环境类常用词汇表

1、环境类常用词表A*A/O-anoxic and aerobic oxidation 缺氧/好氧氧化*AAS- atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收光谱abiotica.非生物的ABS-alkylbenzene sulfonate 烷基苯磺酸盐 abscissan.横坐标*absorbancen.吸光度absorbaten.被吸收的物质absorbentn.吸收剂*absorptionn.吸收作用accessoryn.附属品，附件acclimationn.驯化accumulatorn.蓄电池acet- 乙酰，次乙基acetamiden.乙酰胺*acet

2、aten.乙酸盐acetenyl- 乙炔基*acetonen.丙酮*acetylenen.乙炔acidimetryn.酸量滴定法acrylica.丙烯酸的activated adsorptionn.活性吸附activated aluminan.活性氧化铝*activated carbonn.活性炭*activated sludge aeration 活性污泥曝气*activityn.活度acyln.酰基*additiven.添加剂*adiabatica.绝热的adsorbentn.吸附剂*adsorptionn.吸附作用adsorption bar 吸附等压线adsorption isothe

3、rm 吸附等温线adversea.不利的，有害的;逆的，相反的 *adverse current逆流aer(o)- 空气，气体*aeratev.曝气*aerationn.曝气*aerobica.好氧的aerogeln.气凝胶aerogenic bacterian.产气菌*aerosoln.气溶胶affinityn.亲合力*agarn.琼脂*agentn.试剂airborne dustn.飘尘airbornea.飞行空中的，空运的，空降的al 醛*aldehyden.醛*algaen.(pl.)海藻，藻类algiciden.杀藻剂，除藻剂* aliphatica.脂肪的*alkalin.碱，强碱

4、alkalic metal碱金属*alkanen.烷*alkenen.烯烃alkyln.烷基alkyl mercuryn.烷基汞allyln.烯丙基alumn.硫酸铝，明矾aluminum sulfaten.硫酸铝*ambienta.周围的，环境的 n.环境，环绕空间*amiden.酰胺*aminen.胺*amino-氨基*ammonia nitrogen n.氨氮ammonia-soda process 氨碱法*ammoniumn.铵(NH4+)amphoterica.两性的amyl- 戊基amylolysisn.淀粉水解amylopectinn.支链淀粉amylosen.直链淀粉*anae

5、robica.厌氧的*anaerobic digestionn.厌氧消化*analytic balancen.分析天平-ane 烷（饱和）anhydriden.（酸）酐*anilinen.苯胺*anionica.阴离子的anisotropica.各向异性的annulara.环形的，轮形的*anoxica.缺氧的antifoamern.防沫剂，消泡剂apparatusn.仪器，装置appurtenancen.附属设备，附件aquatica.水生的*aquifern.蓄水层aquo-水合argonn.氩*aromatica.芳香的aryln.芳香基asbestosn.石棉asphaltn.沥青，柏

6、油assayv./n. 化验，（药物）分析，检定assimilatev.同化*atmospheric boundary 大气边界层atmospheric dispersion model 大气弥散模式*atomizern.雾化器autoclaven.高压釜*auto-exhaust 机动车排气autopurificationn.自净作用* autotrophica.自养的autotrophn.自养生物axial-flow pumpn.轴流泵azeotropen.共沸混合物，恒沸物azeotropica.共沸混合物的aziden.叠氮化合物azo- 偶氮基*azo-dyen.偶氮染料azotiz

7、ev.固氮B*back extraction反萃取backupn.支持，备用设备backwashingn.反冲洗*bafflen.档板，折流板*bar rack 粗格栅basen.碱，强碱basic carbonate碱式碳酸盐*batchn.一次的份量，一批beakern.烧杯*bench-scalea.小型的，小试的，实验室规模的bentoniten.膨润土*benzo-苯并*benzoica.安香息酸的，苯甲酸的benzoxy- 苯甲酸基 *benzyln.苯甲基*benzenen.苯bicarbonaten.酸式碳酸盐binarya.由两部分组成的，二进制的,二元的*bio- 生物的-

8、*bioactivityn.生物活性bioassayn.生物鉴定*biochemicala.生化的*bioconcentration n.生物富集*biodegradablea.生物可降解的bio-disk system生物转盘*biofilmn.生物膜*biologicala.生物学的*biomassn.生物量biooxidationn.生物氧化*bioremediationn.生物法恢复补救biospheren.生物圈biotan.生物群biotopen.群落生境*biouptaken.生物吸收blank test空白试验blowern.鼓风机*BOD-biochemical oxygen

9、 demand 生化需氧量*boilern.锅炉breakdownn.细目分类break-point chlorination 折点加氯*brinen.盐水，海水*BTEX-benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯*buffern.缓冲，挡板*bulkingn.膨胀*bulking sludge污泥膨胀bumpern.缓冲器*buretn.滴定管but- 丁*butanen.丁烷butyl-丁基by-productn.副产物C*calibratev.标定，校准*calomeln.甘汞*capillaryn.毛细管capsulen.容器；航天舱

10、，密封舱；胶囊captionn.标题，（图片的）说明，解说词carbohydraten.碳水化合物*carbolic a.（苯）酚的carbon mono(o)xiden.一氧化碳*carbonaceousa.碳的，含碳的*carbonyl n.羰基*carboxyl-羧基*carboxylic a.羧基的carcinogenica.致癌的*catalystn.催化剂*cationica.阳离子的*caustica.苛性的cavernousa.多孔的celiten.硅藻土cellulara.细胞的cellulosen.纤维素center take off中心出水*centrifugala.离心

11、的centrifugen.离心机*centripetal a.向心的*chain reactionn.链式反应charn.煤焦charcoaln.木炭chelantn.螯合剂*chlorinationn.氯化作用chlorine n.氯，氯气chloro-氯chlorobenzenen.氯苯*chlorofluorohydrocarbonn.氯氟烃*chloroformn.氯仿chloroplastn.叶绿体*chromatographyn.色谱法，层析cindern.煤渣，炉渣*cis-顺*clarifiern.澄清池，澄清剂claus processn.克劳斯二级脱硫法*CMR-combi

12、native mixed reaction n.完全混和式反应器*coagulationn.凝结coal-tar n.煤焦油coatingn.涂敷，涂布cocatalystn.助催化剂cockn.考克，旋塞*COD-chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量*coefficientn.系数coken.焦炭cold trap n.冷阱*coliformn.大肠杆菌collaborationn.合作，协作*colloidala.胶状的*colorimeter n.比色计comminution n.粉碎*common-ion effectn.同离子效应comonomer n.共聚单体c

13、ompartment n.隔板，间格，部分compatibility n.兼容性，配伍性*competitive adsorption n.竞争吸附complex n.络合物*complexation n.络合作用compleximetric a.络合滴定的composite n.合成物*compost n.堆肥*concentration n.浓度concentration solubility product浓度溶度积condensation n.冷凝，浓缩*conduit n.导管conjugated acid n.共轭酸*conjugationn.共轭*consecutive reac

14、tionn.连串反应conservationn.保存，保护，守恒consistencyn.连贯性，粘稠性*consolen.控制台，仪表板constant rate pumpn.恒流泵*constant temperature bathn.恒温浴*constituentn.成分*contaminantn.污染物*contour n.轮廓线，等值线，周道contractor n.立约人，承包商coprecipitate v.共沉淀correlate v.相关，使相互关联 corrode v.腐蚀*corrosionn.腐蚀counter- 逆countercurrent n.逆流courier

15、n.信使，通信员*covalent a.共价的cracking n.裂解*cresol n.甲酚criteria n.规范，标准*crucible n.坩埚cryogenic a.低温的crystaln.晶体，水晶crystalline a.晶体的*culture n.培养液cure v.硫化，固化cyanide n.氰化物*cyclone n.旋风分离器cylinder n.汽缸Ddata processing数据处理databasen.数据库dec-癸deca十decantation n.倾析法*decibel n.分贝deep shaft reactor 深井曝气degenerate n

16、.退化，变性，变质 *degrit v.除砂*deplete v.耗尽，弄空*derivativen.衍生物desiccationn.干燥destructive distillation干馏detention n.停留*detergent n.清洁剂，去垢剂deteriorate v.使恶化，损坏dew n.露*dextrorotatory a.右旋光的di- 二*dialysis n.渗析*diaphragm n.横隔膜diastase n.淀粉酶*diazo- 重氮基diazo salt 重氮盐*dichromate n.重铬酸盐*diesel n.柴油机，内燃机differential

17、potentiometric titration 差示电位滴定*diffraction n.衍射diffraction analysis 衍射分析*diffuser n.扩散器digestion n.消化*diolefin n.二烯烃*dioxins n.二恶英dipole moment 偶极距*direct anodic stripping voltammetry 直接阳极溶出伏安法discrepancy n.误差，偏差discretea.连续的，离散的*disinfectv.消毒disinfectant n.消毒剂disintegrator n.粉碎机*disposal v.处理，处置di

18、ssolved-air flotation 溶气浮选法*distillation n.蒸馏*diurnal a.白天的*DO-dissolved oxygen 溶解氧dosage n.剂量*drainage n.排水，排水设备droplet n.微滴dyes n.染料EE.coli.(escherichia coli) n.埃希氏大肠杆菌ebullating bed 沸腾床ECD-electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器*ecology n.生态学ecosystemn.生态系统*effluent n.出水，流出物*EIA-environmental impact as

19、sessment 环境影响评价*electrocapillarity n.电毛细管现象 electrolyte n.电解质，电解液electronegativity n.电负性electromicroscope n.电子显微镜*electro-osmosis n.电渗透 electroplate n.电镀*eluant n.洗提液empirical a.经验主义的*emulsion n.乳化液，乳浊液encapsulate v.密封endo- 内-*endogenous a.内源的*endrin n.异狄氏剂 -ene 烯ennea 九个一组*enthalpy n.焓*entropy n.熵*

20、environmental hormone 环境激素*enzyme n.酶EPA-environmental protection agency 环境保护局*epoxy a.环氧的n.环氧树脂epoxy- 环氧基*equivalent a.等当量的erode v.腐蚀erratic a.不稳定的,不规律的 *ester n.酯类-ester 酯esterification n.酯化反应estuary n.河口eth- 乙*ether n.醚-ether 醚ethylene n.乙烯eutection a低共熔体的，易熔的eutrophic a.富营养化的eutrophication n.富营养

21、化evaporation n.蒸发作用 *exchange adsorption n.交换吸附excreta n.排泄物*exothermicity n.放热性exponent n.指数*extended aeration 延时曝气*extracellular enzyme 胞外酶*extraction n.萃取extrapolation n.外推法，推断Ffacilities n.设施factoring n.因式分解*facultative a.兼性的ferri- 铁*ferric a.三价铁的ferrite n.铁素体，铁氧体*ferro- 亚铁*ferrous a.亚铁的*filamen

22、tous n.丝状菌*filtrate n.滤液v.过滤filtration n.过滤flake n.薄片flame spectrophotometry 火焰光度法flap n.活盖，活板*flask n.烧瓶flex n.软管*flocculation n.絮凝*flotation n.气浮，浮选*flowrate n.流量，流速flue-gas desulfurization 烟气脱硫fluffy a.松散的，易碎的fluidized bed 流化床fluoride n.氟化物fluorimetry n.荧光计fluorine n.氟flush v.冲洗，水淹foliage n.植物，树叶

23、*formaldehyde n.甲醛*formalin n.福尔马林*formic a.甲酸的fossil n.化石fractionation n.分馏，分凝free swimming ciliates 游泳型纤毛虫Freon n.氟利昂front-panel n.面板frothing n.起泡*FRP-fiberglass reinforced plastics 玻璃钢fugacity n.逸度full-scale n.实际尺寸a.大规模的fume n.难闻的的气味 v.烟熏fungi n.真菌fungicide n.除菌剂G*GAC-granular activated carbon 颗粒

24、活性炭galactose n.半乳糖galvanometer n.检流计*gasifier n.气化器*GC/MS-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 色质联用gel n.冻胶，凝胶generic a.属的，类的geothermal stream 地热流*glucose n.葡萄糖*glycerol n.甘油，丙三醇granular a.颗粒状的granulometry n.粒度分析grating n.光栅，格栅gravel n.砾石gravimetric a.测定重量的*greenhouse effect 温室效应grit n.粗砂，磨料gunite n

25、.水泥砂浆层H*halide n.卤化物*halo- 卤*halogen n.卤素handbook n.手册，指南*hazardous a.危险的，冒险的*headloss n.水头损失heat capacity at constant pressure 等压热容*heat capacity at constant volume 等容热容helical a.螺旋的helical agitator 螺旋式搅拌器hept- 庚hepta 七herbicide n.除草剂hetero- 杂*heterogeneity n.不均匀性，异相性*heterotrophic a.异养的hex- 己hexa-

26、 六hinder v.阻止，阻碍hood n.通风橱*hopper n.漏斗hose n.胶管*HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography 高压液相色谱*HRT-hydraulic retention time 水力停留时间*humus n.腐殖质*hybridism a.杂化的*hydration n.水合作用*hydraulic a.水力的 *hydro- 氢化*hydrocarbon n.碳氢化合物，烃类hydrochloric acid 盐酸*hydrolysis n.水解*hydrophilic a.亲水的*hydrophobic a.疏水

27、的hydrosol n.水溶胶hydrostatic a.流体静力学的hydroxide n.氢氧化物*hydroxyl- 羟基hygroscopic a.吸湿性的hyperbola n.双曲线*hypo- 次*hypochlorite n.次氯酸盐hypothesis n.假设，前提-ic anhydride 酸酐IC-ion chromatography 离子色谱*imhoff a.双层的-imide 酰亚胺*-imine 亚胺 immobilize v.使不动，使固定*immobilized enzyme 固定化酶*impeller n.叶轮*in situ n.现场incidence

28、n.发生率*incinerate v.焚烧*incubation n.培养*indicator n.指示剂inert n.惰性inertia n.惯性*influent n.进水*inhalable a.可吸入的*inhibit v.约束，抑制insecticide n.杀虫剂*instrumental analysis 仪器分析intake n.摄入量*intermittent a.间歇式的，周期性的*intracellular enzyme n.胞内酶*intrinsic a.内在的，本质的，固有的*inventory n.（商品.物资等）清单，目录iodine n.碘*ion n.离子*

29、ion exchanger 离子交换剂ionpair n.离子对*IP-inhalable particle 可吸入颗粒物iso- 异isobutyl- 异丁基*isomer n.同分异构体*isopiestic a.等压的*isopropyl n.异丙基*isotope n.同位素*isotropy n.各向同性iterative method 迭代法Jjack n.起重机，千斤顶，插座K*ketone .n.酮*kinetic a.动力学的 L*lactic a.乳酸的lactose n.乳糖*lagoon n.氧化塘*laminar a.层流的*landfill v.填埋LAS-line

30、ar alkyl benzene sulfonate 线性烷基苯磺酸盐lathe n.车床lattice n.晶格，点阵，网络结构*leachate n.渗出液，沥出液*lean phase n.贫相levorotatory a.左旋光的lift pipe 提升管*lignin n.木质素*lime n.石灰limestone n.石灰石*liner n.衬里litmus n.石蕊*loading n.负荷logarithmic a.对数的*LPG-liquified petroleum gas 液化石油气lyophilic a.亲液的lysimetric a.溶度的M*manifold n.

31、歧管marsh gas 沼气mass balance 物料衡算*membrane n.膜*mercaptan n.硫醇mercury n.汞meteorological a.气象学的，气象的mesoscale n.中间尺度*meta- 偏,间位*metabolism n.新陈代谢metallurgical a.冶金学的，冶金术的metasilicate n.硅酸盐metastable a.亚稳态的metathesis n.复分解作用*meth- 甲*methane n.甲烷methodology n.方法学，分类法*methyl- 甲基*microorganism n.微生物microscre

32、ening n.超滤*MLSS-mixed liquor suspended solid 混合液中悬浮固体*MLVSS- mixed liquor volatile suspended solid 混合液中挥发性悬浮固体moiety n.部分，半个*molality n.(重量) 摩尔浓度 molarity n.(体积) 摩尔浓度molecular adsorption 分子吸附moment n.矩mono- 单monome n.单体monophase a.单相的 moving-bed reactor 移动床反应器*municipal a.市政的mutagenicity n.诱变性*MW-mo

33、lecular weight 分子量 N*n- 正*naphthalene n.萘，卫生球*napthene n.环烷烃*NDIR-nondispersive infrared method 非分散红外法nebulous a.模糊的neuston n.飘浮生物nitrosation n.亚硝化作用 *nitrile n.腈*nitrite n.亚硝酸盐*nitro- 硝基*nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitroso- 亚硝基*NMHC-non-methane hydrocarbon compounds 非甲烷总烃*NMR-nuclear magnetic resonance sp

34、ectroscopy 核磁共振nocturnal a.夜晚的nomenclature n.术语non- 壬*normality n.当量浓度，正态性*nucleophilic a.亲核的 O*oct- 辛octa 八octane number 辛烷值odor n.气味off-gas n.废气*off-line a.离线的oil refining 炼油，石油精制*-ol 醇*olephilic a.亲油的*olephobic a.疏油的olfactory a.嗅觉的-one 酮on-line analysis 在线分析*on-site a.在场的，就地的*ORP-oxidation reduct

35、ion potential 氧化还原电位*ortho- 原，邻位orthogonal a.直角的，正交的OTEoxygen transfer efficiency 氧传输效率*OURoxygen utlization rates 氧利用效率outfall n.排水口overdraft n.透支，透支额*overflow n./v.溢流oxa- 氧杂oxalate n.草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidant n.氧化剂oxidase n.氧化酶oxidation n.氧化作用-oxide 氧*oxygen sag curve 氧垂曲线oxygen transfer coefficien

36、t 供氧系数-oyl 酰*ozone depletion 臭氧耗竭*ozonization n.臭氧化P*packing n.填料*PAC-powder activated carbon,polyaluminum chloride 粉末活性炭，聚合氯化铝paddle n.桨*PAH-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳烃PAM-polyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺*PAN-peroxy acetyl nitrate 过氧硝酸乙酰酯paper pulp n.纸浆*para- 对，仲*paraffin n.烷烃，石蜡particulate n.颗粒物path

37、ogenic a.病原的，致病的*PCB-polychlorinated biphenyl 多氯联苯pent- 戊penta 五*peptide n.肽化合物per- 过*percolate n.渗透液v.过滤percolation n.渗透 perforated plate .多孔板peristaltic pump 蠕动泵permeate v.渗透*peroxide n.过氧化物*peroxy- 过氧*pesticide n.农药petroleum ether n.石油醚PFC-polyferric chloride 聚合氯化铁*PFR-plug flow reactor 活塞流反应器pha

38、rmaceutical a.制药的，药学的phase change 相变*phenol n.酚类phenolic a.酚的phenolic resin n.酚醛树脂*phenyl n.苯基phosgenen.光气phosphate n.磷酸盐（酯）phosphite n.亚磷酸盐（酯）phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorus n.磷*photo- 光*photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photoelectric a.光电的*photolysis n.光解photosensitize v.光敏化*photosynthesis n.光合作用*phreatic pump

39、 潜水泵phthalate n.邻苯二甲酸盐（酯）*physicochemical a.物理化学的*phytoplankton n.浮游植物pigment n.颜料，色素pigmented flagellate n.有色鞭毛虫pilot-scale n.中试*pinene n.松萜,蒎烯pipeline n.管道，线路，管路*piston compressor 活塞压缩机pit n.坑，斗*plankton n.浮游生物*plasma n.等离子体plastifier n.增塑剂plate heat exchanger 板式换热器*plate-and-frame filter press 板框

40、压滤机*plug-flow n.推流，活塞流PM-particulate matter 颗粒物*pneumatic a.气动的，气体的 polarography n.极谱法poly-聚polyacrylamide n.聚丙烯酰胺polycondensation n.缩聚作用*polycyclic a.多环的polyester n.聚酯polyether n.聚醚polymer n.聚合体*polymeric a.聚合的，聚合物的polyol n.多元醇polysaccharide n.多糖polyurethane n.聚氨酯porcelain n.瓷，瓷器（总称）*porosity n.孔隙性

41、，多孔性porous a.多孔的*potable a.可饮用的，饮用的*potassium n.钾*ppb-part per billion 十亿分之一*ppm- part per million 百万分之一*ppt-part per trillion 万亿分之一pressurization n.加压*primary a.伯的，一级的prism n.棱镜probalistic a.概率的proceeding n.会刊，科研报告集processing wastewater 工艺废水prop- 丙propeller n.桨propynyl n.丙炔基prototype n.原型，样品*protoz

42、oan n.原生动物pseudo-a.伪的*pseudo-first order伪一级反应pulp n.纸浆*pump head 泵压头*pump lift 泵扬程*PVC-polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯pyrene n.芘pyrx n.硼硅酸玻璃pyridine n.嘧啶*pyrolysisn.热解Q*qualitative a.定性的*quantitative a.定量的*quasi- 准*quaternary a.季的，四元的 Rradial n.径向radial flow tank 辐流式沉淀池*radon n.氡*raffinate n.萃余液，残液*rainout n

43、.雨洗*rake n.耙rasching ring n.拉西环rated horsepower 额定功率*RBC-rotating biological contactor 生物转盘*reagent n.试剂*recalcitrant a.难降解的，难对付的，难治理的recess n.凹槽*reciprocating a.往复的cystallization n.重结晶rectify v.精馏*reductase n.还原酶reduction gearbox 减速齿轮箱reflux n.回流*refractory a.难降解的refuse n.垃圾，废物，弃物regeneration n.再生r

44、egulatory a.调节的，调整的reluctance n.磁阻，阻抗replica n.复制品，拷贝residual analysis 残差分析*resin n.树脂retention n.保留，停留reversion extraction 反萃取*RFC-reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土rheology n.流变学rheological a.流变的*rim take off 周边出水*rising sludge 污泥上浮*roots blower 罗茨鼓风机rotifers n.轮虫*runoff n.地表径流Ssaccharide n.糖类 salicylic a.水杨酸的salicylic acid 水杨酸salinity n.含盐量salting out 盐析，加盐分离saponification n.皂化sarcoidina n.肉足纲saturated a.饱和的SBR-sequential batch reactor 序批式反应器*scour v.冲刷*s