高考英语语法填空题型分析及解题技巧

1、语法填空题型分析及解题技巧一.短文特点年度体裁题材主题短文长度(词)20xx年记叙文生活经历给父亲买礼物198个20xx年记叙文成语故事拔苗助长179个20xx年记叙文生活经历旅游在外受人帮助196个从上表可看出，短文材料有以下特点：(1)短文体裁：近三年都是记叙文。建议：备考练习不局限于此，应各种体裁的文章都要练习。(2)短文题材：生活经历或成语故事，其内容或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。(4)短文长度：170200词。二.考点设置就命题形式而言，纯空格题设67个小题；用括号中所给词的适当形式填空设34个小题。近三年高考情况如下表

2、所示： 纯空格(题)提示词(题)20xx年6420xx年6420xx年73特别说明：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，在本文中都被列为“连接词”。（从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用；从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。）就语法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下：(1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词

3、的比较等级、词类转换等。(2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。(3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本/座/)”，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。(4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。(5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，也要训练主语从句、表语从句、

4、状语从句的连接词。(6)动词：时态重点考查了一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，动词-ing形式也要特别关注。(7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。特别提醒：(1)在纯空格题中，三年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或

5、副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。而less, more, most等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法比较等级。(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did)，以及情态动词、强调结构中的it和that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查，名词的数和所有格也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查。三.答案特点 最多填词答案每词均长纯空格题答案均长首字母大写20xx年2个(2题)3.8个字母2.5个字母0道题20xx年2个(1题)4.2个字母3.8

6、个字母1道题20xx年1个4.1个字母2.4个字母1道题(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，三年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。20xx年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。(3)要求填的词都是一些拼写简单的单词，上表显示，平均每词约4个字母。(4)三年中有两年各有一小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。特别提醒：尽管三年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一

7、个或两个单词，但非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。四.解题密招(1)通读全文，了解大意。既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。(2)试填空格，后难先易。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。(3)重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空

8、格填好后，再要经过仔细推敲。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。根据命题的三种情况来探讨各自不同的解题思路：(1)纯空格试题首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。具体分析方法有：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。例1 i can send a message to kenya whenever i want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名一模)解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“

9、马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或some, any, other(s), another等限定词。例2 it is said that a short-tempered man in the song dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33 rice crop grow up quickly. (20xx年广东高考)解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物

10、主代词his。例3 the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (20xx年广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。例4 who should have t

11、he honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. (20xx年广东高考)解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例5 two world-famous artists, pablo picasso 34 candido portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因与pablo picasso (毕加索)与can

12、dido portinari (坎迪多·波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。例6 all i saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (20xx年深圳一模)解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分

13、号或句号，一定是填连接词。例7 i wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 i was to return to guangzhou. (20xx年广州一模)解析：因i wanted to是一个句子，i was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。8 he was very tired after doing this for a whole da

14、y, 37 he felt very happy (20xx年广东高考)解析：因he was very tired是一个句子，he felt very happy也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。例9 what is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extre

15、mely rude in another. (珠三角五校联考)解析：句中what is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。 例10 he had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析：这是

16、一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)。由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。例10 and 40 was only after i heard she became s

17、ick that i learned she couldnt eat msg (味精)! (广州一模)解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。例11 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard

18、 work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：例12 as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (20xx年佛山二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。例13 dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom yo

19、u are not interested in. (20xx年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例14 this made the goat so jealous_34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (20xx年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是sothat句型，应填that。(5)morethan (与其说不如说，比更)句型。例15 cynthias story shows vividly that people rem

20、ember more how much a manager cares 40 how much he pays. 解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(2)给出了动词的试题首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例16 his fear of failure _36_(keep) him from classroom games that other ch

21、ildren played with joyous abandon. (20xx年深圳一模)解析：因主语his fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。例17 that was definitely not an attractive idea so i politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (20xx年广州一模)解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，

22、但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。例18 in logan, three people _38_ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是

23、用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。例19 but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。例20 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表

24、示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如：例21 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to complete。例22 some people say that oldest children, who are smart

25、 and strong-willed, are very likely _33 (succeed). (20xx年佛山一模)解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。例23 he saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” (20xx年东莞一模)解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因he与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。例24 t

26、he headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。例25 there will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (20xx年广州二模)解析：因a meet

27、ing与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。例26 lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：but jane knew from past experience that her _

28、36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (20xx年广东)分析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。(3)词类转换题根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：例27 the youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。例28 in

29、 a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of new zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。例29 teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。例30 when ch

30、inas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the four great inventions.解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。例31 these people have made great _39 (contribute) to china wit

31、h their work. (茂名二模)解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：例32 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (20xx年广州二模)解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。例33 with the large numbers o

32、f students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例34  as i looked 32 (close) at this girl, i fount that (20xx年深圳一模)解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。例35 there must be something 40 (serious) wrong with our so

33、ciety. (2008潮州期末)解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。例36 singles are flocking(涌向) to the internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (20xx年惠州三模)解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。如：例

34、37 people certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。例38 your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。

35、括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。例39 there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34 (attract) (20xx年广州一模)解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attractions。例40 the other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldhe jumped even _36_ (hard) and f

36、inally made himself out. (20xx年期末)解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。语法填空专项训练阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。(1)as i think back i realize how hard it is to view the world _31_ the eyes of my childhood. _32_ childs mind is still filled with the idea

37、 that anything and everything is possible. they havent begun building the mental walls yet. watch a child _33_(learn) to walk and its amazing. no matter how many times they fall down, they hop back up _34_ they instinctively know that eventually theyll be able to walk. they dont have to worry what _

38、35_ think. they have no need to put up a front(讲面子). they are who they are. but somewhere along the line they learn to be _36_(practice). their creativity is blocked over time, as the world _37_(teach) them to fit in. eventually they dont bounce back as fast when they fail. learning is now something

39、 you have to do _38_ is very boring and unpleasant. you and i _39_ tear down those walls that are closing in and start fresh. its time to bring back that sense of joy and wonder. when youre setting your goals for the new year, think like a child. set your goals as if _40_ is possible. (2)you must fi

40、rst set your goals if you are to accomplish anything in a big way. goals give you a starting place and a destination. people _31_ goals succeed because they know _32_ theyre going. plant your dreams, nourish and begin to live them. _33_ most important thing about a goal is having one. the first law

41、of success is concentration. bend _34_ of your energies to one point, and go directly to that point, looking neither to the right nor the left. concentration is the magic key _35_ opens the door to accomplishment. success is the result of well directed energy. you can, in time, become what you earne

42、stly desire to be, if you set your face in the direction of the things you want and bring all your powers to bear towards its _36_ (attain). when your physical and mental resources _37_ (focus), your power to solve problems multiplies tremendously. to do two things at once is to do neither. nothing

43、can add _38_ power to your life as much as _39_ (concentrate) all your energies on a limited set of targets. the suns rays do not burn _40_ brought to a focus. (3)a jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at a big firm.the hr manager _31_ (interview) him, then a test: clean the floor. “

44、you are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, _32_ ill send you the application to fill.” the man replied “i dont have a computer, _33_ an email”.“im sorry,” said the hr manager, “that means you do not exist. and _34_ doesnt exist cannot have the job.” the man left _35_ no hope at all. he di

45、dnt know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket.he then decided to go to the supermarket and buy a 10 kg tomato crate. he then sold the tomatoes in a door to door round. in less than two hours, he _36_ (success) in doubling his capital. he repeated the operation 3 times, and returned home with $60.

46、 5 years later, the man is one of the _37_ (big) food retailers(零售商) in the us. he started to plan his familys future, and decided to have a life insurance.he called _38_ insurance broker, and chose a protection plan. when the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him his email. the man repli

47、ed: “i dont have an email”. the broker replied _39_ (curious), “you dont have an email, and yet have established an empire! do you imagine _40_ you could have been if you had an email?the man thought for a while, and replied: “an office boy!”(4)there was once a boy who had a temper. his father gave

48、him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he _31_ hammer a nail into the back of the fence.the first day the boy _32_(drive)37 nails into the fence. over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered _33_ (gradual) decreased. he discove

49、red _34_ was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence. finally the day came _35_ he didnt lose his temper. he told his father and his father suggested that the boy now_36_ (pull) out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. the days passed and the boy told his

50、 father that all the nails were gone. the father took the boy _37_ the hand and led him to the fence. he said, “look at the holes in the fence. the fence will never be the same. when you say things in anger; they leave a scar (疤痕) just like the_38_ on the fence. it wont matter how many times you say

51、 i am sorry, _39_ wound is still there. a verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. friends are very rare. they make you smile and encourage you _40_ (success). they lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.” (5)an old man who lived in a small street in the city of mumbai had to put u

52、p _31_ the nuisance (烦心事) of having boys play cricket outside his house at night.one evening when the boys were _32_ (particular) noisy, he went out to talk to them. he explained that he was happiest _33_ he could see or hear boys playing his favourite game, cricket. he said he would give them 25 ru

53、pees (卢比) each week to play in the street at night. the boys were thrilled. they were being paid to do something they enjoyed! at the end of the first week they _34_ (knock) at the old mans door and asked him to pay them, and so he did. the second week when they asked for _35_ (pay) he said he had r

54、un out of money and sent them away with only 15 rupees. the third week the man said he had not _36_ received his pension and gave them only 10 rupees. the boys were very _37_ (disappoint) but there was not much they could do about _38_. the fourth week the man said he could not afford to pay them 25

55、 rupees _39_ he had promised, but would give them 5 rupees each week without fail. this was too much for the boys.“you expect us to play seven days _40_ week for a merely 5 rupees!” they yelled. “go to blazes.” they stormed away and never played on the street again. (6)many years ago, when i worked

56、as a volunteer at stanford hospital, i got to know a little girl _31_(name) liz who was suffering from a rare and serious disease. her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion（输血） _32_ her 5-year-old brother, _33_ had miraculously survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies needed to fight the _34_(ill).the doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy if he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. i saw h