初中最新50套高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)及解析

1、最新50套高中英语阅读理解（社会文化）及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1 .阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Moscow city authorities have begun using comics （漫画）with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants （移民）how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to "keep a positive image" of the cit

2、y and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual （手册）.Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from exSoviet republics in Centr

3、al Asia, the Caucasus （高力口索）and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the "dos" and "don&#

4、39;ts" to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely （ 例行公事 ）stop them to check their documents.In the manual, Russia's famous "three warriors" are meant to repr

5、esent the city's law enforcement agencies （执法机关 ）,while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky （a historical character） is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of

6、following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported （马区逐出境 ）or banned from entry.The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian."

7、We want to raise their level of law awareness," he added.Migrant characters had initially （最初）been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as "not to offend anyone", said Mr. Kalinin."The old conflict

8、 between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived," Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be "difficult" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.（1） The underlined

9、word "antagonists" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by "".A. friendsB. acquaintancesC. cooperatorsD. opponents（2） People from other countries come to Moscow "".A. to find well-paid jobsB. to have a new lifestyleC. to enjoy the fine climateD. to experience a new c

10、ulture（3） The third paragraph is mainly about "".A. consequences the migrants may sufferB. the purpose of publishing the handbookC. the measures to attract foreign migrantsD. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales（4） Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

11、A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in RussiaB. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobsC. More and more foreign migrants to work in MoscowD. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave【答案】(1) DA(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。(1)考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"They say

12、 a 100-page guide is needed to' keep a positiveimage ' of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants."可知， 他们说 需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关 系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为敌手、对手”，故选Do(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Many migrants from ex-Sov

13、iet republics in Central Asia,the Caucasus (高力口索)and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries." 可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们 被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选 Ao(3)考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the'd

14、os' and'don'ts ' to migranMl”,新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选 Bo(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscow city authorities havebegun using comics (漫画)with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants ( 移民) how they should behave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民

15、解释行为 规范，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归 纳，从而选出正确答案。2 .阅读理解March 21 has been declared World Sleep Day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. Many sleep experts hope it will be a wake-up call.According to a poll (民意调查)by the National

16、Sleep Foundation, nearly 4 in 5 Americans don't get as much sleep as they should during the workweek. On average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some won't do well without more. But the survey found that, on weekdays,

17、only 21% of Americans actually get a fulleight hours of sleep, and another 21% get less than six hours.To many of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. And those

18、 are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get enough sleep, researchers say. Also on the plus side: We're likely to have better skin, better memories, better judgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives.“When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influenc es your

19、 performance the next day, " says Dr. Alon Avidan, director of the UCLA Sleep Disorders Center.A study published last year found the same to be true even of children. When kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didn't function as well during the day.But sleepin

20、g has an image problem." We see napping or sleeping as lazy," says Jennifer Vrienclinical psychologist in Ottawa, Canada, and the leading author of the study with children.so much emphasis on d iet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat. In fact," she ad(matter how much we

21、 work out, no matter how well we eat, we can't be in top physical shape unless we also get plenty of sleep.”(1) The underlined part in Paragraph 1 means _.A. waking up the sleepersB. drawing people's attentionC. serving as a morning callD. declaring the special day(2) From Paragraph 3 we can

22、 infer that _.A. being healthier is one of the advantages for usB. sleeping has nothing to do with one's expectationsC. enough sleep is the guarantee of the appealing thingsD. spending more time in sleeping is a waste of time(3) What Jennifer Vriend said in the last paragraph implies that A. peo

23、ple care little about sleepingB. sleeping is an image problemC. lazy people tend to sleep longD. sleeping is only part of our life(4) What is the purpose of the passage?A. To talk about people's sleeping problems.B. To provide an investigation result of sleeping.C. To stress the function of slee

24、ping at night.D. To arouse the awareness of enough sleep.【答案】(1) BC(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要，为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。(1)考查词义猜测。此处指，睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人 们对睡眠的重视。由此可知,a wake-up call含有警钟的意思。与 B项表述的意思相近，故选Bo(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Orthe other hand, the thought of being smarter, th

25、inner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal.可知，充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等，这些都是有吸引力的事情。故选 C。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"We)ut so much emphasis on diet, nutrition andexercise. Sleep is in the back seat.可知，人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼，不很重视睡眠。故选 A。(4)考查推理判断。这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性，呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判

26、断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考 生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解A music festival is a community event focusingon live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presentedwith a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world.Find your favorite now!Field DayJanuary 1,2018. S

27、ydneyField Pay means New Year's Day for young peoplein Sydney. Seen as the city's original multi 一 stage party, it's a gathering of friends comingtogether for a great fun - filled first day of the year. There's an air of hopeand positive energy on a perfect summer's day.The Envis

28、ion FestivalFebruary 22 25, 2018, UvitaThe Envision Festival is an annual gathering inCosta Rica that aims to provide an opportunityfor different cultures to work with one another to create a better community.The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, andeducation. Me

29、anwhile, our connection with nature is expected to bestrengthened.The McDowell Mountain Music FestivalMarch 2 - 4, 2018, PhoenixThe McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix 、musicalcelera ,on of community culture. Since its founding in 2004 f it is the only100% non profit music festival designed

30、to support, entertain and educate thecommunity. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from aroundthe country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.The Old Settler's Music FestivalApril 19 - 22, 2018, DaleThe Old Settler's Music Festival is a nationallyknown mus

31、ic festival for American music. The festival is held in the country ofTexas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler's Music Festivaloffers great music and activities for the whole family.(1) In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year's Day?A. PhoenixB. Uvita.C. SydneyD. D

32、ale(2) What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival?A. It encourages people to receive education.B. It is not aimed at making money.C. It provides an opportunity for friend gathering.nD. It focuses on cultural exchanges.(3) Which festivals are connected with nature?A. Field Day and the

33、 Envision Festival.B. The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.C. The Old Settler's Music Festival and the McDowll McDowell Mountain Music Festival.D. The Envision Festival and the Old Settler's Music Festival.【答案】(1) CB3 3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：讲述了节日举行的时

34、间和节日特色。(1)考查细节理解。根据 Field Day部分中的 “Field Pay means New Year's Day for young people in Sydney.可知；Field Day对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有 趣的新年。故选C(2)考查推理判断。根据 The McDowell Mountain Music Festival 部分中的 “Since its fonding in 2004 f it is the only 100% non - profit music festival designed to support, ente

35、rtain and educate the community.司知，自从建立以来，这个节日一直是非盈利的音乐节。因此推断它的目 的不是赚钱。故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据 The Envision Festival部分中的 “Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.和"The Old Settler's Music Festival 部分提到的“The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the

36、wild flower season. 可知， 这两个音乐 节与大自然有关。故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4 .阅读理解Beginning life at college naturally develops both excitement and anxiety for many reasons. Fors ome, this feeling is quickly overcome as they adapt to a new environment; for othe

37、rs the change takes longer and sometimes appears as homesickness.If you are homesick, you might notice an increase in: Low energy or motivation.Trouble sleeping.Increases/decreases in appetite.Having difficulty with school.Increased use of drugs or alcohol.Lack of interest or involvement in new surr

38、oundings.CAUSESThe distance from home the farther you go, the worse it may be.Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.You have finally arrived at college after working toward it for so long. A heavy workload.Students who are homesick often feel they have no contr

39、ol over their environment.WHAT MIGHT HELP?Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind, but also give yourself time within the university to begin to get involved here.Be realistic about what to expect from student life and from yourself. Set up a balance between work and leisure.If wor

40、k is proving too difficult, you may need to improve your study skills or your organization of time.Remember to get enough food and sleep! These affect you emotionally as well as physically. Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests.If you stop being able t

41、o do normal social and academic things, seek professional help either from your advisor or dean or the counseling service.(1) What might be a sign of feeling homesick?A. Feeling like quarreling with someone else.B. Becoming interested in study than ever before.C. Finding food or fruit less attractiv

42、e.D. Participating in almost all activities in college.(2) New college students might be homesick because.A. they are never far away from their parentsB. they feel upset about something unexpectedC. they suddenly do not have anything to doD. they do not like the university they are in(3) Which of th

43、e following measures might be helpful for homesick students according to the text?A. Keeping their old friends left behind.B. Reminding themselves to keep busy and forget it.C. Forcing themselves to stay in their dorms on weekends.D. Going in for sports with their friends.【答案】(1) CB(3) D【解析】【分析】这是一篇

44、说明文。文章主要介绍了刚离开家上大学的学生面对新环境可能遇到的问题和给他们提出的建议。(1)细节理解题。由原文 "Increases/decreasesn appetite.可知，如果一个人想家，就有可 能增加或减少食欲，所以 C选项 感觉食物或水果失去吸引力”符合题意，而其他选项想跟别人吵架”、对学习比以前更感兴趣”和 几乎参加了大学所有的活动”都不符合题意。所以答案选Co(2)细节理解题。由原文 “Unhappinesswhen things are different from your expectations ofstudent life.可知，当事情不符合新入学的学生的期

45、望时，他们就会不高兴。所以B选项他们对不符合预期的事物感到厌烦”符合题意。所以答案选Bo(3)推理判断题。由原文 “Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind 可知，” 要跟留下的人保才I联系，所以A选项 要一直让老朋友留下”是不正确的。由原文 “Setup abalance between work and leisure.可知，应该在工作和休闲之前建立一个平衡，所以 B选 项 提醒他们自己保持忙碌并忘记想家”是不符合题意的。由原文 “Makecontacts and friendsthrough shared acti

46、vities such as sports or other interest s.可知，可以通过运动或其他兴趣来 结识其他朋友，所以 C选项 强迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合题意的，而 D选项 跟朋友一 起运动”是正确的。所以答案选Do【点评】推断题型答题技巧。推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直 接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合 文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接 陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在 字里行间的语气及观

47、点。5.阅读理解On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's Coca-Cola ” , you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.An advertising slogan(广告标语)is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand

48、better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.Here are a few examples:"Just do it!"-This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but onl

49、y if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?"Always Coca-Cola."-Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say "Coke is the only drink there is; there are no

50、 other forms of drinks.""Share moments, share life."-This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!(1) What would be the best title for the text?A.Just Do It!B.Slogan And Bran

51、d C.Famous Slogans D.What Is A Good Slogan?(2) Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?A.A good advertising slogan should draw people's attention.B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.C.An advertising slogan is as important to

52、a brand as eyes are to a person.D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.(3) The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to.A.peopleB.the happy momentsC.photos and beautyD.Kodak film(4) Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?SloganErrandOb<

53、;-yjfi>ur ihiRil.4)lksuqnIfanyonccan, Canon can.Eastern AirlinesThe r ings of nuin.Ca»to WalchesDrivers warned.jobwor1d.co.ukTcclinoloEy for life.SpriteDownEM u beiLer future.CaronSloganjBrandObey your thirst.ICanonI r anyone can.IVolkswagenCanon can.J he wings of man. liasiem AirlinesDriver

54、s wanted. I Casio watchesTechnology ft>r life jobworldco.uk Download a bener I Sprite future.Slogan口 randObey your thirst.Volk swa jis； nIf anyone can. Canon can.E-astcm AirlinesThe 吗 ings of nun.Casio WatchttDrivers wanted.jobw <ir1dxo.ukethnology for f'e.SpriteDownload a belter future.Ca

55、nofiHrandSpriteCan，】'I lie wing* of man.i -slcniAirlines| Slogan0 bley you中 jgL If anyone can.Canon can.VolkswagenCasio WatchesjabwtirldxoAikDrivers wantoL Tbchcol0gly fbr lifjp Download a better future.【答案】(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。(1)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"On hearing the

56、words ' Just do it! ' , you will know thereis a Nike product nearby. If it's- C'cAW aysyCocan be sure someone wants to sell you arefreshing drink.介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选B。(2)考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的"The slogan helps people understand the brand betterby telling them what it wants to sell

57、 to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在 人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，使用"Anadvertising slogan(广告标语)is to a brandwhat eyes are to a person.作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广 告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。故选Co(3) 考查代词指代。根据最后段中“It asks people to remember the h

58、appy moments in lifeby taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!可知，them 指的是前文的 "happy moments”。故选 B。(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The slogan helps people understand the brand betterby telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.(标

59、语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在 人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，表格中的第一条“Obey your thirst服"你的渴望，标语当中的“thirst有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告 语。结合选项，故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选 出正确答案。6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob (烤肉串)hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.Owned by a local couple, this Persian resta