B6 M5 Grammar虚拟语气 备课组

1、the Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气FunctionTalking about past and present regrets1. I wish I had not created this creature.2. I wish I was not here.3. I wish I could disappear!4. I wish I had not done this terrible thing.5. I wish I was dead!1.In which sentences is the speaker talking about a present situ

2、ation?2. In which sentences is the speaker talking about a past situation?Talking about past and present regretsPresent situation：2. I wish I was not here.3. I wish I could disappear!5. I wish I was dead!Past situation：1. I wish I had not created this creature.4. I wish I had not done this terrible

3、thing.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在wish后的后的宾语从句宾语从句中的用法中的用法表示与现在或过去的事实相反表示与现在或过去的事实相反, , 或对将来或对将来的主观愿望的主观愿望, , 从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词thatthat。I wish I were as tall as you.1) 表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用从句动词用过去过去式或过去进行式式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用动词一般用were) 。I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eat

4、en so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would/could动词原形动词原形”。我希望今年会有好收成。我希望今年会有好收成。I wish that we would have a good harvest this year.= But there is little hope of having a good harvest this year. I wish it would rain tomorr

5、ow.wish 引导的引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反 过去时（过去时（were）had+过去分词过去分词would/could+动词原形动词原形Complete the sentences. Put the verbs into the correct form. 1. He looks so ugly. I wish he _ (not be) ugly. 2. I didnt think about it carefully enough. I wish I _(think) more

6、 carefully. 3. He murdered the people I love most. I wish he _ ( not kill) them. 4. I feel lonely and unhappy. I wish _(not feel) unhappy. were nothad thought hadnt killeddidnt feel虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假而是一种假设设, 愿望愿望, 怀疑或推测。怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句

7、,也可用也可用于名词性从句等。于名词性从句等。条件句表示主句的条件条件句表示主句的条件,分分真实条件句真实条件句 和和虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种。两种。a. 真实真实条件句条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能表示条件是真的或有可能实现的实现的, 采用陈述语气。采用陈述语气。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains b. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。采用虚拟语气。 if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句由由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚虚拟条件

8、句拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.if 引导的引导的 虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a. 表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 的假设的假设b. 表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 的假设的假设c. 表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 的假设的假设条件条件从句从句If 从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式与与现在事实现在事实相反相反过去式过去式(were)would/could/should/might +动词原形动词原形if 引导的引导的 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句A. If I were a boy,

9、I would join the army.B. If I were in your position, I would ask for teachers help.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. 条件条件从句从句If 从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式与与过去事实过去事实相反相反had 过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might have 过去分词

10、过去分词if 引导的引导的 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句If he _ (drive) more carefully, he _ (have) the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ (learn) how to swim,I _ (not trap) in this island.had learnt would not have been trapped a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (

11、get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE: Fill in the blanks.条件条件从句从句If 从句从句谓语形式谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式与与将来事实将来事实相反相反 动词过去动词过去式式 should do were/was to dowould/could/should/might 动词原形动词原形if 引导的引导的 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he w

12、ere to come, what should we say to him？虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件状语从句中的用法条件从句条件从句从句谓语形式从句谓语形式主句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反 与过去事实与过去事实相反相反 与将来事实与将来事实相反相反 动词过去式动词过去式(或或were)should/ would /could/ might+动词原形动词原形had+过去分词过去分词should/ would/could/might + have+过去过去分词分词should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形动词原形1.should

13、+动词原形动词原形2.动词过去式动词过去式3.were to+动词原形动词原形1. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气建议的虚拟语气 一个坚持一个坚持 _ 两个命令两个命令 _ 三个建议三个建议 _ 四个要求四个要求 _这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用中的动词使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略。省略。The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should) t

14、ell him the news. insist order, command advise, suggest, propose demand, require, request, desire 类似地，在类似地，在It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed 等结构中要使用虚拟语等结构中要使用虚拟语气。如：气。如： Its suggested that the plan (should)be carried out. It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three mi

15、les away. 类似地，在类似地，在It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed 等结构中要使用虚拟语气。等结构中要使用虚拟语气。如：如：It is arranged that he_. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。It is suggested that_. 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 leave for Canada on Fridaythe English evening beheld on Saturday 在在suggestion， proposal， order

16、， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用其谓语动词应用should原形动词。另外连接从句的原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略不能省略。例：。例：My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.2. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

17、conference.It is strange that_.他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that_. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 3. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause，从句中的动词要用从句中的动词要用虚拟虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形he ( should ) say sohe ( should ) think so It is natural tha

18、t_. 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is necessary that_. 有必要立即派他去北京。有必要立即派他去北京。 a bird ( should ) rest in treeshe be sent to Beijing right away3. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause，从句中的动词要用从句中的动词要用虚拟虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形I would rather you hadnt done that.我希

19、望你没有做过那件事。我希望你没有做过那件事。I would rather_. 我宁愿他们明天来。我宁愿他们明天来。 Id rather you _.我宁愿让你现在就回家。我宁愿让你现在就回家。 4. would rather 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句would rather that与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 过去时过去时与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 过去时过去时they came tomorrowwent home nowIt is (high) time that 后面的后面的从句谓语动词要用过去从句谓语动词要用过去式或用式或用shoul

20、d加动词原形，但加动词原形，但should不可省略不可省略。(1) It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.(2) It is time that_. 该是他作出决定的时候了。该是他作出决定的时候了。 5. It is (high) time that he made up his mindHe behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own

21、it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though she had been there himself.他那样对待我他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。It looks as if its going to rain.由由if only 引导的感叹句，引导的感叹句，表示表示