高三英语重点知识复习指导

1、高三英语重点知识复习指导：特殊句式英语最常见的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。一、全部倒装1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如：(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句

2、子里，以表示强调。例如：Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如：(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短

3、语。例如：(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.6. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor Wh

4、ite, Professor Smith and many other guests.二、部分倒装1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意：在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.2. 否定

5、词(短语)开头的句子：表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little；含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不)，in no time(很快)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until, not only but also.，no sooner.than(1) Never shall I believe you again.(2) Little did he know who the woman was.(3) Not until I began to work did I realize

6、how much time I had wasted.3. 以so开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。例如：The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.I dont think I can walk any further.Neither can I. Lets stop for a rest.注意：当so表示对前句内容的

7、肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正常语序。例如： Tom works hard. So he does and so do you.4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。例如：If there should be a flood, what would we do? Should there be a flood, what would we do?5. 频度副词及短语often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day等放在句首时，

8、有时也倒装。例如：Many a time has he come to comfort me.6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。 例如：May you succeed!三、省略句1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词，只保留分词和其他成分。例如：Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复

9、的话，从句的句尾可省略。例如：(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice wont (sweep the floor).3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其他部分省略。例如： Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. Id be ha

10、ppy to. (Id be happy to后省略了look after your cat)4. 在英语中，有一些特殊的省略结构，如：What/How about.? Why not do.?等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如： I usually go there by train. Why not try going by boat for a change?四、反意疑问句反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行

11、提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。1反意疑问句的一般情况：(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone，everybody，someone，no one，nobody，somebody等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they，强调个体也可用he。例如：Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt he?Everyone knows what money means, doesnt he/dont they?(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或the

12、se，those时，附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。例如：This is important, isnt it?These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they?(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing等时，附加问句中的主语用it。例如：Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如：never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none， no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobo

13、dy，few，little等，附加问句一般用肯定式。例如：She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?2常见句型的反意疑问句：(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时，其后的附加问句也用there。There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, wont there?(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用will you。Dont forget the meeting, will you?祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。Give me some cigaret

14、tes, will you/ wont you?3复合句的反意疑问句当陈述部分是“Im sure，Im afraid，I dont think(suppose，expect，imagine，believe等)+宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。例如：Im sure that he is late for school, isnt he?I dont think she cares, does she?4关于情态动词的反意疑问句：(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如：You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, dont you?(2) 陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must；陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓