Book 4 Unit 1 Women of Achievement Grammar.PPT

1、.Look at the following two sentences from the text and observe the differences between them.Examples: Our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon.5 If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. If the w

2、ord group is considered as a whole, use a singular verb. Here are some other nouns that can be used in the same way: class, family, the public, team, police, group, government, college, school, crowd, audience, etc.主谓一致是指主语要和谓语动词保持主谓一致是指主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。人称和数的一致。.7主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 语法一致是指

3、句子的主语和谓语在语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为主语为单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语动词也用复数。谓语动词也用复数。.81. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候词作主语的时候, 谓语动词有以下两种情谓语动词有以下两种情况：况： 1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事 物的时候物的时候, 谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。 He and I _ b

4、oth students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。 are.9 The singer and dancer _ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _ on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同 一个人或物一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。谓语要用单数。 .102. 如果

5、主语是如果主语是不定式不定式, 动词动词ing形式形式或或主语主语从句从句的时候的时候, 谓语动词用谓语动词用。 What he is doing very important. Collecting stamps his hobby. seemsis单数单数注意：注意：What引导的主语从句中如果从句的谓引导的主语从句中如果从句的谓语是复数或者从句后的表语是复数，则谓语语是复数或者从句后的表语是复数，则谓语动词用复数动词用复数。What we need qualified teachers.我们需要的是合格的教师。我们需要的是合格的教师。 are.11 3. 定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系

6、代词who, which, that 在在从句中作主语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。致。 Those who singing may join us. Tom, who your friend, should help you.enjoy is.124. 如果句子中有这些连接词如果句子中有这些连接词(with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including)和和主语连用主语连用, 谓语

7、动词的数随谓语动词的数随主语主语的变化的变化而变化。而变化。 The teacher, together with his students, planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街上植树。is.13就近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它就近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在句子中连接主语在句子中连接主语的时候或者在的时候或者在there be句型中句

8、型中, 谓语动词谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。要和就近的主语保持一致。.14e.g. Neither you nor I wrong. There a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the students but also the teacher for a holiday. amiswishes.15概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其而是其实实际意义际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复

9、数；有的主语名词在但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。但在意义上却是单数。.16 1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _ rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _ rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 are is.17None of the money _ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.

10、没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is is.182. 复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语作主语, 谓语动词要用谓语动词要用 ，如如someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等。等。 Someone _ asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。 Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis单数单数.193. the rest of, hal

11、f of, part of, majority of, percent of, one third of等在句子等在句子中加名词作主语的时候中加名词作主语的时候, 谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。.20Half of the students _ finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _ bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _ boys. 我们学校我们

12、学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男大约百分之六十的学生是男生。生。haveisare.214. 集体名词作主语集体名词作主语, 动词可以用单数动词可以用单数, 也也可以用复数可以用复数。由句子的意思决定。强。由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时时, 动词则用复数。常见的集体名词动词则用复数。常见的集体名词有有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等。等。.22His family _ going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _ all musi

13、c lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are .235. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等, 形形式上是单数式上是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数, 谓语动谓语动词应用复数。词应用复数。people指指“民族民族”时是例时是例外。外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare.246. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词如只用作单数的不可数集合名词如clothing, poetry, baggage/lu

14、ggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment等做主语时，谓语动词要用等做主语时，谓语动词要用。 Much equipment _ needed in our lab. Tang poetry high popularity all over the world. 唐诗享誉世界。唐诗享誉世界。isenjoys单数单数.25只用作单数的不可只用作单数的不可数集合名词如数集合名词如clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery

15、, equipment机构、团体机构、团体有生命有生命的集体的集体只用作只用作复数的复数的集体名集体名词词people, police, cattle可单可复可单可复的集体名的集体名词词public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group无生命的事物无生命的事物总称总称.266. 某些名词如某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式, 但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时, 谓语动词谓语动词用单数。用单数。 The pair of shoes _

16、worn out. 这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。 The shoes _worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。isare.277. 某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等等, 谓语动词应谓语动词应用用。 Physics a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。 单数单数is.288. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短在以上短 语中语中and连接的连接的单数名词单数名词, 整个

17、短语整个短语 在句中作主语时在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用谓语动词常使用 。 Each man and each woman asked to attend. 单数单数is.29Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。.309. 以以a number of作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用复谓语动词用复数数; 以以the number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动谓语动词用单数

18、。词用单数。 A number of new books _ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50.areis.3110. 有些名词的有些名词的单复数同形单复数同形, 作主语的时候作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词这一类名词有有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所

19、有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare.3211. many a, more than one, one and a half与与单数名词单数名词组成的短语组成的短语, 谓语用谓语用单数单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡时间、距离、价格、度量衡等等的复数名词作主语时的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用谓语动词常用单单数数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.331. this kind

20、 of book = a book of this kind (这种书这种书) , 其谓语用单数其谓语用单数; 短语短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语口语) (这一类人这一类人), 但但this kind of men的谓语用单数的谓语用单数, men of this kind和和these kind of men的谓语用复数的谓语用复数, all kinds of后跟复数名词后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数谓语用复数形式。形式。如：如：注意注意:.34 This kind of men is dangerous

21、. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的数应谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。与其后的主语一致。如如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.353. “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中

22、of后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致, 这是因为短语中后面这是因为短语中后面的名词是的名词是中心词中心词, 而短语中前面的量而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。词是修饰语。如如:.36Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数名词复数”。但是。但是,“the number of

23、 + 名名词词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：试比较：.37A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.38注意注意:a (large) quantity of修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。数。e.g. A large quantity of people is needed here.39q

24、uantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。谓语动词一般用复数。如如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意意为为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。 .404. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动谓语动词通常用单数词通常用单数; large

25、amounts of修饰不修饰不可数名词可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词谓语动词通常用复数。通常用复数。如如:.41A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.425. 表示数量的表示数量的one and a half后后, 名词要名词要用复数形式用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。如：如： One and a half

26、bananas is left on the table.436. 如果主语由如果主语由“the + 形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任时结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数, 这类词有这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也有少但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别数的过去分词与定

27、冠词连用时指个别,则则用单数。用单数。如：如：.44The blind study in special school.The departed (死者死者) was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时, 就要与名词就要与名词man, person或表示人的单或表示人的单数连用。数连用。如如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.45Help Xiaoshun choose the correct verb form in this letter.Dear Xiaoyu, I think everyone _ (is/ are) settled in London, although neither the weather nor the food _ (is/ are) good. Either rain or snow fell ever day this week but everybody _ (has/ have) tried to ignore it.isishas.46My friends and my mother _ (has/ have) vis