名词性从句高考题及解析

1、学习必备欢迎下载名词性从句考点介绍及解析一、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目， 在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题高考真题例示：例 1. The photographs will show you _ （ MET1989 ）例 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (NMET2000)例 3. Can you make sure _

2、 the gold ring? (NMET1990)例 4. He asked _ for the violin. (NMET1991)2. 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别高考真题例示：例 1. _we can t get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996)例 2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (MET1991)例 3. _ you have done might do harm to other people. (MET 1987)例 4. _ you don't like h

3、im is none of my business. ( 上海 1992) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考真题例示：例 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)例 2. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey.例 3. I hate _when people talk with their mouths full

4、. (NMET1998)例 4. Does _ matter if he can't finish the job on time? (MET 1991)4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别高考真题例示：例 1. _we ll go campingtomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996)例 2. What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.学习必备欢迎下载(上海 2001)A. when B. how C

5、. whether D. why例 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. (MET1992)A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别高考真题例示：例 1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET1997)例 2. _leaves the room la

6、st ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)例 3. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. (上海 1995)6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考真题例示：例 1： It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. ( 上海 1993)A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master二、语法要点剖析主语从句、 表语从句、 宾语从句、

7、 同位语从句， 在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词： when, where, how, why（一） . 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词 what，who， which ， whatever ， whoever 以及连接副词 how， when， where， w

8、hy 等词引导。 that在句中无词义， 只起连接作用； 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：又起连What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announ

9、ced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。That he passed the exam made his parents pleased他.考试及格了，使得父母很高兴。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（ 1） It + be + 名词 + that 从句（ 2） It + be + 形容词 + that 从句（3） It + be +动词的过去分词+ that 从句（4） It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、 惋惜、 理应如此等语气时，

10、语气 “(should) +do ，”常用的句型有：谓语动词要用虚拟It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that学习必备欢迎下载It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that（二） . 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由

11、连接词 that 引导宾语从句时， that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但也有不省约 that 的情况。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。宾语从句不省略that 的几种情况：（ 1). 当 that 作 learn,answer,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold，imply 等动词的宾语时 ;He answered that he was from Austria. 他说他是奥地利人。S

12、he answered that she preferred to eat alone. 她回答说她愿意独自吃。I don t wish to imply that you are wrong.我无意暗示你错了。The newspapers have implied that they are having an affair. 报纸报道暗指他们有染。（2）. 当宾语从句较长时;The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that f could have the money without delay.那

13、个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车，并说我会立即收到款。（3）. 宾语从句位于句首时。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。（4）. 当主语谓语动词 ( 包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信， 小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他

14、和我们呆在家里。（ 5）. 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 ,此时第一个 that 可以省略 ,第二个以及其他的 that 不可以省略 ;I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to collageHe said (that) the book was very interesting and that( 不省略 ) all the children like to read it.The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homewo

15、rk the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。（ 6）. 当宾语从句中的主语是 this,that 或 this,that 做主语的定语时 ;He said that that boy was badly injured.（7）. 当宾语从句有双宾语中的间接宾语时;He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本当 that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 一般不宜省

16、略。例如：I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there.我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。（ 8）. 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;（ 9）. 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时 ;Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have the chance to go abroad for further study.玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。（10）. 当宾语从句

17、有it 做其先行词时 ;即 it 作形式宾语时。学习必备欢迎下载I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。（11） .在直接引语中 , 转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 或 that 从句单独回答问题时。(12).What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说 )凯特考试及格在 except 等介词后。如：He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的

18、毛病。(13). 在较为正式或不常用的动词（如reply， object ）后。如：He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。(14). 当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that 不宜省略。例如：Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself.珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。 ( 如省略 that，at once 也可能修饰从句， 是表示“立刻意识到” ，还是表示“立刻去处理” ，较为含糊 )Tom promised that if he could earn as much as

19、 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother.汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500 美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（ should）+ 动词原形 ”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander o

20、rdered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who， whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give

21、whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外， whether 与 if在作 “是否 ”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用 if ：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c.引导同位语从句;d . 引导从句作介词宾语时；e. 从句后有 “or not时”；e. 后接动词不定式时; f. 作 decide,discuss 等的宾语时g. 宾语从句提前时用whether 不用 if。例如：Whether

22、 there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是

23、留？I have no idea whether they have gone there.We discussed whether we should have a trip at weekendThank you, but whether I ll be free I Thank you, but whether I ll be free I m not sure at the moment. m not sure at the moment.注意 ：宾语从句是否定句时，只用if ，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain.用 if 会引

24、起误解，就要用whether 。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether 改成 if ，容易当成条学习必备欢迎下载件句理解）4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）he has studied

25、English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（ could, would 除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动

26、词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don t think youare here. 我们认为你不在这。I don t believe he will do so我.相信他不会这样做。（三） . 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That s just what I want这.正是我想要的。This i

27、s where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didn t come to the meeting那就是.他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that 引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning （四） . 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句

28、通常由that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、 doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、information 、message、 news、 order、 problem 、 promise、 question、 request、 suggestion、 truth 、wish 、 word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought cam

29、e to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here （ that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（ that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ？（ that 引导定语

30、从句，作宾语，可以省略）三、高考热点透视学习必备欢迎下载1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It答案 D 。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fa

31、ct.2 A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do （ NMET2001 ）A how B after C what D when答案 C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do 的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。do3. He asked _ for a violin （ MET1992 ）A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid答案：

32、 D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。4. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother willrecover from the serious diseasesoon（上海2001年春季招生）A. when B. how C. whether D. why答案 C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt 一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是 “医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。 ” 5 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he

33、or she wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案 B 。根据句意 “一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。 ”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中 wants 缺少宾语， A. however 和 D. whenever 是不能作宾语的；排除 A和 D ， whichever 表示 “无论哪一个，无论哪些 ”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选B whatever ，表示 “无论什么 ”。6. _leaves the room last ought to turn

34、off the lights. (MET1988)A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever 引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever 可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于 any person who 或 The person who,意为 “一切 的人 ”。而 anyone 和 the person 均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last 意为 “某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone 或 B.

35、 The person ，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who。如果要选D. Who 就体现不出 “无论谁 ”的含义了。7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who答案为 C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句与no matter+ 疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A 和 D，从句中需要的是主语，所以 whomever 也不行。8. - I drove to