汉英法律专业词汇法理法制史宪法学

1、汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）jurisprudence, history of legal systems and constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务： assume obliga.tions in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system案例汇编 case book; case repor

2、t; law report柏拉图plato保护人权与基本自由公约（1950） convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, 1950（罗）被视为 be deemed as被宣布为非法 be outlawed; be declared i 1 legal 比较法 comparative law比较法学 comparative jurisprudence 比较法学派 school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史 comparative legal history

3、比较分析法 method of comparative analysis 比较开lj法 comparative penal law比较开lj法学 comparative penal jurisprudence 必然因果关系 positive causal relationship 边缘法学 borderline jurisprudence 变通办法 adaptat i on; accommodat ion 补充规定 supplcmc nt ary provisi on补救办法 remedial measures不成文法unwritten law 不成文宪法 unwritten constitu

4、tion 不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci 不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere 不可侵犯性inviolability 不可让与性inal ienabil i ty 不履行法律义务 non-performance of obligation 不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act 不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为 ab

5、stain from an act; act of omission department law部门规章regulation参照 consul t参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions 参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 code justinian; codex justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编authenticum超岀法律范围的outside of law超岀法律权限的extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction 成文法 written law成文宪法

6、 wr i tien const i tut ion冲突法 confl ict of 1 aws; rules of confl ict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated （by this 1 aw） 除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the publ ic interests触犯国际利益 go against the state' s interests触犯人民利益 encr

7、oach on the intcrcsts of the people; go against the people' s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄come of age大法 the fun dam cn tai law 大法官 lord high chancellor 大法官法院court of ch

8、ancery 大陆法系 continental legal system 大律师 barrister大明律criminal law of the ming dynasty （屮） 大陪审团grand jury大清律例the criminal laws of the qing dynasty （中）大宪章(1215) great charter, 1215(英)单行法规 specific regulations单一法律体系 unitary legal system单制政府 unitary government但书 proviso当代法学动向 current trend of jurisprude

9、nce当然解释 natural interpretation党纟己国法 party discipline and the law of the country道德规范 norm of moral i ty道德义务 moral obligation徳国民法典german civil code德拉古draco地方各级人民代表大会 local people，s congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院 local people' s courts at different levels 地方各级人民检察院 local peoplc, s procurat

10、orates at different levels 地方各级人民政府 local people" s governments at different levels第二读 second reading第三读 third reading二元论 the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the naturc of law法的变化changes of law法的定义 definition

11、 of law法的发展 development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念 concepts of law法的规范作用 normalized usage of law法的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施 administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用 appl ication of law法律的统一 unification of law 法律的推定 presumption of law 法律的

12、推理analogy of law 法律的完整性integrity of law 法律的效力范围force' s scale of law法律的效力形式force' s form of law 法律的修改alteration of law 法律的演进evolutin of law 法律的原理principle of law 法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law 编纂法律方法legal methodology 法律分类 classification of law 法律赋予权力 authority conferre

13、d by law 法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis 法律工作者 legal professional 法律关系 legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation 法律关系主体 subject of legal relation 法律规定 provisions of law 法律规范norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系system of legal ru

14、les 法律含义 intendment of law 法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law 法律现象 legal phenomenon 法律研究 legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice 法律意见书legal opinion 法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源source of law 法律原木注释gl

15、oss 法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legal i ty法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation 法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibi 1 ity 法律责任的认定 determination of legal rcsponsibility 法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility

16、法律责任客体 object of legal responsib订ityphilosophia juris法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility 法律哲学 phi losophy of law; phi losophie du droi t （法）； 法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道徳legal ethics法律指导legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of 1 aw; legal system法律秩序legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of

17、 law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treatise and textbook法律咨询legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法肓 legal 订 lit era tes法权right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudenee 法学博士 doctor of juri

18、sprudence 法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence 法学方法 met hod of juri sprude nee 法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书law textbooks法学理论 theo

19、ry of law; legal theory法学权威 an academic authori ty in law 法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence 法学通论 first principles of law 法学院 faculty of 1 aw; law school 法医 forensic medicine 法医学 forcnsic medicine法院court法院调查 judicial investigation 法院管辖权 compete nee of cour t 法院管辖以外的extrajudicial 法院判决 co

20、urt decision法院系统 court structure 法院组织法judicature act 法则 articles 法哲学 phi losophy of law 法制 legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system 法制的精神 spirit of legality 法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system 法制观念legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education; education of legal sy

21、stem 法制史 legal history; history of legal system 法治 rule of law 法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law 法治的要素 the clement of rule of law非实质的immaterial 非营利的non-profit 非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分另憎辖权separate jurisdiction分另ij财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 s

22、hare the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide rcsponsib订ity for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级管理 different levels holding different responsibi 1 ities 分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence 否决权 power veto; ve

23、to power 否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决 acccpt a judgment符合程序be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 const i tut ional i ty符合宪法的法律const i tut ional law符合原贝ij be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯gaius 概括裁定 general verdict 概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正 interfe

24、rence with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly central ize高度民主 high level of democracy 高度自治权 high degree of autonomy 高级法官 senior judge 高级法院 superior court高级人民法院 higher people' s court高级人民检

25、察院 higher people' s procuratortate 扌阁置 set aside; abeyance 格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则normative rule of law规范法学 normati ve juri sprudenee规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative leg

26、al document 国际法 international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原贝doctrinc of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty汉穆拉比法典code of hammurabi合并条款 consol idation of provisions合法的个人财产legal personal property合法地位legal status合法权益 the lawfu

27、l rights and interests 合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose 合宪性 constitutional ity 衡平法equity衡平法规则rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 court of chancery （美）；court of equity （英）后法取代前法 a later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex postcrior dcrogat priori户籍所在地：the place where

28、 his residence is registered 互为因果 reciprocal causation 基木法 fundamental law 基本法律规范basic norm of law 基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务basic rights and duties 基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption 技术性法规 technical legal rule 家庭法fami ly law 建立法律关系 create legal relations教会法 canon law教会法大全corpus juris c

29、anonici 教会法学家decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation 解释权 power of interpretat ion近因 immediate cause 禁治产人 imbeci le; interdicted person 经常居住地：habitual residence 经法律确认的ascertained by law 经法律许可authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law 纟l|问式审判 trial by inspection or examination 具有法

30、律约束力的文件legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的with equal authenticity 具有约束力的判例binding precedent绝对衡平法absolute equity 君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy 开罗会议 cairo conference 凯恩斯主义keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocable juristic act可让与性alienability 可用法律强制执行的enforceable at law 可预见的foreseeable 可直接适用的法律directly applicable

31、law 可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition 客观因素 objective factor 客体object 扩充解释 amplified interpretation 理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说 theory of rati onal deci si on 理性认识 conceptual knowl edge 历史法学 historical jurisprudcncc 历史法学派 historical school of law 历史解释 historical interpretati

32、on立法机构 legislative body 立法权 1 aw-making power; legislative power 立法委任权 legislation mandate 立法效力 legislative effect 立法议案mils立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests 利害关系人 interested person 连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpr

33、etation 罗马法 roman law; jus romanum 罗马法系 roman-law system 罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世justinian i罗马法理学jurisprudential罗马法律汇编roman digest罗马法学派 school of romanists 罗马一日耳曼法系roman-germanic fami ly 罗马私法jus privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation 马伯里诉麦迪逊案marbury vs. madison 马克思主义法律理论marx ism-leninism 马克思主义法学marxist jurisprudence

34、 马克思主义法学家marxist jurist没有事实根据的unsubstantial美国 国际法 i 办会 american ins tit ute of inter nati onal law 美国海事法庭 admiralty courts of the u. s. a.美国联邦地区法院 united states district courts 美国联邦法官federal judge没有法律依据的lawless没有判决先例的案件case of first impression民法大全corpus juris civ订is民法典civil code民法法系civ订-law system民法

35、通则：general principles of the civil law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中"占有优势证据”的原则"by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights 民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学civil procedure law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代

36、法规 laws and regulations of ming dynasty 明示或默示的express or impl ied默示表达 communicalion by impl ication 拿破仑法典the code napolean内部规章 internal rcgulations 纟内妾制 concubinage南京条约(1843) treaty of nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖mancipatio 欧洲大陆法continental law 偶然权利 contingent right 偶然因果关系 fortui tous causal

37、 relationship偶然因素accidental ia 偶因 accidenteil cause 排他的权利 right to exclude all others 派生的权利derived right派生取得 deri vat i ve acquisi t ion判例法系 case law system 普通法法系 common-law system 判例法系 case law system 判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments 普通法common law普通法法系 common-law system 普通法上的补偿common-law remedy 普

38、通法上的过失common-law negligence 普通法上的留置权common-law lien 普通法学 general juri sprudenee强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions 强制性法规 mandatory rule of law 强制性条款mandatory term 侵犯财产权property torts侵权行为法tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations 区域性法律体系regional system of laws 取证 obt

39、ain evidenee确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation 人法 human 1 aw, statute personal ia 人格减等 capitis dcminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal r

40、elation任意解释 arbi trary interpretation口耳曼法germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith 商法 commercial law 商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudenee 社会契约论 theory

41、 of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法di vine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system 审计监督 supervise through auditing 审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing 生效条款 operative clause失效法律e

42、xpired laws失效日 expiry date施行细贝implementary provisions实证主义法学派the positivist school十二表法twelve tables实体法 matcrial law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩substantial defense 实体权利 substantive right 实用主义法学 judicial pragmatic ism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派positivist实在主义法学 posi ti vist jurisprudenc

43、e实证法学 positive jurisprudenee实质条款 mate rial sti pula tion 实质性的瑕疵defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall a

44、pply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿damages梭伦solon弹性宪法 elastic const i tut io n特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案 motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇retaliation推定合法

45、presumption of legal i ty停止生效 cease to have effect外国法 forcign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力absolute disability万民v去 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict 违宪 vio

46、lation of constitution乌尔比安ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细贝ij detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除夕卜except as hereinafter p

47、rovided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律current 1 aw; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation判例法系 case law system普通法法系 common-law system判例法系 case law system判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法common law普通法法系 common-law system 普通法上的补偿common-law remedy 普通法上的过失

48、common-law negligence 普通法上的留置权common-law lien 普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款mandatory term侵犯财产权property torts侵权行为法tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up 1 aws and regulations区域性法律体系regional system of laws取证 obtain evidenc

49、e确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation 人法 human 1 aw, statute personalia 人格减等 capi t is demi nut io人身不可侵犯 inviolabil ity of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation

50、任意解释 arbitrary interpretation日耳曼法germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 scparation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith 商法 commercial law 商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudenee社会关系 social relations 社会规范 social regulation 社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence 社会契约论theory of soc

51、ial contract社会团体： social organization 社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudenee 社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system 审计监督 supervise through auditing 审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing 生效条款 operative clause 失效法律expi

52、 red 1 aws失效日 expiry date施行细贝9 implementar) provisions 实证主义法学派the positivist school十二表法twelve tables 实体法 material 1 aw; substantial law实体法上的抗辩substantial defense实体权利 substantive right 实用主义法学 judicial pragmatic ism 实在法 positive law 实在法学 positive jurisprudenee实在法学派positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprud

53、ence 实证法学 positive jurisprudenee 实质条款 material stipulation 实质性的瑕疵defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation 事实的推定 presumption of fact 事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the 1 aw; appl icable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc s

54、hall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity 溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect 损害赔偿damages 梭伦solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso 特别法 special law 特殊主体 special subject提案 motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead 条约法 law of treaties同态复仇retaliat

55、ion推定合法 presumption of legality停止生效 cease to have effect外国法 foreign law 外国法制史 foreign legal hi story 外国人待遇 foreigner treatment 完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of deli

56、ct 违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons 无条件解释 unconditional interpretation 无效的法律void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 marcus tullius cicero习惯法custom law细贝!j det ailed rules and regulations; det ails by-laws狭义解释 narrow def initio n下文另有规定者除外except as

57、 hereinafter provided 先决条件 precede nt cond ition; prcrcquis itc 现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence 现行法律 current law; existing law 限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amcndmcnt 宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence 相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence 新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 new law , novel lae 行为规范 code of conduct 学说编纂the pandckta 形式主义法学 formal ist jurisprudence 亚里士多德aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation 严重不法行为 aggravated