类关键句 Let me introduce/mention in 3 points is divided into is for several factors/reasons/hypothesis There are several factors/reasons to explain .第42页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 Abstracting categorizing & Specific examples 抓4分论点 Sub-to

23、pic（前后有停顿，重读，图片） 这理论/事物叫什么？ Definitions & Descriptions（笔记记录n. & a.即可） 对于理论/事物的解释 Examples（例子后的总结性内容一定要把握） 例子的对象，例子的说明 Key Points 强调句型的出现 This is the first time ./ It is that 引用的观点第43页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 并不是所有提示后都有潜在考点 所有考点前面都有提示 单一具体信息（有具体事物） 多重信息表达同一主题 抓取新的单一具体信息第44页/共80页长演讲演讲考点 6. What is the lec

24、ture mainly about? A. Methods of observing unusual animal behavior. B. A theory about ways birds attract mates. C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives. D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.第45页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 生物类单词汇总： 分类生物进化 （Evolution） 无脊椎动物 Invertebrate 脊椎动物 Vertebrate 鱼类 Fi

25、sh两栖动物 Amphibian爬行类 Reptile 鸟类 Bird哺乳动物 Mammal 植物学Botany 微生物Microbiology第46页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 无脊椎动物 Invertebrate 原生动物 Protozoa 腔肠动物 Coelenterate 扁形动物 Platyhelminthes 环节动物 Annelida/Annulata 软体动物 Mollusk 节肢动物 Anthropod第47页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 脊椎动物 Vertebrate 鱼类Fish 浮游生物 Plankton水母 Jellyfish珊瑚 Coral 两栖类Amphibian 青蛙

26、 Frog蝾螈 Salamander 爬行类 Reptile 蜥蜴 Lizard恐龙 Dinosaur鳄鱼 Crocodile 哺乳类 Mammal 啮齿类 Rodent 灵长类 Primate海狸 Beaver 鸟类 Bird 鸟类学 Ornithology秃鹫 Vulture猫头鹰 Owl第48页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 植物学 Botany 植物组成 Compositions 茎 Stem树冠层 Canopy花粉 Pollen 果壳 Shell 现象 Phenomenon 光合作用 Photosynthesis传授花粉 Pollinate 共生 Symbiotic寄生 Parasitis

27、m 植物名称 Name 菊花 Chrysanthemum 玉米 Corn 榆树 Elm兰花 Orchid第49页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 微生物 Microorganism学科 Subject微生物学 Microbiology遗传学 Genetics寄生虫学 Parasitology物种学 Speciology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞质 Cytoplasm细胞膜 Membranes遗传 Inheritance/Heredity基因 Gene核酸 Amino acid蛋白质 Protein其他 ETC细菌 Bacteria真菌 Fungus病毒 Virus毒素 Toxin抗体 A

28、ntibody免疫 Immunity第50页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 常用词组 Phrase 消化系统 Digestive system排泄系统 Excretory system 生殖系统 Reproductive system 循环系统 Circulatory system 呼吸系统 Respiratory system内分泌系统 Hormonal system 动物适应性 Animal adaptation 适者生存 Survival of the fittest 物种起源 Origin of species第51页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 生物类： 什么生物/生物现象/关键词解释（有图片

29、） 有什么显著特点/工作原理 对其调查研究以及教授对此的评价 该生物的影响和作用第52页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 生物类： 重点提示： 转折强调原因 解释对话举例 引用 结构： 分类结构 对比结构第53页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 What is the main purpose of the lecture? A. To compare active habitat selection with passive habitat selection B. To show that most habitat preferences in animals are learned C. To comp

30、are the habitat requirements of several bird species D. To examine the consequences of habitat selection by animals第54页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 What element of the plovers habitat in California was threatened? A. The availability of food B. The availability of water C. The safety of nests from human activity D.

31、 The protection of nests from predatory birds第55页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 What does the professor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler? A. The relationship between human activity and habitat loss B. The relationship between habitat and reproductive success C. The advantages of habitats with low veget

32、ation density D. The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warblers第56页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 Why does the professor mention the population density of blackcaps in two different habitats? A. To explain the similar reproductive rates in the two habitats B. To explain the relation between a

33、 species population density and its nesting behavior C. To illustrate the advantages of a preferred habitat over a secondary habitat D. To illustrate the possible impact of making a poor habitat selection第57页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 According to the professor, why did some blackcaps choose a secondary habitat?

34、A. They were following a moving food supply B. Their preferred habitat was taken over by another bird species C. Their nesting sites were disturbed by human activity D. Their preferred habitat became too competitive第58页/共80页长演讲分类讲解 Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the questio

35、n. What can be inferred about the professor when she says this? A. She realizes that she just contradicted a statement she made earlier B. She is about to discuss another aspect of the topic C. She thinks the answer to her question is obvious D. She wants students to recall a case that she has alrea

36、dy discussed.第59页/共80页长演讲分类详解 天文类单词汇总： 总览 Overview 天文学 Astronomy占星学 Astrology 天文物理学 Astrophysics伪科学 Pseudoscience 宇宙 Cosmos/Universe宇宙的 Cosmic第60页/共80页长演讲分类详解 天体 Celestial body 行星 Planet水星 Mercury金星 Venus 地球 Earth火星 Mars木星 Jupiter 土星 Saturn海王星 Neptune 冥王星 Pluto天王星 Uranus 流星 Meteor陨石 Meteorite彗星 Come

37、t 轨道 Orbit 小行星 Asteroid 恒星 Star卫星 Satellite星群 Asterism 星座 Constellation第61页/共80页长演讲分类详解 星系 Galaxies 银河系 Galaxy 太阳系 Solar system 星系间的 Intergalactic 恒星间的 Interstellar 行星间的 Interplanetary 其他 ETC 真空 Vacuum自传 Rotation公转 Revolution 红外线 Infrared ray紫外线 Ultraviolet ray 引力 Gravitational force第62页/共80页长演讲分类详解

38、 天文学总结： 星球及其特征 尺寸：giant, massive, enormous 距离：light year, fuel 成分：composition, be composed of, gas, ice 结构：crust, mantle, core 表面：surface, volcano, mountain, riverbed, basin, crater 轨道：orbit, elliptical 考点：两处对比 地球上发现的东西和宇宙发现的东西特点对比 不同科学家对同一发现观点对比第63页/共80页长演讲分类详解 What is the lecture mainly about? A.

39、The orbits od comets B. Unique characteristics of a famous comet C. The structure of comets D. The origin and life cycle of comets第64页/共80页长演讲分类详解 According to the professor, what happens as a comet approaches the Sun? Click on 2 answers. A. Its nucleus loses some material B. Its core becomes bright

40、er C. It moves faster D. It absorbs gases from the Sun第65页/共80页长演讲分类详解 Why does the professor emphasize the amount of time Haileys Comet is beyond the orbit of Jupiter? A. To account for the comets composition of ice and dust B. To show the effect of Jupiters gravity on the comets orbit C. To argue

41、that the comets orbit should not be considered periodic D. To explain why the comet is not visible from Earth very often 第66页/共80页长演讲分类详解 What is the professor imply about the history of Haileys Comet? A. Haileys Comet did not always have the same orbit it has now B. Haileys Comet used to be much sm

42、aller than it is now C. Haileys Comet has always had the same orbit that it has now D. Haileys Comet is much younger than the rest of the solar system第67页/共80页长演讲分类详解 What is the professors opinion about the name “parabolic-orbit comets”? A. It is not widely accepted among astronomers B. It is proba

43、bly not strictly accurate C. It is not a term that the students need to learn D. It will probably be replaced soon with a new name 第68页/共80页长演讲分类详解 According to the professor, what can change a parabolic-orbit into a periodic-orbit comet? A. The loss of some of the comets material B. The force of es

44、caping gases C. The gravitational influence of a planet D. Energy from the Sun第69页/共80页长演讲分类详解 艺术类单词汇总 音乐 Music 音符 Note乐谱 Score乐章 Movement 民间音乐 Folk music流行音乐 Pop music 古典音乐 Classical music爵士乐 Jazz 交响乐 symphony摇滚乐 Rock and roll 乐器 Instrument管乐 Band/Wind music 弦乐 String小提琴 Violin 中提琴 Viola大提琴 Cello 声

45、乐 Vocal music协奏曲 Concerto 二重奏 Duet指挥 Conductor第70页/共80页长演讲分类详解 艺术类单词汇总 政治经济 Politics & Economics 商品 Commodity银行贷款 Bank loan 利息 Interest提款 Withdraw 承兑 Honor富足 Affluence 大萧条 The Great Depression第71页/共80页长演讲分类详解 艺术类单词汇总 美术 Art 油画 Oil painting水彩 Water Color 素描 Sketch彩色蜡笔画 Pastel 海报 Poster壁画 Fresco/M

46、ural painting 石版画 Lithograph肖像画 Portrait 颜色 Pigment油画布 Brush 复制品 Replica真迹 Autograph 美术馆 Gallery书法 Calligraphy 塑像 Statue第72页/共80页长演讲分类详解 艺术类总结： 艺术形式的解释 对该类艺术形式的艺术风格分类介绍 要注意每种艺术风格的： 特点（区别） 例子（代表人物） 有关键时间的要记录 这种艺术形式使哪些人受益 对该艺术形式的评价 关键提示： 时间转折强调原因 解释对话举例对比第73页/共80页长演讲分类详解 What is the lecture mainly abo

47、ut? A. Why the Salon exhibitions became popular among women artists in Paris B. Why French society did not approve of art schools or women C. How opportunities for women artists in Paris improved D. How women artists in Paris cooperated with one another第74页/共80页长演讲分类详解 What point does the professor make about Julian when he mentions that Julians art school offered some classes only for women? A. Julians school was the first art school in Paris to offer women-only classes B. Julian wanted to encourage the distinctive style of women in Paris C. Julian viewed h