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1、2019 高一英语Unit5 Languages around the World 学案 -Section1重点词汇1. native 用法详解:(1) adj. a.出生地的,祖国的 b. (+to)本土的,本国的,(某地)土生的(2) n.【C】(+of)本地人,本国人,(某地)原有的动/植物归纳拓展go native 入乡随俗;同化经典例句The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native.他在美国居住
2、多年,已完全适应了当地人的生活方式。As a third-generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never planned to move away.作为德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔地区第三代土生土长的人,米尔德里德.加尔萨从来没有计划过离开此地。2. attitude 用法详解attitude n. C态度,看法。 attitude 前常用 good, bad, positive, negative 等形容词修饰。常见搭配:an attitude to/toward(s)对的态度/看法have/show a/an attitude
3、to/toward ( s) 对 持 态度An attitude of mind 心态问题What' s your attitude to/toward (s) this idea?你对这种想法持什么态度?He took s friendly attitude toward (s) us.他对我们采取了友善的态度。He shows a very positive attitude to his work. 他的工作态度非常积极。Youth is simply an attitude of mind. 青春仅仅是心态问题。归纳拓展attitude容易和altitude (n.海拔,高度)
4、混淆,其他以后缀 -itude结尾的词还有:Latitude (n.纬度)longitude (n.经度)multitude(n.大量;群众)3. refer to 用法详解:refer to 中的 to 是介词,后接名词,代词或v.-ing。( 1 )涉及,与相关These books refer to Asian problems. 这些书涉及亚洲问题。This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 这段说的是去年发生的事。( 2)提到,谈及,说起。常见搭配:refer to sb./sth. As sth. 称 为 I promised
5、 not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再也不提及这件事了。When I said that somebody was really naughty , I did not refer to you. 当我说某人调皮时,我不是指你。She always refers to Ben as“ that nice man ”,她总是称本为“那个大好人”。( 3)查阅,参考。常见搭配:refer to a dictionary 查词典Please refer to the last page of the book. 请查阅书的最后一页。特别提醒注意 refer
6、的过去式,过去分词和现在分词分别为referred , referred , referring 。 类似的词还有prefer, occur,infer 等。4. all the way 意为:自始至终回家的路上,她自始至终没对我说过一句话。in some way 再某种程度上;在某些方面in the/sb. ' sswOy的路,妨碍by way of 经由,经过no way 没门儿(常用于交际用语)She didn't speak a word to me all the way back home. 归纳拓展in no way 绝不(位于句首时,句子要部分倒装)in thi
7、s way 以这种方式on the/one ' s way)在(去往的)路上by the way 附带问一句;顺便提一下5. despite 用法详解despite意为:虽然,尽管,为介词,后接名词,代词或 v.-ing,不能接从句。它相当于 in spite of,但其本身是介词,不能与of 连用。Despite/In spite of his old age , he still leads an active life. 尽管年事已高,他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。He still helped us heartily despite/in spite of being exhaus
8、ted after working three hours. 尽管在工作三个小时后累得筋疲力尽,他仍然热心地帮助我们。特别提醒“ in spite of/despite+n. ”相当于 although/though/as 引导的让步状语从句。尽管交通拥挤,他还是设法准时到达了。In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic , he managed to arrive on time.Although/Though the traffic was heavy , he managed to arrive on time.Heavy as/though the tr
9、affic was , he managed to arrive on time.6. up and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱,为名词短语up and down ( 1 )上下波动,起伏The boat floated up and down on the water. 小船在水面上下浮动。( 3)来回,往复She was pacing up and down in front of her desk. 她在办公桌前踱来踱去。( 4)时好时坏My relationship with him was up and down.归纳拓展与 up and down 结果相似的常见短语:Back a
10、nd forth 反复来回in and out 进进出出here and there 到处day and night 日日夜夜7. base 用法详解( 1 ) vt. 把 建立在 的基础上;以为据点,把(总部等)设在常见搭配:baseon/upon 以为 为基础(或根据)(其被动形式为)be based on/uponbase sb./sth./oneself in 以 为据点,把(总部等)设在We should base our opinions on facts. 我们的意见应该以事实为根据。The story is based on facts. 这个故事是一事实为依据的。We are
11、 going to base ourselves in Beijing and travel from there. 我们将以北京为据点去旅行。(2) n.基底,底座;基地;据点,总部,大本营;根据,出发点;基础,常见搭配:at the base of 在 底部The base of the vase is very large, so it can stand steadily. 这个花瓶的底座很大,因此它能站得很稳。We camped at the base of the mountain. 我们在山脚下露营。归纳拓展相关词语积累:basic adj.基础的,基本的;初级的;必需的base
12、less adj.无根据的basically adv.基本上;从根本上说经典例句The exact origin of baseball is unknown , but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders.棒球的确起源无人知晓,但是它很可能是以英国一项古老的称作“圆场棒球”的比赛为基础的。The first plates were made in about 1780 , and were based on Chinese designs.最初的盘子是于1780 年左右在中国的图案涉及的基础上制造的。8. d
13、ate 用法详解( 1 ) vt. 注明 的日期;确定的年代Don' t forget to date you门etter信上不要忘了写日期。和 约会Is he still dating Mary ?他还在和玛丽约会吗32019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Sectionl(2) vi.过时,不流行She designs classic clothes which do not date.她涉及的古朴式样服装不会过时。归纳拓展date back to/from 追溯至Umake a date with sb.与某人约会be out
14、on a date出去约会up to date拥有(或包含)最新信息的;最新的9. divide用法详解v.分害U;分配;除(以)divide sth. between/among sb.把某物分配给某人divide sth. between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间分配某物divide sth. In half/into halves 把某物分成两部分divide A by B A 除以 BA divided by B isA 除以 B 等于The money will be divided equally among the schools. 这笔钱?各在学校间平分。He ha
15、s decided to divide the books between Class1 and Class2.他已决定把这些书分配给一班和二班。The apple was divided into halves/in half.这个苹果被一分为二。If you divide 12 by 4, you will get 3.如果你用 12 除以 4,你会得到 3。15 divided by 3 i 5. 15 除以 3 等于 5。归纳拓展divideinto翻译为:把 分成。其被动形式为be divided into (被分成 )The textbook is divided into 30
16、lessons.这本教科书被分成30 课。辨析比较 divide/separate易混淆词含义以及用法divide指把整体分成若干部分,常与介 词 into 连用。We divided the apple into several pieces.我们把 苹果分成了几块。一刀切心个苹果Separate指把原来连在一起的或若累近 的人或食物分开,个体没有遭到 破坏,常与介词from连用。Please separate the bad apples form the good ones.请把坏苹果 和好苹果分开。四个苹果分开放10.variety n. U变化,多样化;【Q品种We all need
17、 variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。归纳拓展a variety of(=various=varieties of)意为“各种各样的,种种“。其后接名词复数且 variety前可用great, large, wide等词修饰。He left for a variety of reasons.他由于种种原因离开了。Varieties of flowers are sold in the market.这个市场销售各种各样的花。特别提醒(1) a variety of后接名词复数做主语是,谓语动词常用复数形式。A great variety of patterns wer
18、e provided to customers.种类繁多的图案被提供给了顾客。(2) “the variety of+名词复数”翻译为: 的品种,做主语时位于动词用单数形式。The variety of goods in this shop is rich.这家有商店的货物品种丰富。相关词语积累:(1) various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的(2) vary v.相异;改变。常见搭配:vary in 在某方面不同vary fromto从到不同 vary with 随 而变化1111. major 用法详解(1) adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语)The major prob
19、lem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties. 目前的主要问题是如何克服所有的困难。A major earthquake happened in Japan on March11 , 2011.2011 年 3 月 11 日日本发生了大地震。(2) n.【Q主修课程;专业课; vi.主修搭配: major in 主修The student, majoring in economics at college , made a comment on the matter. 那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事作了评论。She majors
20、 in management.That is, her major in management. 她主修管理学。也就是说,她的专业课是管理 学。助记 : major adj. 大的 majority n. 多数minor adj. 较少的minority n. 少数12. means 用法详解(1) means n.方式,方法,途径(单复数同形)means of( doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/方式by means of 借助 手段,依靠方法by no means 决不;一点也不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)by all means 没问题;当然行by this means=in t
21、his way=with this method 通过这种方式 2) 2) meaning n. 意思;意义meaningful adj. 重要的meaningless adj. 毫无意义 3) meantime/meanwhile adv.同时 n.其间 in the meantime/meanwhile 与此同时;在此期间知识链接mean v.&adj.(1) vt. (meant, meant)有的目的,打算。常见搭配:be meant to do 旨在做be meant for 打算作 用 mean to do sth. 打算做某事had meant to do sth. 本打
22、算作某事(而实际上未做)I think the police are meant to protect people. 我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。I had meant to five you this book , but I forgot. 我本打算给你这本书的,可是我忘了。 2) 2) vt. 意思是;意味着。常见搭配:mean doing sth. 意味着做某事What do you mean by ?你 是什么意思?Success means working hard.成功意味着要付出努力。What do you mean by saying that ?你那样说是什么意思? 3
23、) adj.吝啬的,小气的;刻薄。常见搭配: be mean with sth. 在 方面吝啬be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄Don't be so mean to your little brother !别对你小弟弟那么刻薄!13. regard 用法详解 1) n.(复数)问候,致意Please give my regards to your parents. 请代我向你父母问好。 2) 2) vt. 常与 as 连用,认为;把看作Generally, girls regard science subjects as more difficult. 女孩通常认为理科更难。
24、 尊重;尊敬 regard sb ' s advce某人的建议知识拓展regardless adv不顾,不力口理会regardless of不管;不顾14. appreciate 用法详解( 1 ) vt. 理解,意识到,领会He didn't fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract. 他没有完全理解签署这份合同的意义。We appreciate that caring for children is an important job. 我们意识到照顾小孩子是个重要的工作。2019 高一英语 Unit5
25、 Languages around the World 学案-Sectionl(2) vt.欣赏,赏识He appreciates your talent.他赏识你的才能。Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.她的才干没有得到雇主的充分赏识。(3) vt.感激,感谢。常见搭配:appreciate (sb.) doing sth感激(某人)做I would appreciate it if (it做形式宾语)如果 ,我将不胜感激。We would appreciate you letting us know of any
26、 problems. 如有任何问题,请告诉我们。I ' d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否要来,我将不胜感激。特别提醒(1) appreciate不用于进行时。它表示"感谢"时,常接"事”做宾语,与 thank刚好相反,thank常构成 "thanksb. for sth.”因某事而感谢某人,比较:I greatly appreciate your help.Thank you very muc
27、h for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。(2) appreciate后面不能接不定式。另外,appreciate后面不能直接跟if (如果)引导的从句,若接if从句,要借助于 it,即 appreciate it if。知识拓展相关词语积累:appreciation n.欣赏;感激,感谢appreciative adj.欣赏的;感激的15 . specific用法详解(1) adj.明确的,具体的。常见搭配:to be specific说得明确些(具体地说)Only if you have a specific aim in your life will you not get lo
28、st.只有拥有一个明确得生活目标,你才不会迷失方向。I know that the concert is to be held on Friday but I don't know the specific time.我知道音乐会是在周五举行,但我不知道具体的时间。We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question.我要具体问题具体分析。To be specific, he is 34 years 01d.具体地说,他 34岁了。(2) adj.特定的(常做前置定语);特有的,独特的Massage may help
29、to increase blood flow in specific parts of the body.按摩有助于增加身体特定部位的血液流量。The animal is specific to this area.这种动物是这个地区特有的。辨析比较 specific/special易混淆词specific着重指某种,某类事物的唯一性,独特性,奇异性,也可指特别考虑的事物。The town relies on its specific landscape for developing the tourism industry. 这个城镇 依靠它独特的风光发展旅游业。special指不同于一般,
30、与众不同,着重指事物的专门性,目的性。Your birthday is a special day for you.你的生日对你来说让-个特殊的日子。16 .考点提炼reason做先行词,后接定语从句时:(1)若关系词在从句中做状语,要用 why或for which引导定语从句。The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late. 他迟至U 的原因是他起床晚了。(2)若关系词在从句中做主语,宾语等,要用 which或that引导定语从句。关系词做宾语时可将其省略。He gave us a reason that/which
31、sounded reasonable.他给了我们一个理由,这个理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作主语)The season (which/that ) he has given sounds reasonable.他给出的理由听起来合情合理。 (关系词做given的宾语,可省略)17. 考点提炼It was a time when 句型“ It was a time when ”翻译为:那段时间 ,为固定句式。在此固定句式中,a time 是先行词,when为关系副词,引导定语从句,并在从句中还时间状语。有时也用“There was a time when ”(曾经有一段时间 ) 。It
32、was a time when girls couldn' t 哪眦 ClOO能上学。That was a time when this country was one of the strongest countries in the world.这个国家那段时间是世界上最强大的国家之一。There was a time when he was very disappOinted and wanted tO leave here.他曾经有一段时间很失望,想离开这里。There was a time when I was getting alOng well with my class
33、mates.曾经有一段时间我和同学们相处得很好。18. 考点提炼where 引导定语从句when 为关系副词,在引导定语从句时,先行词常常为表示地点的名词,同时,where 在定语从句中做地点状语。They finally arrived at the village where they spent their childhOOd. 他们终于到达了他们度过童年的那个村庄。知识拓展当先行词为抽象名词如:activity, case, pOint 等时,如果关系词在定语从句中做状语,则用where。This is the place where I hid the key.这就是我藏钥匙的地方。
34、TOday, we ll discuss a number Of cases where beginners Of English fail tO use the language prOperly.今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。注意:( 1 )表示抽象地点的名词后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中不做状语,而是做宾语或主语等,则关系词不能用 where,而要用that/which。Remember that there is still One pOint that/which we must make clear at the cOnference tOmOrrOw.记
35、住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。( which/that 做宾语)( 2)关系副词where 引导定语从句时,可用“介词+关系代词”替换。They need an activity where ( =in which ) they can learn tO cOOperate with each Other. 他们需要一项他们能够在其中学习相互协作的活动。19. 考点提炼“ Of+ 名词”结构“ Of+ 名词”结构可在句中作表语,后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类:( 1 )不可以转化为形容词:此时,“ Of+ 名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量,大笑,颜色,类别等方面的特征。 这类
36、名词有cOlOr, size, age, height, weight , shape, type, kind , price, quality 等, 名词前可用different ,the same, a (n) 等来修饰。COins may be Of different sizes, weights, shapes, and metals. 硬币可能在大小,重量, 形状和 (铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。These pens are Of many different cOlOrs. 这些笔有许多不同的颜色。The twO rOOms are Of a size/Of the same
37、size. 这两个房间大小不一样。Tom and I are of the same age.我们汤姆一样大。(2)可以转化为同根形容词的:此时,“of+名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用,重要性或意义等。这类名词有value, use, importance , help, significance, benefit , beauty 等。名词前可用no, some, any,little , much, great 等词修饰,用来表明程度。Dictionaries are of great help ( =very helpful ) to English learners. 字典对英
38、语学习者来说很有帮助的。In fact, sports can be of great benefit ( =very beneficial ) to our health. 事实上,运动对我们的健康很有益。特别提醒2019 高一英语Unit5 Languages around the World 学案 -Section1“of+名词”和同根形容词的转换如下:be of significance=be significant 有重大的意义的be of importance=be importantbe of help=be helpful 有帮助的be of use=be useful 有用的
39、be of value=be valuable 宝贵的,很有用的be of benefit=be beneficial 有利的,有用的20. 考点提炼“ no matter+where/what ”引导的让步状语从句Beidou navigation of our country can find you no matter where you are.不管你在那儿,我们的国家的北斗导航都能够发现你。No matter what you do , you should always do what is right. 无论你做什么,你应该总是做正确的事情。特别提醒( 1 ) no matter
40、 how/who/where/when/what/which 引导让步状语从句时,可换成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever (无论多么/无论谁/无论那里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。 但当 whoever, whichever, whatever 引导名词性从句时,它们不能换成no matter who/which/what 。( 2)引导名词性从句的whoever 相当于 anyone who 或 anybody who ; whatever 相当于 anything that 。在这种情况下,名词性从句可以转换为定语从句,并且 whoever , whatever 相当于定语从句中的 “先行词+关系词”I would like
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